• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.867-873
• /
• 2015

유기자재의 토양 중 질소 무기화 특성을 구명하기 위해 유박(CF-I, CF-II), 아미노산(AAF-I, AAF-II)을 각각 처리하여 28주간 항온시험을 실시하였다. 항온기간 동안 누적 질소 무기화량을 1차 반응 속도식(first-order kinetics)에 적용하여 잠재적 질소무기화량($N_0$)를 평가 한 결과 AAF-II에서 27.71 N mg/100g로 가장 높았으며, CF-I에서 21.69 N mg/100g로 가장 낮았다. 그리고 잠재적 순질소무기화량($N_0$ treatment - $N_0$ control)은 CF-I, CF-II, AAF-I, AAF-II 처리에서 각각 2.55, 5.83, 3.66, 8.57 N mg/100g으로 나타났으며, 28주 동안 실제 질소무기 화량의 97.3-112.9%에 해당되었다. 특히 유박, 아미노산을 처리한 토양의 유기태 질소의 무기화 반감기($t_{1/2}$)는 17-21일로 유박과 아미노산 비료에 포함된 질소는 3주 이내에 무기화되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 유기농업에 이용되는 유박과 아미노산에 함유된 질소의 1/2는 3주 이내에 모두 무기화되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.300-304
• /
• 1994

고추장의 유통기간 중 품질변화를 예측하기 위하여 숙성 완료된 고추장을 $13^{\circ}C$, $27^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ 에 저장하면서 품질의 변화를 측정하였다. 수분, 조단백질, 캡사이신함량은 저장 중 거의 변화하지 않았으나, 아미노태질소, 표면색도, pH는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 암모니아태질소, 산도는 증가하였다. 이러한 증감현상은 저장온도가 높을수록 더욱 뚜렷하여 저장 온도가 고추장의 품질변화에 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 총균수는 저장온도 및 기간의 증가에 따라 큰 변화는 보이지 않았으며, 진균류는 검출되지 않았다. 이화학적 품질 특성과 관능검사와의 상관관계를 구한 결과 아미노태질소의 변화가 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 저장기간에 따른 아미노태 질소값의 변화율은 1차 반응식으로 해석되었음, 반응상수로부터 계산된 $Q_{10}$값은 2.98이었다. 또한, Arrhenius equation을 이용하여 활성화에너지를 구한 결과 15.84 Kcal/mole인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2007

Acrylamide has been found in many foods. Acrylamide in foodstuffs were analyzed by a GC/MS after bromination of acrylamide or by a LC/MS for underivatized acylamide. Time consuming and laborious clean up procedures is applied for the purification of the extract, in these methods. In this study, a simple and fast method without clean up step for the analysis of acrylamide in mainstream cigarette smoke was developed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and the effects of tobacco leaf constituents on acrylamide content was observed. The analysis of acrylamide in mainstream cigarette smoke started to collect TPM (total particulate matter) from smoking and to extract by 0.1 % acetic acid solution and then to detect by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray in the positive mode. The recovery of acrylamide in 2R4F reference cigarette was 98 % and the reproducibility was 2.5 % and the limit of detection was 1.6 ng/mL. Reducing sugars and amino acids are considered to be main precursors of acrylamide in foodstuffs. Cut tobacco contain substantial amounts of reducing sugars and amino acid which may be explained the occurrence of acrylamide in mainstream cigarette smoke. The effects of reducing sugars and total nitrogen studied in an experiment with a various tobacco types. This result indicated that reducing sugars are not limiting factor for acrylamide formation, but the level of acrylamide in cigarette smoke was significantly correlated with the total nitrogen contents.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.501-511
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of applying levels of Bestamin, animal amino acid, on growth and quality of hot pepper and physicochemical properties of soil. Treatment was given with 200, 400, 800, 1600kg per 10a to control of Bestamin, difference of physicochemical properties was lower than Bestamin, and $P_2O_5$ seems to be reduced, also $K^+$, $Ca^{++}$ were obviously low compared to the control. The content of $NO_{3-}N$ was low compared to control at the Bestamin treated plot. Plant height was longest at 800 treatment and main stem length, main stem weigh and the number of leaves were significantly different with 400 and 800 treatment. No difference was found among the fruit weight, length, diameter in first harvest, but there was significantly different at control of 2nd, 3rd harvest and more increased than 400 and 800 treatment. Fruit weight per plant was the heaviest at 400 and 800 treatment, and the number of fruit was no difference at red pepper but increased with 400 and 800 at green pepper, and yield per 10a was significantly increased to 4503.6kg and 4582.5kg, respectively. Nitrogen in mesophyll accumulation content was obviously reduced at Bestamin treatment compared to control, and amino acid was reduced with control.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.1069-1079
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to confirm the following effects of non-meat binders (NMB) on proximate composition, pH, cooking yield, amino acids, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and correlation of pork emulsified sausages during refrigerated storage. The following groups of sausage samples were manufactured: Control (non-addition), BBP (1% bovine blood plasma); PBP (1% porcine blood plasma), EWP (1% white egg powder), CPPP (1% commercial porcine plasma powder), ISP (1% isolated soy protein), SP (1% seaweed powder), and SC (1% sodium caseinate). When NMB was added, ISP, SP, and SC showed higher heating yields while PBP showed lower heating yields than the control. As a result of amino acid analysis, PBP, CPPP, and SC showed significantly higher serine content than the control. EWP and SC showed significantly lower TBARS values than the control group, and VBN did not exceed 20 mg% in any treatments until the 5^th week. These results demonstrate that SC is a NMB that can lower TBARS value while improving heating yield and serine content.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1990

