• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.18-24
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• 2022

State highway agencies (SHAs) typically apply a competitive procurement procedure to select contractors for their design-bid-build projects. Since the level of competition affects construction bid prices and project outcomes, the Federal Highway Agency (FHWA) suggests SHAs seek ways to improve competition among contractors continuously. However, they rarely conduct an empirical assessment of the current competition level necessary to identify room for improvement. Besides the number of bidders on a project, other factors such as winning or losing rates among the contractors in previous projects can also indicate the degree of competition; only a few contractors may have won the majority of the projects in a specific region. However, few studies have investigated such factors. This paper proposes a network analysis-based approach to evaluating contractor competition levels of highway projects using historical bid tabulation data. The proposed method provides insights into overall competition levels, the determination of competitive contractors, and winning rate distribution among contractors.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.289-298
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• 2007

The development of construction industry has led to the increase in the number of criteria imposed by project clients for selecting contractors. For example, clients often request tenderers to satisfy various conditions such as tight programme, financial strength, managerial ability, relevant work experiences, technical strength, high workmanship standard, safety requirement, quality specification, and yet others. This trend has attracted research interests of devising various methods for helping project clients to assess contractors' bids. For example, in recent development, the Works Bureau of the Hong Kong Government has introduced two mechanisms in tender evaluation for various public work contracts, namely, the Marking Scheme effective from June 2002 and the Formula Approach effective from November 2002 [1], [2]. These approaches evaluate a contractor's tender by considering collectively its tender price and performance attributes, the latter including contractor experience, past performance, technical resources and technical content of his proposal. The tender with the highest combined price and performance score (CPPS) will be normally recommended for acceptance. It appears, however, that there is little existing research in helping contractors to identify a competition strategy that enables the contractor to offer his most competitive bid collectively taking into account his resource capacities and project client's multiple performance criteria. This paper examines the factors affecting contractor's competition strategy to compete for works in Hong Kong. The understanding about the factors will contribute to identifying effective competition strategy. The data used for the analysis were collected from Hong Kong construction industry. The research findings may provide valuable references for investigating effective competition strategies in other construction industries outside the region.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.417-423
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• 2005

Contractor's opportunistic bidding behavior refers to contractor's deliberate low-bid, which cannot accord with the cost, and expectation for beyond-contractual reward (BCR), the compensation earned through cutting corners or claims after undertaking the construction project. This research applies System Dynamics to develop a model of contractor's pricing with consideration for dimensions of "cost", "market competition", and "BCR". Iterative computer simulations were performed to analyze the effects of contractor's pricing on the market price. The results were then examined by statistical analysis on data collected from 44 highway projects in Taiwan. It is found that the critical force driving the contractors to bid opportunistically is their excessive expectations in BCR under the current environment. Within the price competition mechanism, if the problem of BCR exists, even if the bidding system is further improved, contractors would still prefer opportunistic bidding behavior, and eventually make the whole construction industry operate ineffectively. Therefore, it is crucial to remedy the aforementioned BCR problem by more effective management policy.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2006년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.431-434
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• 2006

일반건설업과 전문건설업의 겸업제한을 폐지하여 폐쇄적 시장구조를 개선하자는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 일반건설업과 전문건설업의 겸업 허용은 경제적 측면에서 불 때 양자의 시장을 통합하는 결과를 초래하여 한국의 시공시장에 일대 변화를 초래할 가능성이 높다. 그러나 건설시공 시장의 구조에 대한 실증적 분석에 기초한 논의는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 건설산업 정책과 관련한 합리적 논의의 기초를 제공하기 위하여 전문건설업 시장의 구조를 개방성과 경쟁성의 관점에서 실증적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 문헌연구 및 시장구조에 대한 자료를 이용한 시계열분석을 이용하여 수행되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전문건설 시장의 진입규제는 지속적으로 완화되어 일반건설업과 비교하여 상대적으로 개방성은 높은 것으로 평가된다. 전문건설 시장의 진입규제 완화에 따른 업체수 증가로 인해 전문건설업 시장의 성장률 대비 업체당 계약실적 증가율은 상대적으로 낮으며, 또한 하도급계약 낙찰율이 하락하고 있어 경쟁성은 높은 것으로 평가된다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.479-487
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• 2013

State Highway Agencies (SHAs) have started utilizing cost-plus-time bidding (A+B bidding) since Federal Highway Agency (FHWA) declared it operational on May 4, 1995. Although this technique has successfully accelerated many projects by incorporating construction time in the bidding competition, a framework to illustrate the interactions of incentive/disincentive (I/D) rates on the competitiveness of contractors participating in the bid competition is yet to be developed. In a previous research, authors indicated that for each bid competition there is an efficient cap for I/D rates which are dictated by the capabilities of contractors in project acceleration. However, the results of previous study were based on the assumption that there is a statistically significant relationship between cost and time. In this study, the entire cost-plus-time projects implemented by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) were investigated. Then the significance of relationship between cost and time were analyzed for each contractor utilizing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique, and the price-time function of each contractor was determined by regression analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a significant relationship between cost and time for the majority of contractors. However, a quadratic relationship is not always significant and for some contractors a linear price-time relationship is significant. The results of this project can be used not only by ODOT to optimize the incentive/disincentive rates but also by contractors to determine the most competitive strategies of other bid participants.

