• Title/Summary/Keyword: control device

Search Result 5,522, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

Study on Security Policy Distribute Methodology for Zero Trust Environment (제로 트러스트 환경을 위한 보안 정책 배포 방법에 대한 연구)

  • Sung-Hwa Han;Hoo-Ki Lee
    • Convergence Security Journal
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.93-98
    • /
    • 2022
  • Information service technology continues to develop, and information service continues to expand based on the IT convergence trend. The premeter-based security model chosen by many organizations can increase the effectiveness of security technologies. However, in the premeter-based security model, it is very difficult to deny security threats that occur from within. To solve this problem, a zero trust model has been proposed. The zero trust model requires authentication for user and terminal environments, device security environment verification, and real-time monitoring and control functions. The operating environment of the information service may vary. Information security management should be able to response effectively when security threats occur in various systems at the same time. In this study, we proposed a security policy distribution system in the object reference method that can effectively distribute security policies to many systems. It was confirmed that the object reference type security policy distribution system proposed in this study can support all of the operating environments of the system constituting the information service. Since the policy distribution performance was confirmed to be similar to that of other security systems, it was verified that it was sufficiently effective. However, since this study assumed that the security threat target was predefined, additional research is needed on the identification method of the breach target for each security threat.

The Characteristics of Traditional Irrigation Farming System of Uiseong-gun (의성 전통수리 농업시스템의 특징)

  • Lee, Yoo-Jick;Lee, Seung-Hye;Lee, Da-Young;Jeong, Jae-Hyeon;Park, Jin-Wook;Gu, Jin Hyuk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
    • /
    • v.29 no.1
    • /
    • pp.69-79
    • /
    • 2023
  • Uiseong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, one of the representative small rain regions, has developed a traditional irrigation farming system while overcoming and adapting to unfavorable agricultural environments from the days of the ancient nation of Jomunguk to the present. In 2018, its value was recognized and designated as Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage System No. 10. This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the characteristics of the traditional irrigation farming system in Uiseong from the viewpoints of irrigation facilities, irrigation communities, and agricultural activities. The research results are as follows. Uiseong-gun has been expanding irrigation facilities for agriculture since long ago, and it has been investigated that a total of 6,227 irrigation facilities are currently distributed along the Wicheon water system that crosses Uiseong-gun from east to west. Irrigation facilities appear differently depending on the topography. The irrigation facility has a 'su-tong' as an irrigation passage and a corkscrew structure 'mot-tchong' as a water quantity control device, so the amount of water was adjusted as needed. Through this facility, surface water with warmer temperature is supplied to the farmland to prevent cold damage to crops. Uiseong has developed activities to organize irrigation communities in one village or several villages to secure agricultural water from an early age. Currently, this tradition continues, and a total of 213 irrigation communities manage 375 irrigation facilities (6.0% of all irrigation facilities). Through this organization, called Mong-ri-gye, water for agriculture is obtained, managed, and distributed equitably. In order to increase agricultural production, Uiseong implemented double cropping by converting rice fields and fields. In the case of Mt. Geumseong, double cropping of rice and barley was mainly carried out until the 1970s, but since the 1980s, double cropping of rice and garlic has been implemented with higher income. One of the unique features of the agricultural system of this region is the spectacular landscape that changes simultaneously from field to rice field in spring and from rice field to field in autumn.

