• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

This study, which was conducted from Apr. 2013 to Jan. 2014, was carried out as part of a project of making a more detailed ecological zoning map with 1/5,000 scale. The necessity of electronic vegetation map with large scale has arisen in order to make the best use of basic research findings on resource monitoring of National Parks and to enhance efficiency in National Park management. In order to improve accuracy and speed of vegetation research process, the data base for vegetation research was categorized into five groups, namely broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, mixed forest, rock vegetation and miscellaneous one. And then a vegetation map for vegetation research was created for the research on the site. What is in the database for vegetation research and the vegetation map reflecting findings from vegetation research showed similar distribution rate for broad-leaved forest with 71.965% and 71.184%, respectively. The distribution rate of coniferous forest (16.010%, 15.747%), mixed forest (10.619%, 12.085%), and rock vegetation (0.015%, 0.002%) did not have much difference. In a detailed vegetation map reflecting vegetation research findings, the broad-leaved mountain forest was the most widely distributed with 60.096% based on the physiognomy classification. It was followed by mountain coniferous forest (16.332%), mountain valley forest (15.887%), and plantation forest (3.558%) As for vegetation conservation classification evaluated in the national park, grade I and grade II areas took up 200.44 km2, 61.80% and 108.80 km2, 33.55% respectively. The combined area of these two amounts to 95.35%, making this area the first grade area in ecological nature status. This means that this area is highly worth preserving its vegetation. The high rate of grade I area such as climax forests, unique vegetation, and subalpine vegetation seems to be attributable to diverse innate characteristics of Odaesan National Park, high altitude, low level of artificial disturbance, the subalpine zone formed on the ridge of the mountain top, and their vegetation formation, which reflects climatic and geological characteristics, despite continuous disturbance by mountain climbing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.997-1001
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• 2009

GIS 기반의 HEC-HMS를 이용하여 유량자료가 있는 소하천인 정자천 유역을 대상으로 장기 강우 유출 분석을 하였다. 일반적으로 홍수량 산정은 단기해석으로 분석하나 평 갈수기와 홍수기 때의 하천 유황이 다르기 때문에 매개변수가 불일치할 것이라 생각되고, 이에 대한 보정이 필요한지 판단이 필요하다. 이를 위해 장기 연속모의를 통하여 매개변수의 보정 필요성을 검토하였다. 연구는 수치지도를 조합하여 ARC-VIEW로부터 Map파일 및 Basin파일을 생성하였고, 토지이용도와 토양도를 ARC-VIEW를 이용하여 CN value를 추출하였다. 계산조건중 손실량 산정방법은 SCS Curve Number법으로 하였고, 단위도 방법은 Clark UH법, 하도추적방법은 Muskingum방법, 기저유량산정방법은 Constant monthly로 설정하였다. 유역면적, 도달시간자료, 저류상수 값 등의 추출은 GIS기법을 이용하여 추출하였다. HEC-HMS의 장기 연속모의(Continuous Simulation)로 얻어진 Element Graph를 보면 대략적인 형태가 일치하나 2006년도에 대한 모의에서는 홍수기의 결과만 일치하는 것으로 보이고, 2007년도에 대한 모의에서는 평 갈수기와 홍수기의 그래프 형태가 유사하게 나타났다. 실측 유량보다 유량 값이 약간 크게 산출되어 홍수량 산정에서 볼 때 안정성에 무리가 없다고 판단되지만, 평 갈수기 기간에서 볼 때 연마다 하천의 매개변수가 일치하지 않는다고 생각되며, 홍수 후 유역의 변화로 매개변수가 변화한 것이라 생각된다. 향후 정자천유역의 보다 많은 강우사상과 실측유량을 통해 HEC-HMS의 유출량을 비교 분석하면 보다 더 정확한 해석이 가능할 것이며, 홍수가 빈번한 지역의 경우 유수지의 검토와 저수지의 시간당 방류량을 알 수 있다면 오차의 범위를 줄일 수 있다고 생각된다. 더 나아가 우리나라에 적합한 매개변수와 GIS 프로그램이 개발된다면 보다 쉽고 정확한 해석이 가능할 것이라고 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.405-416
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• 2021

