• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

목 적: 극소저출생체중아 태변 장폐색은 장관 영양을 지연시키고 장폐색을 유발하는 주요 원인 중 하나로 고삼투압 수용성 조영제 관장이 진단과 치료의 유용성에 대한 원칙은 아직 논란 중이다. 본 연구는 태변 장폐색을 보인 극소저출생체중아의 임상 소견을 관찰하고, 고삼투압 수용성 조영 관장 후 장폐색 증상 호전, 장관영양의 진행, 합병증 등을 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법: 극소저출생체중아 중에 태변 장폐색으로 고삼투압 수용성 조영제 관장을 시행한 14명의 임상 소견과 방사선 소견, 장관 영양의 진행, 고삼투압 수용성 조영제 관장 치료 후 호전 여부, 고삼투압 수용성 조영제 관장과 연관된 합병증 등을 관찰하였다. 이들의 주요임상 소견을 장폐색 증상 없이 수유 진행이 가능하였던 극소저출생체중아 18명과 비교 하였다. 결 과: 1) 태변 장폐색을 보인 극소저출생체중아에서 태변 장폐색이 없었던 극소저출생체중아에 비해 낮은 5분 Apgar 점수를 보였다(p<0.05). 또한, 출생 후 마지막 태변 배출시기(일), 첫 수유 시작 시기(일), 전 장관 영양 도달 시기(일)들도 의미 있게 지연되었다(p<0.05). 2) 고삼투압 수용성 조영제 관장은 14명에서 18 회를 시행하였다. 18회 중 12회에서 조영제가 회장 말단에 도달하였으며 이 중 11회에서 관장 후 다량의 태변 배출과 함께 장폐색 증상의 호전이 있었으나, 1예는 호전이 없어 회장절개술로 태변을 제거하였다. 3) 조영제가 회장 말단에 도달 못한 5명 중 3명에서 증상의 호전이 없어 조영제 관장을 재시행 하여 조영제가 회장말단에 도달하였고 장폐색 증상이 호전되었다. 4) 고삽투압 수용성 조영제 관장과 연관된 특별한 합병증은 없었다. 결 론: 극소저출생체중아 태변 장폐색에서 고삼투압수용성 조영제 관장은 비교적 안전하게 시행할 수 있는 치료 방법이었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2012

토끼 뇌에 대장균을 주입하여 CT 소견을 알아보고, 시간에 따른 동맥혈의 하운스필드 값의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 토끼 두개관에 천두공(burr hole)을 뚫고 2~3 mm 깊이에 대장균 $1{\times}10^7$ CFU/ml, 0.1 ml을 주입하여 뇌염증 모델을 제작하고, 조영 증강 CT와 동적 CT, 그리고 동맥혈의 CT영상을 얻었다.조영 증강 CT에서 뇌농양, 뇌실염 그리고 뇌막염등 다양한 뇌염증 소견이 보였다. 뇌농양은 중앙부가 거의 조영되지 않고 주변부가 강하게 조영되는 전형적인 양상을 보였고, 뇌실염은 측뇌실 벽을 따라 강하게 조영되는 소견을 보였으며, 뇌막염은 종뇌와 간뇌의 접히는 부위 뇌막이 강하게 조영되었다. 동적 CT영상에서 염증 중앙부의 조영제 주입 전 HU 값은 $31.01{\pm}3.55$였고, 주입 후 10분까지 $40.36{\pm}3.76$으로 서서히 증가하였다. 그리고 염증 가장자리구역에서 HU 값은 조영제 주입 전에 $47.23{\pm}3.12$였고, 조영제 주입 후 약 45초에 $63.59{\pm}3.31$로 가장 많이 증가 하였으나 이후 20분까지 약간 떨어졌다. 또한 균 주입 반대쪽 정상 뇌조직에서 측정한 HU 값은 조영제 주입 전에 $39.01{\pm}3.24$이었고, 조영제 주입 후 약 30초에 $49.01{\pm}4.29$로 가장 많이 조영되었고, 이후 서서히 낮아졌다. 동맥 혈액 CT에서 조영제 주입 전 HU 값은 $87.78{\pm}6.88$이었고, 조영제 주입 후 10초부터 30초까지 급격히 증가하여 $749.13{\pm}98.48$로 최대값을 보이고, 30초부터 45초까지 $467.85{\pm}62.98$로 급격히 감소하며, 45초에서 60초까지는 정체기(plateau)를 보였으며, 이후 20분까지 $188.28{\pm}25.03$으로 감소되었다. 결과적으로 대장균으로 뇌염증 모델을 만들 수 있고, 조영 증강 CT를 통하여 뇌염증의 특징적인 소견을 잘 알 수 있었으며, 동적 CT를 통해 염증 중앙부와 가장자리구역의 조영 양상을 알 수 있고, 동맥혈은 조영제 주입 후 10초부터 30초 까지 급격히 증가하다 정체기를 거쳐 서서히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.378-391
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• 1999

