• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to confirm that the difference in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) during exercise of the spending the same calories between the continuous and interval exercise. [Methods] Thirty-four healthy college students who did not regularly exercise volunteered to participate in our study. Continuous exercise was performed on an ergometer for 30 min at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO_{2 max}). Interval exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer at 80% VO_{2 max} for 2 min initially, followed by 40% VO_{2 max} for 1 min, and 80% VO_{2 max} for 3 min. This was repeated six times for a total of 26 min. [Results] The major findings were as follows: (1) energy consumption during exercise was not significantly different between continuous exercise and interval exercise groups; (2) EPOC was higher in interval exercise than in continuous exercise for all dependent variables (i.e., total oxygen consumption, total calories, summation of heart rate); and (3) there were no significant differences in the lipid profile between continuous and interval groups. [Conclusions] Our study confirmed that after equalizing energy expenditure for continuous and interval exercise on a cycle ergometer in subjects in their twenties, interval exercise results in higher EPOC than continuous exercise. These data suggest that interval exercise may be more effective than continuous exercise in reducing body fat, for a given amount of energy expenditure.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2006

Prolonged immobilization leads to significant weakness and atrophy of the skeletal muscle and can also impair the recovery of muscle strength following injury. Therefore, it is important to minimize the period under immobilization and accelerate the return to normal activity. This study examined the effects of combined heat treatment and rest-inserted exercise on the muscle activity of the lower limb during knee flexion/extension. Twelve healthy subjects were assigned to 4 groups that included: (1) heat treatment + rest-inserted exercise; (2) heat treatment + continuous exercise; (3) no heat treatment + rest-inserted exercise; and (4) no heat treatment + continuous exercise. Heat treatment was applied for 15 mins prior to exercise. Continuous exercise groups performed knee flexion/extension at 0.5 Hz for 300 cycles without rest whereas rest-inserted exercise groups performed the same exercise but with 2 mins rest inserted every 60 cycles of continuous exercise. Changes in the rectus femoris and hamstring muscle activities were assessed at 0 and 2 weeks of treatment by measuring the electromyography signals of isokinetic maximum voluntary contraction. Significant increases in both the rectus femoris and hamstring muscles were observed after only 2 weeks of treatment when both heat treatment and rest-inserted exercise were performed. These results suggest that combination of various treatment techniques, such as heat treatment and rest-inserted exercise, may accelerate the recovery of muscle strength following injury or immobilization.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.447-459
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• 2019

이 연구는 비활동 여성 30명을 대상으로 중강도 지속 운동(moderate-intensity continuous exercise; MICE)과 고강도 인터벌 운동(high-intensity interval exercise; HIIE) 시 감정적 반응과 신경전달물질의 차이를 규명하기 위해 실시되었다. 두 집단 모두 설계된 일회성 트레드밀 운동을 실시하였고, 동일한 운동을 1주일 간격으로 총 3회 반복 실시하였다. MICE는 환기역치(VT) 50% 수준에서 5분간 준비운동 후 90%VT 수준에서 25분간 지속운동을 실시하였고 다시 50%VT 수준에서 5분간 정리운동을 실시하였다. HIIE는 115%VT 수준에서 2분간 6회 반복하였고, 중간의 운동성 회복은 85%VT 수준에서 2분간 4회 반복하였다. 통계분석결과 MICE는 첫 번째 실험에서 운동 중 감정반응과 운동 후 즐거움에 대해 긍정적으로 나타났지만 세 번째 실험에서는 부정적으로 나타났다. 반대로 HIIE는 첫 번째 실험에서 운동 중 감정반응과 운동후 즐거움에 대해 부정적으로 나타났지만 세 번째 실험에서는 긍정적으로 나타났다. 신경전달물질의 경우 3번의 실험에서 두 집단 모두 운동전에 비해 운동 10분 후 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 종합해볼 때 비활동 여성에게 HIIE 운동이 운동순응을 높이는 전략이 될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국웰니스학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 분할운동이 골격근에서 세포사멸 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 연구하는데 있다. 연구대상은 ICR계 마우스를 분할운동집단, 연속운동집단, 통제집단 이상 세집단으로 분류하여 연구를 수행하였다. 분할운동집단은 주3회 오전, 오후 15분씩, 연속운동집단은 주3회 30분씩 휠 런닝을 16주간 저강도로 실시 한 후 골격근에서 세포사멸 유전자 발현의 차이를 구명하기 위하여 수집된 자료는 일원변량분석을 이용해 집단간 차이를 검증하였으며 분할운동이 세포사멸관련 유전자에 얼마만큼 영향을 미치는지를 확인하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 m-RNA모두 분할운동집단이 높게 나타나 세포사멸의 유전자 발현은 연속운동집단과 분할운동집단이 통제집단보다 유의한 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.512-517
