• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2001

Staphylokinase (SAK) was produced in B. subtilis using two different promoter systems, i.e. the P43 and sacB promoters. To maximize SAK expression in B. subtilis, fermentation control strategies for each promoter were examined. SAK, under P43, a vegetative promoter transcribed mainly by $\sigma$(sup)B containing RNA polymerase, was overexpressed at low dissolved oxygen (D.O.) levels, suggesting that the sigB operon is somewhat affected by the energy charge of the cells. The expression of SAK at the 10% D.O. level was three times higher than that at the 50% D.O. level. In the case of sacB, a sucrose-inducible promoter, sucrose feeding was used to control the induction period and induction strength. Since sucrose is hydrolyzed by two sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes in the cell and culture broth, the control strategy was based on replenishing the loss of sucrose in the culture. With continuous feeding of sucrose, WB700 (pSAKBQ), which contains the SAK gene under sacB promoter, yielded ca. 35% more SAK than the batch culture. These results present efficient promoter-dependent control strategies in B. subtilis host system for foreign protein expression.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.34-45
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal responses of S. mutans (6715, serotype A) in relation to the remaining dentin thickness. The material was consisted of 72 teeth from 6 dogs. Cl. V cavities were prepared into 2 different thickness (0.5mm, 1.0mm) of remaining dentin. In the control groups, the cavities were filled with filter paper of broth, tin foil, and IRM$^{(R)}$ cement. In the experimental groups, the cavities were filled with filter paper of S. mutans, filter paper of broth, tin foil, and IRM$^{(R)}$ cement. The intervals of observation period were 1 week, 3 weeks, and 8 weeks respectively after the experiment. The specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and decalcified in 5% nitric acid. All specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and examined histopathologically under the microscope. The results were as follows. 1. The changes and congestion of odontoblastic layers were more frequent and lasting in the control group of 0.5mm than in that of 1.0mm remaining dentin thickness. 2. There was no characteristic difference between the control group of 1.0mm and the experimental group of 1.0mm in all pulp responses. 3. Acute and chronic inflammatory cells were seen in the experimental group of 0.5mm, but not seen in the control group of 0.5mm.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1998

Dietary levels of single cell protein(SCP) 0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 % were included in experimental diets. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the effects of diets containing different levels of SCP on the performance of broiler chicks, including the nutrient availabilities, compared to that of the commercial diet. In order to evaluate the nutritive value of SCP, feeding and metabolism trial were conducted with a total of 160 broiler chicks for a period of 4 weeks. Contents of CP and pure protein in the composition of SCP were 67 % and 32. 05 %, respectively. In general, diets with over 10 % SCP substitution had significantly decreased body weight gain compared to the control diet. Feed intake of chicks fed SCP supplemental groups was significantly decreased compared to that of control, especially observed the significant difference in proportion to increas mg the levels of SCP. The feed efficiency was decreased by the addiition of SCP, but was not significantly different between control and SCP supplemental groups. The digestibilities of DM, CP and NFE tended to be similar among treatments, whereas crude fiber treated with SCP tended to be lower digestibility than control. In conclusion, the optimum dietary supplemental SCP would be less 5 % for broiler growth in this experiment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effects of manual lymph drainage (MLD) on edema and the quality of life (QOL) of lymphedema patients in the maintenance phase. Method: Forty five lymphedema patients, who had completed intensive decongestive therapy, were enrolled in this study. All subjects were assigned randomly to two groups: Experimental (MLD) group (n=23) and control (self-MLD) group (n=22). MLD by a specialist was applied with a comfortable pressure for 40~60 minutes in the experimental group and self-MLD was carried out by the control group 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The % edema and a SF-36 questionnaire were used to measure the decrease in edema and the QOL. A paired t-test was used to compare the period, and an independent T-test was used to compare experiment and control groups. Result: The % edema was significantly lower in the experimental group after MLD (p<0.05). The physical, vitality, and mental health scores of the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: TMLD by a specialist in the maintenance phase is effective in reducing the % edema and enhancing the QOL of lymphedema patients. Further studies will be needed to determine if there are differences in the effects of many types of treatment methods in the lymphedema treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.193-202
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• 1999