시간조화 평면파가 손실 매질내에 있는 high-contrast 구형 공동에 입사되었을 때 순방향에서 입사파 진행방향에 대해 수직인 측정면에서 계산된 입사파 분극방향(co-polarized) 총전계 전력을 주파수 평균하여 incoherent shadow 전계 전력패턴을 얻었다. 공동의 incoherent 영상은 구좌표 회전측정구조에서 얻은 incoherent shadow 전계 전력패턴을 역투시하여 얻었다. 비유전율이 2이고 도전율이 0.001, 0.003S/m인 손실매질내에 있는 공기로 채워진 구형 공동의 영상재현으로 이 영상재현법의 타당성을 보였으며, 보다 좋은 영상을 얻기 위한 조건들을 조사했다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-19
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• 2007

This study applies in case of operating an exam using by the contrast order or inputting an order of a contrast media the exam of Radiology Department. It is developed for helping decision making as regards a process of an exam from reading the creatinine value automatically linked with Laboratory Information System. It can be confirmed by real-time information; therefore, the creditability of the information is able to be improved. We will create the base for Patient Monitoring System with the data from the side effect of the creatinine value and allergies. Decision Support System minimize the inconvenience and the riskiness of the given contrast medium for CT tests. We would like to improve medical services by providing a standard circumstance where patients are able to run tests safely and comfortably.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2021

Purpose: Meconium obstruction of prematurity (MOP) predisposes premature infants to intestinal perforation and prolonged hospitalization if not diagnosed and treated promptly. A standard contrast enema is less effective to treat infants with distal ileal obstructions because the contrast may not reach the obstructed areas. In an effort to avoid risky surgery, we administered oral contrast media to seven clinically diagnosed patients with MOP whose obstructions were not relieved via conventional sonography-guided contrast enema. We retrospectively evaluated whether oral nonionic water-soluble contrast media relieves MOP. Methods: Seven of 67 premature infants with MOP were administered oral contrast media from June 2015 to January 2019. Patients were followed-up radiographically for bowel distention and evacuation of contrast media after oral administration. We recorded radiographic improvements, meconium evacuation, time to first feeding after oral contrast media administration, maternal history, and neonatal clinical factors. Results: We evaluated five male and two female infants. The median gestational ages and body weights at birth were 27⁺⁵ weeks and 890 g, respectively. Radiography in five infants revealed multiple distended intestinal loops without air-fluid interfaces. Two infants had gasless abdomens, in which only stomach gas was visible. Oral contrast media (median, 2.5 mL) were administered at a median age of 7 days; five infants (5/7, 71.4%) responded to this treatment. The remaining two infants, who had ileal stenosis and hypoganglionosis, were surgically managed. Five infants (5/7, 71.4%) had maternal risk factors, and two (28.6%) were small for gestational age. Conclusion: Nonionic oral water-soluble contrast medium can serve as a valuable adjunct treatment in premature infants with meconium obstruction.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1993

However, technical advances in ultrasono imaging have had a remarkable impact on the study of biliary system oral cholecystography is a contrast of the gallbladder which is very frequently performed even with the application of Extra Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL) in clinical use. Oral GB requires a stringent preparation if it is to be fully successful and a considerable amount of time to complete all its procedures and its objects of the radiographs. 1) to obtain a firm diagnosis of the presence of gallstones. 2) to essess function of the gallbladder that is, its ability to concentrate and store bile. After a times sequence of X-ray exposures taken in various positions to show the gallbladder to be satisfactorily filled, the patient is given a fatty meal, for instances two eggs or a cup of milk. The gallbladder which is drained by the cystic duct stores and concentrates the bile and is stimulated to contrast and excrete the bile by hormone "cholecystokinin" secreted in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate the effect of the fatty meal which caused the gallbladder to constrict and empty, and by so doing the contrast medium passes through the cystic and bile ducts which are shown in radiographs exposed from 15-30 minutes after the variety practice of fattymeal, such as soft-boiled 2 eggs, raw 2 eggs, 100g of peanuts, and 200ml of milk. If the concentration of the opaque medium in the gallbladder is adequate, then not only the size, shape and position of the gallbladder will be shown from firms taken at intervals, the rate of concentration of the opaque medium and of the emptying of gallbladder has been measured and analyzed.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2022

Although the number of computed tomography(CT) is increasing every year, it is insufficient to establish appropriate workload calculation standards of radiologic technologist to provide optimal medical services to patients, such as patient safety management and infection management. The purpose of this study is to present guidelines for calculating the appropriate workload of radiologic technologist by analyzing the work flow of CT procedures and the time required for CT examination in major hospitals. As for the study subjects and methods, the appropriate process for each step of CT examination was investigated to systematically present the process and time required for the actual examination, and the CT procedure time of 104,105 adult patients and 465 pediatric patients under the age of 6 were analyzed. For the time required, data according to the use of contrast medium, procedure type, and adult/child were collected and compared. The test time of CT examination using contrast medium took about 13 minutes when one radiologic technologist worked and about 9 minutes when two radiologic technologists worked. The time required for the procedures were statistically significant depending on the presence or absence of contrast medium, multi-phase procedure, and patient age (considering pediatric patients). As a result, in order to thoroughly perform patient safety and infection management, the appropriate workload increased by about 40% when there were two radiologic technologists. The limit workload was an average of 32 people per day with one radiologic technologist per 15 minutes, and 48 people per day with two radiologic technologist per 10 minutes. This is a marginal workload, and in the case of procedures that require more time to acquire radiographic images, the interval between reservations should be widened.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2014