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• 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage which is caused by the impact of external mechanical forces. TBI can lead to the temporary or permanent impairment of physical and cognitive abilities, resulting in abnormal behavior. We recently observed that a single session of early exercise in animals with TBI improved their behavioral performance in the absence of other cognitive abnormalities. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of continuous exercise during the early stages of TBI in rats. We found that continuous low-intensity exercise in early-stage improves the locomotion recovery in the TBI of animal models; however, it does not significantly enhance short-term memory capabilities. Moreover, continuous early exercise not only reduces the protein expression of cerebral damage-related markers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), S100β, Protein Gene Products 9.5 (PGP9.5), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), but it also decreases the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAX and cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, exercise training in animals with TBI decreases the microglia activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as CCL20, IL-13, IL-1α, and IL-1β. These findings thus demonstrate that early exercise therapy for TBI may be an effective strategy in improving physiological function, and that serum protein levels are useful biomarkers for the predicition of the effectiveness of early exercise therapy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4234-4243
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• 2010

치매의 특성상 집중력 결핍, 불안, 긴장 등으로 운동지도 현장에서 치매 고령자에게 운동을 지도하는데 어려움이 따른다. 이에 운동시간을 배분하여 실시하는 방법인 간헐적 운동을 제시하고자 한다. 연속적 운동과 간헐적 운동이 기능적 체력, 인지기능 및 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 이들을 위한 적절한 운동 처방의 자료로 활용하는데 있다. 대상자 선정은 B광역시 A치매전문요양원에 거주하고 있는 여성 고령자로 DSM-IV 기준에 따라 확정적 치매의 진단을 받은 자이다. 연속적 운동군 6명, 간헐적 운동군 5명으로 총 11명을 최종 대상자로 선정하였다. 손발운동, 한국무용과 밴드운동을 실시하였다. 주 3회, 총 12주간 실시하였다. Borg's scale을 이용하여 준비 및 정리운동은 RPE 7-9, 본 운동은 RPE 11-13의 수준으로 실시하였다. 연속적 운동군은 1일 1회 30분간, 간헐적 운동군은 1일 3회 10분씩 총 30분간 실시하였다. 모든 자료는 SPSS Ver. 18.0을 사용하여 평균값과 표준편차를 산출하고, two-way repeated ANOVA를 실시하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 기능적 체력과 인지기능에서 시기간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 일상생활수행능력에서 시기에서 차이가 없었다. 모든 항목에서 집단, 시기${\times}$집단은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 연속적 운동군과 간헐적 운동군의 효과가 유사하게 나타났다. 이는 모든 치매환자에게 일반화시키기에는 제한이 있지만 운동시간 배분에 있어 연속적 운동방법과 유사하게 간헐적 운동의 방법도 경증치매환자의 운동처방에 유효한 자료가 될 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.415-420
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• 1999

Objectives: We investigated the effects of changes in obesity and life style factors, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise, on the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol among Korean men. Methods: This study included 7,205 healthy male employees in the steel manufacturing industry. Each subject underwent health examination in 1994 and was re-examined in 1997. The study subjects were classified into four categories, according to changes in body mass index (BMI) (loss; stable; mild gain: severe gain), cigarette smoking (quitter; nor-smoker; smoker continued; smoker started), alcohol drinking (quitter; non-drinker; drinker continued; drinker started) and exercise (more exercise; continuous regular exercise; continuous irregular or no exercise; less exercise), respectively. We evaluated the relationship between the categories of change in those independent variables and the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol, adjusted for BMI in 1994 and age by analysis of variance. Results: The change in systolic blood pressure was positively associated with the changes in BMI (p<0.001) and drinking (p=0,001), but negatively with smoking (p=0,004), compared to the first category of each independent variables. The systolic blood pressure was significantly less increased in the continuous smoking group than quitter or hon-smoker. The changes in diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol appeared to have statistically significant linear relationships only with the change in BMI. The change in exercise showed a marginal significance with diastolic blood pressure (p=0.088). Conclusions: These prospective data emphasize the importance of obesity as a determinant of the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol. In addition, the changes in smoking and drinking habits can affect systolic blood pressure.