• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5681-5685
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• 2013

Background: To compare breast cancer incidence and mortality trends in Central Serbia between males and females in the period 1999-2009. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, mortality data were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and morbidity data were derived from Institute of Public Health of Serbia for the period of interest. Results: Breast cancer is a leading cancer in the female population of Central Serbia, whereas in male population it is not on the list of 10 leading localizations, concerning both incidence as well as mortality. In the period 1999-2009 the average standardized incidence rates of breast cancer were 60.5/100,000 in women and 1.4/100,000 in men, while average standardized mortality rates were 20.4/100,000 and 0.4/100,000. The average standardized incidence and mortality rates were about 45 times higher in females than males. Male breast cancer comprises approximately 2.1% of all breast cancer cases. The average age-specific mortality and incidence rates increased with age in both sexes. In the observed period standardized mortality rates of breast cancer increased significantly only in men ($y=0.320+0.0215{\times}$, p=0.044). Conclusions: The increase of breast cancer incidence in both sexes and mortality in men, indicate an urgent need for Serbian health professionals to apply existing cancer control and preventive measures. Male breast cancer is more present than in other world regions, with an outstanding increase of mortality, which demands a timely identification (screening) and adequate treatment. A national policy including mammography should be considered in the light of the newest findings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1267-1271
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to examine the significance of feeding induced hypovolemia (decrease in plasma volume) in controlling the feed intake of goats fed on dry feed. In order to alleviate hypovolemia with feeding, a 2 h intravenous infusion (16-18 ml/min) of artificial saliva or mannitol solution was begun 1 h prior to feeding and continued until 1h after the start of the 2 h feeding period. In comparison with no infusion (NI), cumulative feed intake was increased by 41% with artificial saliva infusion (ASI) and by 45% with mannitol infusion (MI) by the completion of the 2 h feeding period. Both infusion treatments (ASI and MI) were significantly different (p<0.05) from the NI treatment in terms of the cumulative feed intake. The cumulative feed intake between the ASI and MI treatments was not significantly different (p>0.05). No infusion treatment (NI) had the lowest cumulative feed intake (929 g DM), whereas MI had the highest (1345 g DM), after completion of the 2 h feeding period. Generally, infusion treatments also increased the rate of eating at all time points after feeding was commenced. Following the first 30 mins of feeding, the rate of eating decreased sharply, and subsequently declined gradually in all treatments. Compared to the NI, both ASI and MI significantly (p<0.05) decreased thirst level (water intake for 30 mins after the completion of the 2 h feeding period) by approximately 13%. However, the thirst level caused by ASI and MI was not significantly different (p>0.05). Both ASI and MI decreased the plasma concentrations of osmolality and total protein, and hematocrit at 1 h after infusion. The results suggested that the thirst sensation in the brain could be produced by feeding induced hypovolemia. Moreover, the results indicate that hypovolemia is one of the factors controlling the feed intake of goats fed on dry feed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1406-1415
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• 2013

The study was conducted to correlate the periparturient immune status in terms of neutrophil functions and cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture with impending postpartum reproductive disorders in buffaloes. Forty pregnant buffaloes were observed for occurrence of postpartum reproductive disorders (PRD), i.e., metritis, endometritis and delayed uterine involution etc., during one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period. A representative number (n = 6) of buffaloes that did not develop any PRD were included in group I (healthy, control), while the animals which experienced PRD were assigned into group II (PRD, n = 8). The blood samples were collected at weekly interval from one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period considering the day of calving as 'd 0'. Differential leucocytes counts, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production activity in isolated neutrophils and the mRNA expression profile of cytokines i.e., IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in PBMC culture were studied in all the samples. A higher total leucocytes, neutrophil and band cells count along with impaired neutrophil functions i.e., lowered level of production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide before parturition and during early postpartum period were observed in buffaloes developing PRD. Further, a lower expression of IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 mRNA in PBMC culture was observed at calving in buffaloes that subsequently developed PRD at later postpartum. Thus, suppression in neutrophil function and cytokine expression at prepartum to early postpartum period predisposes the buffaloes to develop postpartum reproductive disorders. Hence, monitoring of neutrophils function and cytokine expression profile would be effective to predict certain reproductive disorders at late pregnancy or immediately after parturition in buffaloes. In future, this may be a novel approach for determining suitable management and therapeutic decisions for prevention of commonly occurring reproductive disorders in farm animals.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.139-151
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• 1992