Background: This study investigated the effect of intrathecal Sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG) on the p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-related inflammatory responses, and autophagy in a spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain model. Methods: The continuous administration of intrathecal SOG via an osmotic pump was performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) with SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Rats were randomized into four groups after the 7th day following SNL and treated for 2 weeks as follows (each n = 10): Group S, sham-operated; Group D, 70% dimethylsulfoxide; Group SOG96, SOG at 96 ㎍/day; and Group SOG192, SOG at 192 ㎍/day. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) test was performed to assess neuropathic pain. Western blotting of the spinal cord (L5) was performed to measure changes in the expression of signaling pathway components, cytokines, and autophagy. Additional studies with naloxone challenge (n = 10) and cells were carried out to evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of SOG. Results: Continuous intrathecal SOG administration increased the PWT with p38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition, which induced a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines with the concomitant downregulation of autophagy. Conclusions: SOG alleviates mechanical allodynia, and its mechanism is thought to be related to the regulation of p38/JNK MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, associated with autophagy during neuroinflammatory processes after SNL.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2018

Recently, mainly in downtown, there have been frequent safety incidents in underground space like ground subsidence and land sinking. Out of diverse coping measures, the government is carrying forward the establishment of underground space integrated map. As a core element of the underground space integrated map, the 3D geotechnical information is used as major data of underground space impact assessment obliged in accordance with the "Special Act on the Safety Control of Underground Space Safety". The construction method of 3D geotechnical information is drawn when establishing the basic establishment plan of underground space integrated map, and the continuous construction is performed by the Integrated DB Center of National Geotechnical Information. However, it is necessary to draw concrete measures with accuracy, efficiency, and utilization. This study drew the construction plan considering the accuracy, utilization, and efficiency of 3D geotechnical information for the support of underground space safety. For this, accuracy between elevation and underground level is compared using MVS and MakeJiban which are software to construct boring information with geotechnical information in geotechnical information portal system. In the results of general analysis, the milepost-based construction of whole strata in a lump would be the most suitable in the aspect of accuracy, utilization, and efficiency. Based on the results of this study, Plan to construct 3D geotechnical information will be pursued.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2E
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• pp.31-37
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• 1998

This paper proposes a feature extraction method using wavelet transform for speech recognition. Speech recognition system generally carries out the recognition task based on speech features which are usually obtained via time-frequency representations such as Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Linear Predictive Coding(LPC). In some respects these methods may not be suitable for representing highly complex speech characteristics. They map the speech features with same may not frequency resolutions at all frequencies. Wavelet transform overcomes some of these limitations. Wavelet transform captures signal with fine time resolutions at high frequencies and fine frequency resolutions at low frequencies, which may present a significant advantage when analyzing highly localized speech events. Based on this motivation, this paper investigates the effectiveness of wavelet transform for feature extraction of wavelet transform for feature extraction focused on enhancing speech recognition. The proposed method is implemented using Sampled Continuous Wavelet Transform (SCWT) and its performance is tested on a speaker-independent isolated word recognizer that discerns 50 Korean words. In particular, the effect of mother wavelet employed and number of voices per octave on the performance of proposed method is investigated. Also the influence on the size of mother wavelet on the performance of proposed method is discussed. Throughout the experiments, the performance of proposed method is discussed. Throughout the experiments, the performance of proposed method is compared with the most prevalent conventional method, MFCC (Mel0frequency Cepstral Coefficient). The experiments show that the recognition performance of the proposed method is better than that of MFCC. But the improvement is marginal while, due to the dimensionality increase, the computational loads of proposed method is substantially greater than that of MFCC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.976-978
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• 2005

