• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of formula containing Euonymus alatus (EA) and Mori Folium (MF) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In order to iduce hyperglycemic state 25 mg/kg of STZ was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic control and treatment groups. Treatment groups were administered with either 250 mg/kg of EA and 250 mg/kg of MF (E1Ml), or 500 mg/kg of EA mixed with same dose of MF (E2M2) for 3 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured every 5th or 6th day. E1Ml and E2M2 both significantly reduced food intake, water intake, and fasting blood and urine glucose levels as compared to those in diabetic control group in a dose dependent manner. Body weight in diabetic control group was increased slightly after 3 weeks. Treatment group, however, showed gradual increase in body weights during 3 week-period. While plasma insulin levels of the diabetic control group were decreased to the level of 387$\pm$14 pg/ml from 534$\pm$36 pg/ml, those levels in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were both markedly increased by 13% and 26%, respectively. Urine glucose levels in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were also remarkably reduced by 17 and 26% compared to the levels of diabetic control group. While expression of membrane-bound glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) protein in skeletal muscle was reduced by 45% in diabetic control compared to the normal control, GLUT-4 protein expressions in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were augmented by 2 and 3.5 times compared to the diabetic control, respectively. Pancreatic HE staining experiments showed that E2M2-treated group revealed much less infiltrated mononuclear cells, indicating that E2M2 efficiently blocked insulitis induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin. Taken together, we conclude that formula containing EA and MF may prevent or delay the development of hyperglycemia through overexpression of GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle and prevention of insulitis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2006

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH), namely Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworms (Ancylostoma and Necator), present a global health problem to about a half of the earth's population. In the Republic of Korea, STH were highly prevalent and were considered a high priority target for national control. To promote the control, a non-governmental organization named Korea Association for Parasite Eradication (currently Korea Association of Health Promotion) was founded in 1964, and mass fecal examination followed by selective mass chemotherapy with anthelmintics was performed twice a year from 1969 to 1995 targeting whole nationwide schoolchildren. Meanwhile, decreasing patterns of national STH infections have been monitored by 7 times' quinquennial national surveys targeting general population. In 1971, the overall intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 84.3% (Ascaris 58.2%, Trichuris 65.4%, and hookworms 10.7%), which became 63.2% in 1976, 41.1% in 1981, 12.9% in 1986, 3.8% in 1992, 2.4% in 1997, and 4.3% (Ascaris 0.03%, Trichuris 0.02%, and hookworms 0%) in 2004. During the control period, national economy rapidly developed, and living standards including environment, sanitation, and agricultural technology greatly improved, which undoubtedly boosted the STH control effects. Our experience indicates that social driving force to establish an eligible national control system to conduct repeated mass chemotherapy, together with improvement of environment and sanitation, is important for initiating and achieving STH control in a developing community.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2008

The KSTAR Current Lead System(CLS) with network based real-time distributed control system is implemented using an EPICS as a middle-ware software. The current lead system transfers current from magnet power supplies to superconducting magnet system and simultaneously supply the coolant to maintain superconducting state. To control the CLS at main control room an EPICS IOC server is installed in local control area. Using this server, it is able to be controlled and monitored the system in main control room through operator interface(OPI) which uses "caget" to read status and "caput" to write command with a unique name called PV. The EPICS IOC is developed using "ether-ip" driver to communicate with PLC. Also we achieved satisfactory results in operation and stability aspects from a long period commissioning test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of postural control training on balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Eighteen chronic stroke patients were allocated equally and randomly to an experimental group (n=9) or a control group (n=9). All participants received 60 minutes of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, the experimental group additionally received a postural control training for 30 minutes, while the control group additionally performed a treadmill training for 30 minutes. These 30-minute training sessions were held five times per week for three weeks. Balance was assessed using Berg balance scale (BBS) and walking ability (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limb support) was assessed using the GAITRite system. RESULTS: Improvement on all outcome measures was identified from pre-to-post intervention for both groups (p<.05). Post-intervention, there was a significant between-group difference on measured outcomes (p<.05). The experimental group exhibited greater improvement in the gait speed (p=.01; 95% CI .08-.16), cadence (p=.04; 95% CI .34-4.79), step length (p=.02; 95% CI 1.50-5.17), double limb support period (p=.04; 95% CI -2.18 to -.14), and BBS (p=.01; 95% CI 1.04-6.74) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that postural control training may be beneficial for improving balance and walking ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2009