A reservoir operation model was established under the varying restricted water level(r.w.l.) subject to the inflow distributions in flood period. The optimization model consists of 2 sub-models. One model minimizes deviations of releases from the expected release and the other minimizes capacity requirement for flood control. In order to make deterministic equivalents, the inflow distribution of reservoir is assumed to be 2-parameter Lognormal, and its parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The model is applied to joint operation of Soyang and Chungju dam. The results show that Soyang was designed for larger flood event than that for Chungju. The operation under the varying r.w.l. turns out to be more effective than one under the uniform r.w.l. Such effect is more obvious at Chungju compared with Soyang. Release pattern shows diminishing and delaying effect in a period of high inflows and larger discharges than actual in a period of low inflows.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Responses of Botryosphaeria dothidea to interrupted wetness periods were investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Conidia of B. dothidea were allowed to germinate on apple fruits under wetting condition at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr. They were air-dried for 0, 1, 2 or 4 hr, and then rewetted at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr. Following an initial wetness period of 5 hr, 83% of the conidia germinated. The percent conidial germination increased to 96% when wetting was extended continuously another 5 hr. However, no further conidial germination was observed when wetting was interrupted by dry periods of 1, 2 and 4 hr, resulting in 83, 81 and 82%, respectively. The mean length of the germ tubes was $37{\mu}m$ after 5 hr of wetting and elongated to $157{\mu}m$ after 10 hr of continuous wetting. On the other hand, interruption of wetting by a dry period of 1 hr or longer after the 5 hr of initial wetting arrested the germ tube elongation at approximately $42{\mu}m$ long. Prolonged rewetting up to 40 hr did not restore germ tube elongation on slide glasses under substrate treatments. Model simulation using weather data sets revealed that ending infection periods by a dry period of at least 1 hr decreased the daily infection periods, avoiding the overestimation of infection warning. This information can be incorporated into infection models for scheduling fungicide sprays to control apple white rot with fewer fungicide applications.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 1999

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of feeding Angelica gigas Nakai by-products on performance and meat quality of Korean native chicks(KNC). Five hundred forty KNC were placed into 0, 0.2, and 0.4% Angelica gigas supplements with four replications between males and females. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio(FCR), breast meat lipid, fatty acid and protein contents were measured from 17 to 20 weeks old. Egg production, feed intake and FCR were examined from 22 to 29 weeks at four weeks at four weeks intervals. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 15% crude protein and 2,850㎉/kg ME for the growing period, 16.5% and 2,800㎉/kg for the laying period. Experiments were designed in a one way analysis. Weight gain of female chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products increased significantly compared to that of other treatments for the growing period, but was not consistency in male groups. Moisture, protein, fat content were not statistically different among all treatments. Fatty acid composition(C16:0, C18:0) of chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products was higher than other treatments. In laying period, hens fed 0.2 or 0.4% Angelica gigas Nakai by-products seemed to increase the egg production and significantly improved FCR compared to that of control(P〈0.05). Birds fed 0.4% treatment showed significantly the lowest feed intake and FCR of all treatments(P〈0.05). The results of these studies indicated that dietary supplemental Angelica gigas by-products may have a role to improve the performance of KNC.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

The studies was conducted to investigate the antioxidation effect of Korean propolis. Oxidation period of soy oil was 17.5 hr, soy oil with propolis(1,000 ppm) was extended the length of oxidation period. The length of oxidation periods of soy oil with Yecheon, Youngwol, Brazilian, Chinese, and Australian propolis were 33.5, 35.4, 32.0, 33.1, and 27.1hours respectively. The length of oxidation period of lard with propolis 1,000ppm of Yecheon, Youngwol, Brazilian, Chinese and Australian were 191, 167, 296, 230, and 207hours, respectively compared to control(22.5hours). When compared to tocopherol as natural antioxidant and BHT as synthetic antioxidant were revealed 16.7 and 20.5hours, respectively. The length of oxidation period was not different when compared to tocopherol and Youngwol propolis with soy oil. Ascorbic acid and citric acid had synergistic effect to propolis with soy oil when 200ppm of propolis was added.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.709-717
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• 2002