As a series of investigation on the ex-N compounds, the amino acid composition of the naturally grown and cultured prawn meat extracts was analyzed according to the following extraction conditions: 70% ethyl alcohol extraction, alcohol treatment of the same concentration after hot water extraction for 30 min, and 5% TCA treatment. The Protein content and the level of pure protein was 22 .8% and 18.4% in naturally grown prawn muscle, and 21.8% and 15.3% in the cultured prawn muscle, respectively. None protein nitrogenous compounds of the extracts were 4.4% in the naturally grown prawn muscle and 6.5% in the cultured prawn muscle, respectively. According to the different extract condition, ex-N compounds and the amino acid composition and related compounds and the amino acid composition and related compounds showed high level from 5% trichloroacetic acid extraction. The content of ex-N compounds of the cultured prawn muscle was 1033.0mg%. whereas the content of amino acids and related compounds-N was 825.3mg%, nearly reached to 80% to the total extractive nitrogen. A common feature of the free amino acid composition in the extracts of the muscles of the naturally grown and cultured prawn was high contents of glycine, proline, taurine, alanine and hydroxyproline.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2000

To standardize quality characteristics of commercial doenjang prepared by traditional method, general components, organic acids, amino acids and fatty acid composition were investigated. Moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, titratable acidity (expressed as milliliter of 0.1 N NaOH), acid value and salinity were 54.7%, 13.8%, 8.0%, 14.4mL, 45.7mg/g and 11.8%, respectively. The content of amino type nitrogen was 345.3mg% (w/w) in the range of 207.6 to 443.5mg% being 1.1~2.2-fold for all samples. Average value of Hunter color for L(lightness), a(redness) and b(yellowness) were 37.4, ＋9.7 and ＋21.3, respectively. Browning index value(expressed as optical density at 425 nm) of water-soluble compound(2.58) was above 7.1 times higher than that of the water-insoluble compound(0.38). Total contents of free and total amino acid were 3.81 and 9.72%, respectively, and then the former(1.1~3.7 times) was more different in all samples tested than that of the latter(1.1~2.0 times). Among amino acids, glutamic acid was abundant and its content of free and total amino acids was 0.57 and 1.24%, respectively. Of organic acids, lactic acid was the most abundant being 0.34%(average) and ranged from 0.15 to 0.86%. Linoleic acid(52.17%, as area%) was the highest content of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 83.89 and 61.189%, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acid was markedly different among all samples and ranged from 51.52 to 64.91%.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.382-387
• /
• 2001

Characteristics of six commercial samjangs were analyzed such as proximate composition, free amino acids, organic acids and free sugars. Also color, taste and odor were evaluated by 36 panelists. They were composed of moisture content 41.4-48.4%, crude protein 9.2-10.4%, crude fat 2.2-3.4%, pH 5.3-5.7, amino nitrogen 194.0%-375.6 mg% and sodium chloride 7.7-9.1%. Total free amino acids of samjangs were 975.89-2304.98 mg%. Glutamic acid was the highest amino acid among free amino acids as 231.7-788.01 mg%. Proline, arginine, alanine and lysine were higher than other free amino acids while histidine, cystine and methionine were lower than other. Eleven free amino acids including glutamic acid were the highest in samjang (B) which contained more doenjang than any other makers did. Total organic acids were 401.01-640.27 mg%. 69.65-269.07 mg% of succinic acid was the highest among organic acids. Lactic acid was the highest in samjang (F) which was home made. Total free sugars was the highest in samjang (A) which contained more wheat flour than any other makers did it. Glucose was 9.30-23.99% and fructose was nd-2.69%. The result of proximate composition showed a different pattern comparing with that sensory evaluation. Samjang (A) which contained less salt showed the highest overall acceptability while samjang (F) which contained more dark color, more salt was the lowest one among the samples.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.751-759
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate quality characteristics of red bean gochujang prepared with different ratios of meju for eight weeks. We determined quality characteristics such as pH, moisture content, total microbial flora counts, amino-type nitrogen content, total polypenol content, and antioxidant activity. The pH decreased by fermentation period, whereas total acidity was 0.36~0.39% in the early stage of fermentation, 0.63~1.16% at four weeks of fermentation, and decreased to 0.43~0.65% after the eighth week of fermentation. Moisture content of the control (no red bean, no rice) decreased 62.13% to 50.93%, but in case of the treatment, it slightly decreased. Total cell counts revealed similar tendency at the beginning of fermentation, and at eight weeks of fermentation. In case of lactic acid bacteria, all samples except RB-1.5 (gochujang added meju made of mixing ratio of rice:soybean:red bean (1:2:1.5) slightly increased. Amino nitrogen and total polyphenol of all samples increased in the fermentation period, especially RB-1.5 sample had the highest levels than other samples. By increasing the amount of red bean, DPPH radical scavenging activities increased. In taste sensing analysis, all treat samples except RB-1.5 revealed lower sourness than the control. Also, in case of bitterness, all samples revealed low content than the control. So, by adding red bean, it can enhance taste and function of gochujang.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.340-349
• /
• 2011