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of virtual reality-based continuous slow exercise on muscle strength and dynamic balance capacity, in older adults over 65 years of age. Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were randomly divided into two groups; a Virtual Reality (VR) exercise-group ($67.8{\pm}4.1$ yrs) and a Control group ($65.5{\pm}5.2$ yrs). The VR group participated in eight weeks of virtual reality exercise, utilizing modified Tai-Chi provided by a motion capture system, and the Control group had no intervention. The hip muscle strength and dynamic balance of the members of both the VR group and the Control group were measured at pre- and post-intervention, using a multimodal dynamometer, and backward stepping test, respectively. Results: 1. After the 8-week VR-based exercise, the VR group showed significant improvement of hip strength, compared to the control group: hip extension (p=0.00), flexion (p=0.00), abduction (p=0.00), and adduction (p=0.00). 2. After the 8-week VR-based exercise, the VR group showed significant improvement of dynamic balance capacity as ground reaction force, compared to the control group. Eyes opened backward stepping test: Fx (+) (p=0.00), Fy (-) (p=0.02), Ver (+) (p=0.02) direction. Eyes closed backward stepping test: Fx (+) (p=0.04), Fy (-) (p=0.04), Ver (+) (p=0.03) direction. Conclusion: The VR group showed improvement of their hip muscle strength, and dynamic balance capacity. Therefore VR-based continuous slow exercise would contribute to reducing the risk of falls in the elderly.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to verify exercise effect of horse riding exercise according to estimate basal physical fitness and activities of daily living(ADL) function in the aged. Participants were nineteen peoples who have no impediment of activity. They performed horse riding exercise using SRider(Neipplus, Co., Korea) at sixty minutes a day. Exercise has progressed three days a week for eight weeks. We measured trunk flexion, sit up, whole body reaction, leg strength and maximal oxygen uptake as basal physical fitness. Also three meter gait, single stance with eyes opened and single stance with eyes closed as ADL function were estimated once a month. The result of legs strength and whole body reaction showed the higher significantly than before the exercise. Moreover, the result of three meter walking ability only increased significantly among the ADL function. This means that horse riding exercise might be activated continuous muscular contraction with maintained tonus of muscle. We thought that continuous movement of horse riding could be lead to isometric muscle contraction in lower limbs. Our study found that horse riding exercise could improve lower strengths and muscle reaction for exercise effect. Also we suggested that horse riding exercise could be adapted to exercise methods that could provide rehabilitation and treatment enough for the aged or disabled person.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) between different types of exercises in women with normal weight obesity (NWO). [Methods] Nine university students with NWO having body mass index <25 kg/m² and body fat percentage >30% participated in the study. First, continuous exercise (CEx) on an ergometer for 30 minutes at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) and interval exercise (IEx) at 80% VO_2max for 2 minutes were performed. This was followed by exercise performed at 40% VO_2max for 1 minute and at 80% VO_2max for 3 minutes, performed 6 times repeatedly for a total of 26 minutes. The accumulation of short duration exercise (AEx) was performed for 3-bouts of 10 minutes each at 60% VO_2max. [Results] The major findings were as follows: energy consumption during the exercises showed no significant difference between CEx, IEx, and AEx; EPOC was higher in IEx and AEx as compared to CEx for all dependent variables (e.g. total oxygen consumption, total calorie, summation of heart rate, and EPOC duration); and the lipid profile showed no significant difference. [Conclusions] Our study confirmed that when homogenizing the energy expenditure for various exercises in NWO individuals, EPOC was higher in IEx and AEx than in CEx. Therefore, IEx and AEx can be considered as effective exercise methods for increasing energy expenditure in NWO females.