Hypoxemia is known to induce various physiological changes which can result in alteration in drug pharmacokinetics. To examine the effect of acute moderate hypoxemia on metoclopramide (MCP) pharmacokinetics, a continuous 14-hour infusion of MCP during a normoxemic, hypoxemic and subsequent normoxemic period was conducted in eight adult sheep. Arterial blood and urine samples were collected to examine the effects on the pharmacokinetics of MCP and its deethylated metabolites. MCP and its mono- and di-deethylated metabolites were quantitated using a GC/MS method. Steady-state concentrations of MCP were achieved in each of the three periods. During hypoxemia, MCP plasma steady-state concentration increased significantly from 50.72$\pm$1.06 to 63.62$\pm$1.79 ng/mL, and later decreased to 55.83$\pm$1.15 ng/mL during the post-hypoxemic recovery period. Total body clearance ($CL_{TB}$) of MCP was significantly decreased from 274.2$\pm$48.0 L/h to 205.40$\pm$28.2 L/h during hypoxemia, and later restored to 245.8$\pm$44.2 L/h during the post-hypoxemic period. Plasma mono-deethylated MCP concentration (32.78$\pm$1.73 ng/mL) also increased, compared to the control group (21.20$\\pm$1.39 ng/mL), during hypoxemia and subsequent normoxemic period. Renal excretion of MCP and its metabolites was also decreased during hypoxemia, while urine flow was increased with a concomitant decrease in urine osmolality. Thus, the results indicate that acute moderate hypoxemia affects MCP pharmacokinetics.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.332-338
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a known ethylene action inhibitor, on fruit quality and incidence of physiological disorders during a simulated marketing period in new mid-season Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 'Changjo'. Flesh firmness of untreated control fruits was maintained with a hardness of 20.2 N until day 14 of simulated marketing but decreased rapidly to 6.2 N at day 21 of simulated marketing; losing its commercial quality. However, the firmness of 1-MCP treated fruits remained high (> 20.7 N) during the same period. Quality indices such as soluble solids content and titratable acidity in 'Changjo' pear did not show any significant differences during simulated marketing period regardless of 1-MCP treatment. For the difference in skin color, redness ($a^*$) tended to increase as simulated marketing period became longer, and 1-MCP treatment delayed this change by 7 days compared to the untreated fruits. No decrease occurred in ethylene production level with 1-MCP treatment in 'Changjo' pear. Meanwhile, 1-MCP treated pears showed a significantly lower respiration rate compared to the untreated fruits. Also, 1-MCP treatment effectively reduced the incidence of physiological disorders including internal flesh browning and mealiness symptoms during simulated marketing periods of 21 and 14 days, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the use of 1-MCP is recommended for quality maintenance and for prevention of physiological disorders during simulated marketing periods of ${\geq}7days$ for mid-season Asian pear 'Changjo'.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to review physiological responses and subjective sensations in the cold environment when the subjects wore ensemble with different clo values. Seven healthy male subjects participated in this experiment. This experiment was conducted in a climatic chamber with $-10^sC$ and 50%RH. Subjects wore five different kinds of ensemble[C1 (4.453 clo), C2 (3.452 clo), C3 (2.865 clo), C4 (2.387 clo), and C5 (2.280 clo)]. The experiment was composed of 20 min of rest period, 20min of treadmill exercise(6 km/h) period, 30 min of recovery period. We monitored skin temperature on 7 sites, clothing microclimate and subjective sensations. The clo value had positive correlations with mean skin temperature and clothing microclimate. The subjects feel more warm and humid as the clo value goes up. The subjects reported comfort when they wore C1 and C2 ensemble having over 3 clo value. However, they felt less comfortable during the exercise period since there was high humidity. Skin temperature on the extremities were more dramatically changed by the exercise rather than clo value. Thus it seems that in the cold environment, heat balance can mostly be controlled by the choice of clothing, and the clothes with high clo values can provide higher insulation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that it would be more effective to control clo value depending on the activity level for maintaining comfort level in the cold environment.