• 산업공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

CALS, being widely adopted by industry, is a strategy to share integrated digital product data through a set of standards to achieve effieciencies and competition in business. For CALS implemetation, creating a shared information system is necessary and CITIS is proposed for that. CITIS shall provide on-line access and automated exchange of all the technical information between contractor and service provider, and the function of CITIS is difined in MIL-STD-974. In this paper, regarding CITIS as a infrastructure of information for CALS, we proposed CITIS server system which comprise global data sharing software, global data management system, workflow manager, and configuration management maneger.

• 기술사
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.52-60
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• 1997

As a matter of fact, the better architecture is very important things to create our generation and culture. Also, construction quality improvement is critical necessary to keep the culture and international competition which must be obtained through the consciousness reform of persons concerned. Therefore, the purpose of this proposal is to provide the basic point for establishing a practical compaign against construction failures. In this year, we have to remember the facts that's faced on market opening in construction market which is agreed in WTO. The contents of subject are as follows : 1 ) Subconscious reform of technician and projector concerned 2) Responsable consciousness of original contractor 3) Workmanship of skilled labor 4) Reasonable budget and bidding included sub-contractor 5) Advanced design and engineering quality 6) Certification of consulting engineer

• 건축역사연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the construction industry of Korea from the 1920s to the 1930s by analyzing activities of construction-contractors trying to overcome the recession of the construction industry and intensified competition in the industry. In this paper, I looked at the activities of Hanazono Sakichi as concrete examples. First of all, with the strategy of the vertical integration, by manufacturing and selling building materials, Hanazono Sakichi expanded his company and the scope of contract business. The second, he attempted to diversify related projects. Through related diversification, he seemed to have earned not only land management profit but also advantages from related construction. These aspects were not only seen by Hanazono's activities but also by other contractors'. On the other hand, a few contractors have taken over a trust company to secure the funds for land management. Attempts to maximize personal interests through the expansion and diversification of contractors' business can be seen as overcoming the pre-1920s environment, where almost construct works were ordered under the government, and creating opportunities for the private sector to work and make profit by themselves. In the end, it can be mentioned that 'the contractor' established 'the construction industry' through this process.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.399-406
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• 2011

Various construction bonds and warranties critically burden the general contractor. Also, sporadic or cumulative delays of progress payment by the owner can further trap the contractor in a financial quagmire. Facing the possibility of cash flow deficiency and callous response from the banks, most construction firms may become financially incapable of market competition, and attractive project tenders become a bidding game among few deep-pocket players. The downside of such market environment is that the depth of pocket, rather than that of professional competency dictates the choice of market winners. In Taiwan, this has been a potential crisis to the construction industry after the financial crisis which started out since 2008. To encounter this problem, this research will examine the means to better manage the construction industry. Essentially, a credit guarantee system (CGS) is the prime solution to strengthen a bank's confidence in any particular construction firm. Thus establishing a national platform which evaluates and rewards a construction firm's overall credibility is pivotal, and this third-party rated credit can help a bank to render a loan more wisely. Finally, this paper will propose the ideal operating schemes of construction-specific CGS in Taiwan and a credit scoring prototype model for construction industry, as reference for the government and banks, respectively.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2012

본 연구는 2000년 이후부터 논의가 진행되고 있는 공공도서관의 민간위탁과 관련하여, 민간위탁이 기대한 성과를 내지 못하고 있다면, 적절한 수탁자를 선정하는 것에 실패한 것이 중요한 원인중의 하나일수 있다는 가정에서 지방자치단체의 수탁자 선정 평가요소를 살펴보았다. 지방자치단체 3곳의 실제 사례분석을 통해, 수탁자 선정에 사용된 평가항목, 평가내용 및 배점의 문제점을 분석하였으며, 사례연구와 인접분야 문헌조사를 통해 공공도서관 수탁자 선정을 위한 대안적 평가요소와 내용을 제안하였다. 공공도서관의 수탁자 선정을 위해 제시된 대안적 평가기준은 정량적평가와 정성적평간의 균형, 지역사회내 공공서비스기관으로서의 역할, 수탁기관대표와 도서관장(예정자)의 운영의지 및 전문성 등을 고려하여 5개의 대분류와 18개의 세부 평가요소로 구성하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 수탁자 선정에 필요한 평가내용을 제시함으로써 지방자치단체에 따라 혹은 수탁시기에 따라 상이하게 나타나는 공공도서관 수탁자 평가요소의 차이를 최소화하고, 적합한 수탁자를 선정하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.