• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2004

Turnkey contract system is an effective ordering system for the organizations that technical engineers are insufficient in their construction projects. It is possible to reduce project duration and to improve project Quality in an integrated contract system between design and construction. However, owners can have a difficulty caused from unitary responsibility system. This study analyzes present situation and problems of turnkey contract system in our country. The results includes various methods for improving the system based on the analysis of bid price nd selection procedure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2007

This study tries to provide concept on establishment of CM license basis, CM selection procedure and CM contract documents through a comparative study of CM services in several CM contract documents in the America. This results of study are summarized as follows; Establishment of basis on the work scopes and legal license of CM company. Establishment of CM selection and contract procedure. Preparation of CM contract documents. Preparation of CM manual.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2015

This paper considers a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer under the cap-and-trade emissions regulation and a permit supplier. We study joint production quantity and investment in reducing permit production cost decisions for centralized and decentralized supply chains. We formulate two supply chain contracts with aims to coordinate the decentralized supply chain; wholesale price contract and cost-sharing contract. Under the cost-sharing contract, the manufacturer shares a part of the investment in reducing permit production cost and then is allowed to purchase emission permit at a lower price. We analytically find that the proposed cost-sharing contract with reasonable parameters can coordinate the supply chain whereas the wholesale price contract is not desirable to achieve the system-wide profit. Numerical example is followed to support the analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.383-386
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• 2009

Contract power conversion factor which is applied to estimate contract power of industrial customers is an important standard to calculate transformer capacity. This paper shows a reasonable contract power conversion factor, that was made by the systematic and statistical way considering actual conditions, such as investigated contract power and peak power for the last 5 years of each customer for industrial customers as to AMR system. In this dissertation, it is necessary to analyze the key features and general trend from the investigated data. It made an analysis of the feature parameters, such as average, standard deviation, median, maximum. minimum and thus it was carried the linear and nonlinear regression analysis. Therefore, this paper compared characteristics for a contract power conversion factor which is applied to calculate contract power with characteristics for a regression model for customers which maximum utilization factor of transformer is more than 60%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2008

Contract power conversion factor which is applied to estimate contract power of general customers IS an important standard to caculate transformer capacity. This paper shows a reasonable contract power conversion factor, that was made by the systematic and statistical way considering actual conditions, such as investigated contract power and peak power for the last 5 years of each customer for 132 office building customers as to AMR system. In this dissertation, it is necessary to analyze the key features and general trend from the investigated data. It made an analysis of the feature parameters, such as average, standard deviation, median, maximum, minimun and thus it was carried the linear and nonlinear regression analysis. Therefore, this paper compared characteristics for a contract power conversion factor which is applied to calculate contract power with characteristics for a regression model for customers which maximum utilization factor of transformer is more than 60%.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.123-140
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to explore the unfairness of adhesion contracts for internet contents service. The internet contents were classified into six types of avatar, learning, download, e-book and movie internet sites. The adhesion contracts of internet contents service were collected in 60 internet sites. The unfairness of the adhesion contract was reviewed under the adhesion contract regulation act. The major results were as follows. First, the obligation of clear statement, explanation, and delivery was not observed completely. Second, many articles of adhesion contract were unfair and they especially violated articles 7 and 9. Therefore, the standard adhesion contract system for internet content service should be enforced and self-regulation of information service providers is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.218-219
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• 2014

The selection of an appropriate contract method is vital for the successful operation of the project. However, there has been a lack of studies on objective decision making support models for use in the planning stage of a project contract. The present study had the goal of analyzing the factors that influence contract method selection, as an initial study for developing a project contract method selection model. The existing related studies were analyzed, and the factors considered in the literature were selected. Then, based on the findings, the opinions of an expert group on the important factors for contract method selection were collected through a survey. The collected opinions were analyzed using factor analysis, a statistical analysis method. The results will be utilized in the future as preliminary data for developing a decision making model for selecting a contract method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2003

Distributed problem solving is the cooperative solution of problem by a decentralized and loosely couped collection of knowledge-sources (KS's), located in a number of distinct processor nodes. The contract net protocol has been developed to specify problem-solving communication and control for nodes in a distributed problem solver. Task distribution is affected by a negotiation process, a discussion carried on between nodes with tasks to be executed and nodes that may be able to execute tasks In this paper, we present the coordination method among distributed intrusion detection system and firewall by the contract net protocol. The method enhances the intrusion detection performance and provides the communication methods. To mode IDS and firewall, security models hue been hierarchically constructed based on the DEVS (Discrete Event system Specification) formalism. Each ID agent cooperates through the contract net protocol for detecting intrusions. The IDS which detects the intrusion informs to firewall, so the harmful network traffic is blocked. If an agent detects infusions, the agent transfers attacker's information to a firewall. Using this mechanism attacker's packets detected by In can be prevented from damaging the network.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

After entering a convergence era, South Korea Government has enacted and announced the Standard Contract on the e-Learning Content Development Project, a year and eight months has passed. Nevertheless, there has been continued still the unjust and unreasonable contract practices issues raised by project owner in the e-Learning industry. This study investigated application status of the Standard Contract via FGI and questionnaires and suggested its improvement alternative. This study analyzed that the Standard Contract has not taken root at all in ordering of the e-Learning content development project and not reaped the effect. This study presented alternatives such as mandatory application of the Standard Contract, education and outreach, introduction of the monitoring system, certification system implementation, granting of additional points in the evaluation of agencies and CEO and etc. to that standard contract is settled as the government's intentions and objectives in the e-Learning industry field.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2003

Efficient financial management is a critical factor in achieving school foodservice goals. The objective of this study was to suggest efficient financial management practices in secondary school foodservices. In pursuit of this objective, we first identified performance indexes for measuring the success of financial management. Second, we suggested financial management standards, financial data classification methods and a report system. Last, we analyzed operating ratios with the financial data of self-operated and contract-managed school food services. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from 10 middle/high school foodservices in Seoul and Kyeonggi Provincial during on-sites visits and interviews with dieticians and managers. Student participation, sales goals, re-contract frequency and number and cost of disaster loss were identified as the performance indexes for financial management. Income statements were compiled by identifying and classifying financial data. Total revenues consisted of subsidies, meal sales, other revenue and interest. Expenditures consisted of purchased food, salaries and wages, utility costs, office supplies, kitchen supplies, purchased services, company overhead indirect costs, facility investment and maintenance, facility usage expenses, employee benefits and miscellaneous. Mean price of a meal was 2,326 won at self-operated foodservices when the subsidies were included as revenues and 2,360 won at contract-managed foodservices. When including the subsidies as revenues, the operating ratios of self-operated foodservice showed that the food cost percentage was 66.9％, labor cost 23.2％, operation cost 9.9％ and profit 0％. The correspond figures at contract-managed foodservices were 57.6％, 21.5％, 15.3％, and 5.5％, respectively. Food costs in self-operated foodservices was significantly higher than that for contract-managed foodservices, however, facility investment and maintenance and facility usage expenses at self-operated foodservices was significantly lower than those for contract-managed foodservices. Based on this study, the methodology and classification system of financial data was found to be applicable to assess the financial structure of school foodservices.