창난 젓갈의 숙성 과정 중 미생물 및 자기소화효소 작용을 조사하기 위해 7.5% 소금 첨가 저염 젓갈과 20% 소금 첨가 고염 젓갈을 시험 제조하여 각각 항생물질을 첨가한 것과 첨가하지 않은 것에 대한 생균수 및 화학성분의 경시적 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 창난 젓갈의 숙성 과정 중 일반성분의 변화는 거의 없었으며, 7.5% 소금 첨가 저염 젓갈에 있어서 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 각각 76.31%, 14.66%, 0.87% 및 7.80%이었고, 20% 소금 첨가 고염 젓갈의 경우, 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 각각 66.10%, 12.75%, 0.56% 및 20.32%이었다. 7.5% 소금 첨가 저염 젓갈의 경우, 제조 직후의 생균수는 $10^5$ CFU/g이었으며, 항생물질을 첨가하지 않은 것은 숙성 5일째 $10^7$ CFU/g으로 급격히 증가하였으나, 항생물질을 첨가한 것은 숙성 3일째까지 $10^4$ CFU/g으로 감소하였다가 숙성 5일 이후부터 $10^6$ CFU/g을 유지하였다. 20% 소금 첨가 고염 젓갈의 경우, 제조 직후의 생균수는 $10^3$ CFU/g이었으나 항생물질을 첨가한 것이나 첨가하지 않은 것 모두 숙성 45일째까지 감소하여 균의 집락이 관찰되지 않았으며, 그 이후부터 다시 서서히 증가하기 시작하였다. 7.5% 소금 첨가 저염 젓갈에 있어서 pH의 변화는 항생물질을 첨가하지 않은 것은 숙성 적정기인 5일 째에는 pH 6.35 정도를 나타내었으나 그 이후부터는 pH 7.0 이상으로 급격히 상승하였고, 항생물질을 첨가한 것은 숙성 과정 중 pH 6.45에서 6.35 정도로 거의 변화가 없었다. 20% 소금 첨가 고염 젓갈에 있어서 pH 변화는 항생물질을 첨가한 것이나 첨가하지 않은 것이나 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 숙성 적정기인 45일째까지는 서서히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 그 이후에는 큰 변화가 없이 pH 6.05 정도로 유지되었다. 7.5% 소금 첨가 저염 젓갈의 경우 제조 직후의 아미노태 질소 함량은 76.3 mg%이었으나, 적정 상태인 숙성 5일째에 항생물질을 첨가하지 않은 것은 283.5 mg%로, 항생물질을 첨가한 것은 208.0 mg%로 각각 증가하여 두 시료간의 차이는 75.5 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. 20% 소금 첨가 고염 젓갈의 경우 제조 직후의 아미노태 질소 함량은 57.2 mg%이었으나, 숙성 60일째에 항생물질을 첨가하지 않은 것은 198.3 mg%로, 항생물질을 첨가한 것은 162.0 mg%로 각각 증가하여 두 시료간의 차이는 36.3 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. 7.5% 소금 첨가 저염 젓갈의 경우 항생물질을 첨가하지 않은 것은 숙성 7일째에 VBN 102.1 mg%, TMA-N 20.5 mg%로 부패하였으며, 항생물질을 첨가한 것은 숙성 21일이 경과하여도 VBN 60.0 mg%, TMA-N는 검출되지 않아 부패하지 않았다. 또한 20% 소금 첨가 고염 젓갈에 있어서도 항생물질을 첨가하지 않은 것이 VBN 37.2 mg%, TMA-N는 검출되지 않아 부패하지 않았다. 따라서 창난 젓갈의 숙성 과정 중 미생물의 생육이 크게 억제되는 조건인 고염젓갈이나 저온에서 숙성한 젓갈에 있어서는 숙성 시 자기소화효소만의 작용이 주로 관여하고 있으나, 실온에서 숙성한 저염 젓갈의 경우는 자기소화효소 이외에 미생물의 작용도 크게 기여하고 있으며, 자기소화효소는 젓갈의 숙성에 그리고 미생물의 작용은 젓갈의 부패와 변질에 각각 보다 크게 기여하고 있는 것으로 생각되었다.