본 연구는 소아 심장 전산화단층촬영 검사에서 조영제의 과다 사용을 최소화하며 피폭 선량 저감화를 목적으로 조영제의 주입속도 및 심장 도달 시간 등의 변수를 고려한 스캔 지연 시간을 경험론적 방법으로 수식화함으로써 4개의 심방과 심실이 동시 조영증강 영상을 획득할 수 있는 최적화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 소아 심장전산화단층 검사를 시행한 소아 환자 30명을 대상으로 정성적 평가, 정량적 평가, 선량평가를 실시하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 개발한 체중에 따른 조영제 양과 주입속도에 따른 스캔 지연 시간을 계산하는 경험론적 방법을 적용함으로써 왼 오른 심방과 심실의 동시 조영증강에서 소아 심장 판독에 적합한 300 HU 값 이상으로 나타났고 명확성, 선예도, 노이즈에 대한 정성적 영상 평가에서 질적 우수성을 보였으며 선량평가에서도 소아가 받는 피폭선량도 명확하게 감소되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 임상에서 조영제 과다 사용으로 인한 부작용 감소 효과를 기대 할 수 있었으며 방사선 피폭 저감화를 기대 할 수 있는 이점을 가지고 최적의 영상을 만드는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.829-831
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• 2007

This letter proposes an analytical model to characterize medium utilization in IEEE 802.11e operating in HCCA-EDCA mixed mode (HEMM). In contrast to existing works which model the backoff process in individual stations, we consider the channel occupancy pattern. Additionally, our work considers the operation of HEMM, which is not widely documented. We show that the proposed model accurately characterizes medium utilization with no more than 5% error.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Purpose : The Carotid Angio inspection including Aortic arch applied to wide area is conducted as the Contrast Enhance MR Angiography(CEA) which is using a contrast medium. However it is a burden not only for someone such as infants, pregnant women and patients suffering from kidney failure but continuous use of contrast medium also can be a burden for patients who has been taken follow up inspection since diagnose lesion already. The purpose of this study is to estimate a usefulness of the Time of Flight (TOF) by comparing with CEA. Materials and methods : 10 patients with an average age of 58 (from 45 to 75) who had MRA inspection in our hospital were studied using 3.0 Tesla Aachieva (Philips, Netherland) MRI system and Sense Neuro-Vascular 16 Channels Coil. The same patient was inspected both TOF and CEA simultaneously. The TOF inspection included from Aortic arch to Willis Circle by connecting 3 TOF stacks and so did CEA inspection. The quantitative analysis was conducted through signal to noise ratio(SNR) and contrast to noise ratio(CNR) with soft tissue by setting up an area of interest on CCA bifurcatoin, ICA, ECA, MCA and VA concerning obtained image. In case of qualitative analysis, 3 radiological technologists and 1 radiologist evaluated 4 items (1: Visibility of the blood vessel, 2: Image distortion measure, 3: Overlapping measure with vein, 4: Peripheral blood vessel description measure) into five points scale (1: Very bad, 2: Bad, 3: Normal 4: Good, 5: Very good). Results : Results for the quantitative analysis was obtained by calculating the average of 5 ROIs in case of SNR and CNR separately. Results of SNR, TOF were generally measured higher than CEA (In case of TOF were 166.1, 205.2, 154.39, 172.23, 161.95, and CEA were 92.05, 95.43, 84.76, 73.69, 88.3). But according to the result of CNR, both TOF and CEA were measured similarly as 67.62, 106.71, 55.9, 73.74, 63.46 for TOF and 67.82, 71.19, 60.52, 49.45, 64.07 for CEA. Throughout every results of each ROI, SNR showed statistically meaningful consequence (0.050.05). In case of qualitative analysis the average of each evaluated item was 4.2points and 4.28points in the item1, 2.93points and 4.55points in the item2, 4.6points and 3.13points in the item3, 2.88points and 4.6points in the item4. According to the results TOF was measured higher in the item3 while in the item2 and item4 CEA was higher and in case of the item1, both CEA and TOF were similar. To sum up statistically meaningful results (p<0.05) were shown in the item2, item3 and item4 but not in the item1 (p>0.05). Conclusions : Both TOF and CEA are complementary because each inspection has pros and cons, but when inspect wide area including Aortic arch normally CEA is conducted. But TOF inspection also can be considered as alternative in terms of patients who has difficulty in the contrast medium such as infants, pregnant women and patients suffering from kidney failure and patients during follow up.