This paper focuses on vehicle fuel economy improvement using D-Range neutral control of automatic transmission. The system objected to reducing of fuel consumption during idle. Usually, turbine of conventional auto transmission is mechanically linked to wheel during idling condition. Therefore speed ratio of torque converter is zero for that period. This causes needless power loss by the torque converter slip. To improve this inefficiency automobile makers develops electronically-controlled D-range neutral control system. The D-range neutral control system minimizes slip on the torque converter by shifting gear to a neutral position during vehicle stoped with D-range gear position. However there's insufficient study about the effect of D-range neutral control system on vehicle fuel economy. In this paper, researches are performed on effect of D-range neutral control system on vehicle fuel economy by experiment with two different vehicle. And it is also estimated the effect on vehicle fuel economy using computer simulation. As a result, 1.8% of LA-4 mode fuel economy improvement can be achieved in a vehicle by D-range neutral control system.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.240-246
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• 2008

Cassia tora L. seeds have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose level in human and animals with diabetes. In the present study, the effects of Cassia tora L. seed butanol fraction (CATO) were studied on postprandial glucose control and insulin secretion from the pancreas of the normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by an i.p. injection of Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg BW) into the male Sprague-Dawley rats. The postprandial glucose control was monitored during a 240 min-period using a maltose loading test. In normal rats, rats fed CATO (20 mg/l00 g BW/d) showed lower postprandial glucose levels in all the levels from 30 min up to 180 min than those in the control rats without CATO (p<0.05). In diabetic rats, those levels in the CATO group seemed to be lower during the $30{\sim}180$ min, but only glucose level at 30 min showed significant difference compared to that in the control group. Moreover, CATO delayed the peak time of the glucose rise in both normal and diabetic rats in the glucose curves. On the other hand, when CATO was administered orally to the diabetic rats for 5 days, 12 hr fasting serum glucose level was decreased in the diabetic rats (p<0.05). Degree of a decrease in 12 hr fasting serum insulin levels was significantly less in the diabetic CATO rats as compared to diabetic control rats. On the last day of feeding, P cells of the pancreas were stimulated by 200 mg/dL glucose through a 40 min-pancreas perfusion. Amounts of the insulin secreted from the pancreas during the first phase ($11{\sim}20$ min) and the second phase ($21{\sim}40$ min) in the CATO fed diabetic rats were significantly greater than those in the diabetic control group (p<0.05). These findings indicated that constituents of Cassia tora L. seeds have beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose control which may be partially mediated by stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreas of the diabetic rats.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Medicine & Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise on stroke patients and their effects on trunk control ability and balance. Method: The subjects were 40 stroke patients, 19 patients in the experimental group and 18 patients in the control group. The period was 5 weeks, 5 times a week, 30 minutes per session. The experimental group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise and the control group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise. The posture assessment scale for stroke(PASS), trunk impairment scale(TIS) were used for trunk adjustment ability, and the balance ability was measured as center of pressure(COP) and limit of stability(LOS). Results: Results of this study showed that the PASS and TIS test significantly increased the experimental group compared to the control group. As a result of comparing the changes of pre and post intervention intervals between the two groups, the TIS test was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, but the LOS test was not significantly increased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise showed a significant improvement in the trunk control and balance ability of the stroke patients compared to the closed chain lower limb exercise without the abdominal breathing exercise.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2021

This study examines the effect of independent commissioners and the Audit Committee on internal control disclosure and its implications for earnings management in the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2018. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used, combined with two multiple regression analysis models. The final sample for this study comprised 30 companies over the three years of observation, such that there were 90 observations in total. This study indicates that independent commissioners, as measured by their composition, do not affect the disclosure of internal control. However, as measured by the number of members, the Audit Committee had a positive effect on internal control disclosures. This study also indicates that the disclosure of internal control as measured by the Internal Control Disclosure index affects reducing the negative practice of earnings management. This study proves that the Audit Committee's role is very dominant in assisting the Board of Commissioners in supervising internal control. This has implications for reducing earnings management practices. However, the Independent Commissioner's role in the Indonesian banking industry has not been optimal in carrying out the supervisory function in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-195
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• 1998

Biomass conversion efficiencies (B.C.E) of six fish species viz, Catla catla, Labeo, rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio cultured under artificial feed (T1), broiler manure (T2), buffalo manure (T3), N:P:K (25:25:0) (T4) and control pond (T5) have been determined for the period of one year. The overall biomass conversion efficiencies under the influence of T2, T3, and T4 were statistically similar. However, the best (0.40) efficiency was determined under feed supplement-ation (T1).

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.1241-1252
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• 2015

In this paper, we study the dynamical bifurcation of the modified Swift-Hohenberg equation on a periodic interval as the system control parameter crosses through a critical number. This critical number depends on the period. We show that there happens the pitchfork bifurcation under the spatially even periodic condition. We also prove that in the general periodic condition the equation bifurcates to an attractor which is homeomorphic to a circle and consists of steady states solutions.