Comparison of pediatric injury patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a retrospective study

  • Geom Pil Nam;Woo Sung Choi;Jin-Seong Cho;Yong Su Lim;Jae-Hyug Woo;Jae Ho Jang;Jea Yeon Choi
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
    • /
    • v.36 no.4
    • /
    • pp.343-353
    • /
    • 2023
  • Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in the lifestyle patterns of children and affected the patterns of pediatric injuries. This study analyzed the changing patterns of pediatric injury overall and by age groups, based on the datasets before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study is based on the data of patients who presented with injuries at 23 hospital emergency departments participating in the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The surveillance data was categorized by injury mechanism, location, activity, and severity. We analyzed the injury patterns of pediatric patients aged 0 to 15 years. Subgroup analysis was conducted by age group in children aged 7 to 15 years, 1 to 6 years, and <1 year. Results: When comparing the COVID-19 pandemic period to the pre-COVID-19 period, the total number of pediatric patients with injuries decreased by 38.7%, while the proportions of in-home injuries (57.9% vs. 67.9%), and minor injuries (38.9% vs. 39.7%) increased. In the 7 to 15 years group, bicycle riding injuries (50.9% vs. 65.6%) and personal mobility device injuries (2.4% vs. 4.6%) increased. The 1 to 6 years group also showed an increase in bicycle accident injuries (15.8% vs. 22.4%). In the <1 year group, injuries from falls increased (44.5% vs. 49.9%). Self-harm injuries in the 7 to 15 years group also increased (1.6% vs. 2.8%). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the overall number of pediatric injuries decreased, while injuries occurring at home and during indoor activities increased. Traffic accidents involving bicycles and personal mobility devices and self-harm injuries increased in the 7 to 15 years group. In the <1 year group, the incidence of falls increased. Medical and societal preparedness is needed so that we might anticipate these changes in the patterns of pediatric injuries during future infectious disease pandemics.

Measurement and Discrimination Method for the Evaluation of Aero-Pulsation Noise Generated by the Turbocharger System (터보차저의 공기맥동음 평가를 위한 측정 및 판별법)

  • Kim, Jae-Heon;Lee, Jong-Kyu
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.26 no.7
    • /
    • pp.361-365
    • /
    • 2007
  • Aero-pulsation noise, generally caused by geometric asymmetry of a rotating device, is one of considerable sources of annoyance in passenger cars using the turbocharged diesel engine. Main source of this noise is the compressor wheel in the turbocharger system, and can be reduced by after-treatment devices such as silencers, but which may increase the manufacturing cost. More effective solution is to improve the geometric symmetry over all, or to control the quality of components by sorting out inferior ones. The latter is more simple and reasonable than the former in view of manufacturing. Thus, an appropriate discrimination method should be needed to evaluate aero-pulsation noise level at the production line. In this paper, we introduce the accurate method which can measure the noise level of aero-pulsation and also present its evaluation criteria. Besides verifying the reliability of a measurement system - a rig test system-, we analyze the correlation between the results from rig tests and those from vehicle tests. The gage R&R method is carried out to check the repeatability of measurements over 25 samples. From the result, we propose the standard specification which can discriminate inferior products from superior ones on the basis of aero-pulsation noise level.

Study on Weather Modification Hybrid Rocket Experimental Design and Application (기상조절용 하이브리드 로켓의 실험 설계 및 활용연구)

  • Joo Wan Cha;Bu-Yo Kim;Miloslav Belorid;Yonghun Ro;A-Reum Ko;Sun Hee Kim;Dong-Ho Park;Ji Man Park;Hae Jung Koo;Ki-Ho Chang;Hong Hee Lee;Soojong Kim
    • Atmosphere
    • /
    • v.34 no.2
    • /
    • pp.203-216
    • /
    • 2024
  • The National Institute of Meteorological Sciences in Korea has developed the Weather Modification Hybrid Rocket (WMHR), an advanced system that offers enhanced stability and cost-effectiveness over conventional solid-fuel rockets. Designed for precise operation, the WMHR enables accurate control over the ejection altitude of pyrotechnics by modulating the quantity of oxidizer, facilitating specific cloud seeding at various atmospheric layers. Furthermore, the rate of descent for pyrotechnic devices can be adjusted by modifying parachute sizes, allowing for controlled dispersion time and concentration of seeding agents. The rocket's configuration also supports adjustments in the pyrotechnic device's capacity, permitting tailored seeding agent deployment. This innovation reflects significant technical progression and collaborations with local manufacturers, in addition to efforts to secure testing sites and address hybrid rocket production challenges. Notable outcomes of this project include the creation of a national framework for weather modification technology utilizing hybrid rockets, enhanced cloud seeding methods, and the potential for broader meteorological application of hybrid rockets beyond precipitation augmentation. An illustrative case study confirmed the WMHR's operational effectiveness, although the impact on cloud seeding was limited by unfavorable weather conditions. This experience has provided valuable insights and affirmed the system's potential for varied uses, such as weather modification and deploying high-altitude meteorological sensors. Nevertheless, the expansion of civilian weather rocket experiments in Korea faces challenges due to inadequate infrastructure and regulatory limitations, underscoring the urgent need for advancements in these areas.