We present a nearly optimal ($O(\nu\;min(\nu,\;n)n\;log\;n)$ time and O(n) srace) algorithm that constructs a shortest path map with n isothetic roads of speed $\nu$ under the $L_1$ metric. The algorithm uses the continuous Dijkstra method and its efficiency is based on a new geometric insight; the minimum in-degree of any nearest neighbor graph for points with roads of speed $\nu$ is $\Theta(\nu\;min(\nu,\;n))$, which is first shown in this paper. Also, this algorithm naturally extends to the multi-source case so that the Voronoi diagram for m sites can be computed in $O(\nu\;min(\nu,\;n)(n+m)log(n+m))$ time and O(n+m) space, which is also nearly optimal.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2014

This research presents an A* based algorithm which can be applied to Unmanned Ground Vehicle self-navigation in order to make the driving path smoother. Based on the grid map, A* algorithm generated the path by using straight lines. However, in this situation, the knee points, which are the connection points when vehicle changed orientation, are created. These points make Unmanned Ground Vehicle continuous navigation unsuitable. Therefore, in this paper, B-spline curve function is applied to transform the path transfer into curve type. And because the location of the control point has influenced the B-spline curve, the optimal control selection algorithm is proposed. Also, the optimal path tracking speed can be calculated through the curvature radius of the B-spline curve. Finally, based on this algorithm, a path created program is applied to the path results of the A* algorithm and this B-spline curve algorithm. After that, the final path results are compared through the simulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2001

The physiological role of brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the central regulation of grass intake in sheep was investigated through a continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of NPY at a dose of $5{\mu}g/0.2ml/hr$ for 98.5 hours from day 1 to day 5. Sheep (n=5) were fed for 2 hours once a day, and water and 0.5 M NaCl solution were given ad libitum. Feed intake during ICV NPY infusion increased significantly compared to that during ICV artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion. Water and NaCl intake during ICV NPY infusion remained unchanged. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and plasma osmolality during ICV NPY infusion were not significantly different from those during ICV CSF infusion. On the other hand, plasma glucose concentration during ICV NPY infusion increased significantly compared to that during ICV CSF infusion. The results suggest that brain NPY acts as a hunger factor in brain mechanisms controlling feeding to increase grass intake in sheep.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

It is well known that multipoint and computerized intraoperative mapping systems improve the results of surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and show tremendous potential for opening an entirely new era of surgical intervention for the more common and lethal types of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias such as atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. In addition, the ability to map and ablate the sometimes fleeting automatic atrial tachycardia is greatly enhanced by computerized mapping systems. In this study, we have developed 64 channel computerized data analysis system using microcomputer (Macintosh ${II}_{x}$) for basic research of electrophysiology and electrical propagation. The bipolar electrogram information is acquired from 64 cardiac sites simultaneously at a sampling rate of 1 ksampls/sec with continuous and total data storage of up to 30 seconds. When the reference electrogram is selected and reference point is picked up, delay time from the reference point is displayed on two dimensional diagram of the heart. System design permits easy expansion to almost 256 simultaneous sites. this system is expected to enable us to study pathophysiology of cardiac arrhythmia and to improve the result of diagnosis and surgical treatment for cardiac arrhythmia.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.499-507
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• 2006

Recently human gait has been considered as a useful biometric supporting high performance human identification systems. This paper proposes a view-based pedestrian identification method using the dynamic silhouettes of a human body modeled with the Hidden Markov Model(HMM). Two types of gait models have been developed both with an endless cycle architecture: one is a discrete HMM method using a self-organizing map-based VQ codebook and the other is a continuous HMM method using feature vectors transformed into a PCA space. Experimental results showed a consistent performance trend over a range of model parameters and the recognition rate up to 88.1%. Compared with other methods, the proposed models and techniques are believed to have a sufficient potential for a successful application to gait recognition.