Crane operation for transporting heavy loads causes swinging motion at the loads due to crane's acceleration and deceleration. This sway causes the suspension ropes to leave their grooves and leads to possibility of serious damages. So, this swing of the objects is a serious problem and the goal of crane system is transporting to a goal position as soon as possible without the oscillation of the rope. Generally crane is operated by expert's knowledge. Therefore, a satisfactory control method to supress object sway during transport is indispensible. The dynamic behavior of the crane shows nonlinear characteristics. when the length of the rope is changed the crane is time varying system and the design of anti-sway controller is very difficult. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic model for the industrial overhead crane whose girder, trolley and hoister move simultaneously is derived. and the Fuzzy logic controller based on the expert experiments during acceleration, constant velocity, deceleration and stop position period is proposed to supress the swing motion and control the position of the crane. The performance of the fuzzy controller for the nonlinear crane model is simulated on the personal computer.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2004

Objective : To examine the effects of self-acupressure which is usually used in reducing clinical nurses sleep pattern disturbances and fatigue. Methods : The research involved a nonequivalent control group with a pre test and post test design. The study subjects studied included 48 clinical nurses who work in C hospital located in Pusan, and they were classified into 2 groups : 25 nurses in the experimental group who took self-acupressure, and 23 nurses in the control group who did not. Self-acupressure of G12, H7 and Sp6 was administered over a period of 3 days with 1 demonstration and 4 frequencies. Results : 1. The sleep pattern disturbance score of the experimental group who took self-acupressure was significantly lower than that of the control group. (t= 7.00, p= .00) 2. The fatigue score of the experimental group who took self-acupressure was significantly lower than that of the control group. (t= 6.78, p= .00) Conclusions : Self-acupressure of G12, H7, Sp6 was effective for relieving clinical nurses sleep pattern disturbances and fatigue. The relevance of this study involved the use of Meridian self-acupressure in nursing intervention and was based on the theoretical foundations of Oriental Medicine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2011

A method to improve internal corrosion control efficiency by adding lime and carbon dioxide, which, in turn increases the Langelier Index (LI) for filtered water at a conventional drinking water treatment plant (WTP) was investigated. The SJ WTP (Q=100,000 $m^{3}$/d) has been operating an internal corrosion control system since 2006. The system has achieved stable operation through technical development and trial and error over a period of several years. As a result of the operation, the LI of treated water has increased up to 29% by adjusting pH of filtered water to 7.8 with the addition of lime and carbon dioxide. Coupon tests in the distribution system indicated that the corrosion rate has been delayed by 24% when the internal corrosion method was implemented. The increase of LI by lime and carbon dioxide has been proven to be a practical method for controlling corrosion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2414-2419
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• 2012

This paper presents an optimal operation control method for energy saving in the water reuse pumping system. A predictive horizon switching strategy is proposed to implement an optimal operation control and a linear programming (LP) algorithm is used to solve optimal problems in each time step. Energy costs are calculated for electricity on both TOU in the light, heavy, and maximum load time period and peak charges. The optimal operation in water reuse pumping systems is determined to reduce the TOU and peak costs. The simulation results show a power energy saving for water reuse pumping systems and power stability improvement.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

A hypertonic solution of sorbitol was used to precondition Douglas-fir and Western hemlock plug seedlings to improve desiccation resistance. Seedlings were preconditioned by soaking their root balls in water, -0.75 or -1.50 MPa sorbitol solution for 22 hr, and then exposed to desiccation conditions for 8 days. During the desiccation period, a transpirational water loss was significantly reduced by the sorbitol preconditioning, with its effect positively depending on concentration. This preconditioning-induced reduction in water loss was mainly caused by the decline in needle stomatal conductance. Sorbitol-induced stomatal control was more closely associated with reduction in plant water potential, rather than increase in abscisic acid concentrations. After rehydration of stressed-plants, most of the preconditioned seedlings with sorbitol were survived, while only 35% of Douglas-fir and 28% of Western hemlock seedlings treated with water were alive. The post-growth was significantly greater in the preconditioned seedlings than only water-treated seedlings. These results suggested that the earlier stomatal control with sorbitol-facilitated preconditioning could play a role in improving desiccation resistance of evergreen woody plants at transplanting in the field where water supply is limited or dry conditions are prevailing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 1985

The fuel pump system is developed with the Model Reference Adaptive Control (M.R.A.C.) algorithm based on the Weight Least Square (W.L.S.) algorithm for the parameter Identification and the one step ahead dead-beat control with the reference model. The value of some parameters as the sampling period 7, the weighting coefficient L, and the State Variable Filter (5.V,F.) coefficient f which a(fects the system performance are selected through computer simulation. For the variation of the plante dynamics rspecially due to the change of the fuel viscosity with the ambient temperature condition, the adaptability of the control system is studied in the case of regulation and tracking.