Electrical Properties of Two-dimensional Electron Gas at the Interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 by a Solution-based Process (용액 공정을 통해 제조된 LaAlO3/SrTiO3 계면에서의 이차원 전자 가스의 전기적 특성)

  • Kyunghee Ryu;Sanghyeok Ryou;Hyeonji Cho;Hyunsoo Ahn;Jong Hoon Jung;Hyungwoo Lee;Jung-Woo Lee
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
    • /
    • v.31 no.1
    • /
    • pp.43-48
    • /
    • 2024
  • The discovery of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of LaAlO3 (LAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) substrates has sparked significant interest, providing a foundation for cutting-edge research in electronic devices based on complex oxide heterostructures. However, conventional methods for producing LAO thin films, typically employing techniques like pulsed laser deposition (PLD) within physical vapor deposition (PVD), are associated with high costs and challenges in precisely controlling the La and Al composition within LAO. In this study, we adopted a cost-effective alternative approach-solution-based processing-to fabricate LAO thin films and investigated their electrical properties. By adjusting the concentration of the precursor solution, we varied the thickness of LAO films from 2 to 65 nm and determined the sheet resistance and carrier density for each thickness. After vacuum annealing, the sheet resistance of the conductive channel ranged from 0.015 to 0.020 Ω·s-1, indicating that electron conduction occurs not only at the LAO/STO interface but also into the STO bulk region, consistent with previous studies. These findings demonstrate the successful formation and control of 2DEG through solution-based processing, offering the potential to reduce process costs and broaden the scope of applications in electronic device manufacturing.

Characteristics of Yeong-dae Garden Recorded in Shijing and Mencius, and Its Perception in the Joseon Dynasty (『시경』과 『맹자』에 기록된 영대(靈臺) 원림의 특성과 조선시대 인식)

  • Lim, Hansol
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
    • /
    • v.52 no.4
    • /
    • pp.120-136
    • /
    • 2024
  • Yeong-dae(靈臺), Yeong-yu(靈囿), and Yeong-so(靈沼) - so-called 'Yeong-dae Garden' – appear in the poem 'Dae-ah(大雅)․Yeong-dae(靈臺)' in Shijing(詩經) which is considered the record of the earliest garden in East Asia, in the chapter 'Yanghyewang(梁惠王)' of Mencius(孟子). Focusing on those records, this research clarifies their characteristics and discusses the aspects related to garden practices in the Joseon Dynasty. The Yeong-dae Garden is the garden of King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty, who is considered a sage of Confucianism. It is considered to be the first imperial garden in China, and the basic form of all gardens consists of mountains and water. The characteristics of Yeong-dae Garden can be specified through the texts of Shijing and Mencius, the comments written by Zhu Xi and others, and later literature, such as Sambohwangdo. The characteristics of Yeong-dae Garden are as follows: In terms of form, the three spatial elements corresponding to raised ground, a wide area for raising animals, and a pond with fish form a simple arrangement; in terms of function, it combines observation and rest; and in terms of symbolism, it signifies the companionship of the public sentiment and the leader's sincerity. In literature from the Joseon Dynasty, Yeong-dae Garden mainly appear in historical materials related to the King, and its meaning shows an aspect of differentiation into two functions: an observatory for astronomical observation and a garden for rest and appreciation. For the intellectuals of Joseon who sought to restore an ancient ideal state like the Zhou Dynasty through Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism, the Yeong-dae Garden served as a control device to warn against royal garden's practices and a symbolic mechanism to expand its meaning of existence to good politics.

Surface Nano-to-Micro Patterning for Rubber Magnet Composite via Extreme Pressure Imprint Lithography (극압 임프린트 리소그래피를 통한 자성고무 복합재 표면 미세 패터닝 기술)

  • Eun Bin Kang;Yu Na Kim;Woon Ik Park
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.18-23
    • /
    • 2024
  • Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is widely used to form structures ranging from micro to nanoscale due to its advantage of generating high-resolution patterns at a low process cost. However, most NIL processes require the use of imprint resists and external elements such as ultraviolet light or heat, necessitating additional post-processes like etching or metal deposition to pattern the target material. Furthermore, patterning on flexible and/or non-planar films presents significant challenges. This study introduces an extreme pressure imprint lithography (EPIL) process that can form micro-/nano-scale patterns on the surface of a flexible rubber magnet composite (RMC) film at room temperature without an etching process. The EPIL technique can form ultrafine structures over large areas through the plastic deformation of various materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics. In this study, we demonstrate the process and outcomes of creating a variety of periodic structures with diverse pattern sizes and shapes on the surface of a flexible RMC composed of strontium ferrite and chlorinated polyethylene. The EPIL process, which allows for the precise patterning on the surface of RMC materials, is expected to find broad applications in the production of advanced electromagnetic device components that require fine control and changes in magnetic orientation.

Initial Experience of the Emergency Bypass System ($EBS^{(R)}$) for the Patients with Cardiogenic Shock due to an Acute Myocardial Infarction (급성 심근경색으로 인한 심인성 쇼크 환자에 대한 경피적 순환 보조장치($EBS^{(R)}$) 적용의 초기경험)

  • Ryu, Kyoung-Min;Kim, Sam-Hyun;Seo, Pil-Won;Ryu, Jae-Wook;Kim, Seok-Kon;Kim, Young-Hwa;Park, Seong-Sik
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
    • /
    • v.41 no.3
    • /
    • pp.329-334
    • /
    • 2008
  • Background: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support. (PCPS) has the potential to rescue patients in cardiogenic shock who might otherwise die. PCPS has been a therapeutic option in a variety of the clinical settings such as for patients with myocardial Infarction, high-risk coronary intervention and postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock, and the PCPS device is easy to install. We report our early experience with PCPS as a life saving procedure in cardiogenic shock patients due to acute myocardial infarction. Material and Method: From January 2005 to December 2006, eight patients in cardiogenic shock with acute myocardial infarction underwent PCPS using the CAPIOX emergency bypass system($EBS^{(R)}$, Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). Uptake cannulae were inserted deep into the femoral vein up to the right atrium and return cannulae were inserted into the femoral artery with Seldinger techniques using 20 and 16-French cannulae, respectively. Simultaneously, autopriming was performed at the $EBS^{(R)}$ circuit. The $EBS^{(R)}$ flow rate was maintained between $2.5{\sim}3.0L/min/m^2$ and anticoagulation was performed using intravenous heparin with an ACT level above 200 seconds. Result: The mean age of patients was $61.1{\pm}14.2$ years (range, 39 to 77 years). Three patients were under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), three patients were under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ during PCI, one patient was under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ after PCI, and one patient was under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ after coronary bypass surgery. The mean support time was $47.5{\pm}27.9$ hours (range, 8 to 76 hours). Five patients (62.5%) could be weaned from the $EBS^{(R)}$ after $53.6{\pm}27.2$ hours. (range, 12 to 68 hours) of support. All of the patients who could successfully be weaned from support were discharged from the hospital. There were three complications: one case of gastrointestinal bleeding and two cases of acute renal failure. Two of the three mortality cases were under cardiac arrest before $EBS^{(R)}$ support, and one patient had an intractable ventricular arrhythmia during the support. All of the discharged patients are still surviving at $16.8{\pm}3.1$ months (range, 12 to 20 months) of follow-up. Conclusion: The use of $EBS^{(R)}$ for cardiogenic shock caused by an acute myocardial infarction could rescue patients who might otherwise have died. Successfully recovered patients after $EBS^{(R)}$ treatment have survived without severe complications. More experience and additional clinical investigations are necessary to elucidate the proper installation timing and management protocol of the $EBS^{(R)}$ in the future.

Edge to Edge Model and Delay Performance Evaluation for Autonomous Driving (자율 주행을 위한 Edge to Edge 모델 및 지연 성능 평가)

  • Cho, Moon Ki;Bae, Kyoung Yul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.191-207
    • /
    • 2021
  • Up to this day, mobile communications have evolved rapidly over the decades, mainly focusing on speed-up to meet the growing data demands of 2G to 5G. And with the start of the 5G era, efforts are being made to provide such various services to customers, as IoT, V2X, robots, artificial intelligence, augmented virtual reality, and smart cities, which are expected to change the environment of our lives and industries as a whole. In a bid to provide those services, on top of high speed data, reduced latency and reliability are critical for real-time services. Thus, 5G has paved the way for service delivery through maximum speed of 20Gbps, a delay of 1ms, and a connecting device of 106/㎢ In particular, in intelligent traffic control systems and services using various vehicle-based Vehicle to X (V2X), such as traffic control, in addition to high-speed data speed, reduction of delay and reliability for real-time services are very important. 5G communication uses high frequencies of 3.5Ghz and 28Ghz. These high-frequency waves can go with high-speed thanks to their straightness while their short wavelength and small diffraction angle limit their reach to distance and prevent them from penetrating walls, causing restrictions on their use indoors. Therefore, under existing networks it's difficult to overcome these constraints. The underlying centralized SDN also has a limited capability in offering delay-sensitive services because communication with many nodes creates overload in its processing. Basically, SDN, which means a structure that separates signals from the control plane from packets in the data plane, requires control of the delay-related tree structure available in the event of an emergency during autonomous driving. In these scenarios, the network architecture that handles in-vehicle information is a major variable of delay. Since SDNs in general centralized structures are difficult to meet the desired delay level, studies on the optimal size of SDNs for information processing should be conducted. Thus, SDNs need to be separated on a certain scale and construct a new type of network, which can efficiently respond to dynamically changing traffic and provide high-quality, flexible services. Moreover, the structure of these networks is closely related to ultra-low latency, high confidence, and hyper-connectivity and should be based on a new form of split SDN rather than an existing centralized SDN structure, even in the case of the worst condition. And in these SDN structural networks, where automobiles pass through small 5G cells very quickly, the information change cycle, round trip delay (RTD), and the data processing time of SDN are highly correlated with the delay. Of these, RDT is not a significant factor because it has sufficient speed and less than 1 ms of delay, but the information change cycle and data processing time of SDN are factors that greatly affect the delay. Especially, in an emergency of self-driving environment linked to an ITS(Intelligent Traffic System) that requires low latency and high reliability, information should be transmitted and processed very quickly. That is a case in point where delay plays a very sensitive role. In this paper, we study the SDN architecture in emergencies during autonomous driving and conduct analysis through simulation of the correlation with the cell layer in which the vehicle should request relevant information according to the information flow. For simulation: As the Data Rate of 5G is high enough, we can assume the information for neighbor vehicle support to the car without errors. Furthermore, we assumed 5G small cells within 50 ~ 250 m in cell radius, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered as a 30km ~ 200 km/hour in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.