• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2009

A farming area located near an abandoned copper mine in GuPo-ri, Choongchung province is heavily contaminated with heavy metals such as As, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn of which concentrations are higher than the values typically detected in Korean soil environment. In this work, laboratory and field studies were conducted to examine feasibility of using Ca-citrate-phosphate solution in stabilizing heavy metals in the polluted soils. In laboratory batch experiments with field soil, the addition of Ca-citrate-phosphate solution resulted in decrease of aqueous phase concentration of phosphate and improvement of heavy metal stabilization, compared to those for sterilized soil samples. This indicates that microbial uptake of phosphate may have provided positive effects on availability of phosphate toward heavy metal stabilization. According to microbial community analysis for the field experiment, the use of Ca-citrate-phosphate led to increased diversity of microbial populations, and strict anaerobic microorganisms such as Anaerofilum and Treponema became the most dominant populations in the solution-amended field experiments. These findings suggest that, when Ca-citrate-phosphate is used for heavy metal stabilization in soils, microbial processes may have important roles in improving the stabilization of heavy metals by providing reducing conditions to the treatment locations or/and by making phosphate available to heavy metal stabilization.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2013

This study was conducted to analyse the effectiveness of shading on growth and arsenic absorption of Pteris multifida, known as hyperaccumulator of arsenic, from paddy soils contaminated with heavy metals. Study was carried out in paddy soil polluted by arsenic near the former Janghang smelter. P. multifuda in the same growth stage was planted with $20{\times}20cm$ intervals in each experimental plot ($2{\times}2m$), and cultivated for 24 weeks. The growth of P. multifuda according to shading conditions was evaluated, the accumulated amount of arsenic in plants and arsenic variation in the soil was analyzed using ICP. In the result of this study, the growth of P. multifida cultivated under shading treatment was vigorous than non-shading. Accumulated amount of arsenic in aerial parts of P. multifida cultivated under non-shading ($169.8mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) was slightly higher than shading ($140.9mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), and those in underground part were almost the same. But the growth was great in 70% shading treatment. Therefore, arsenic contents absorbed from soils was much higher in shading treatment. Arsenic translocation rate (TR) of P. multifida was very high (0.87~0.89) regardless of shading conditions. So arsenic in soil could be efficiently eliminated by removal of aerial parts.

• Water for future
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.49-60
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• 1991

As a second part of the study entitled "Field Measurement and Analysis of Fluvial Sediment in the Cheongmi-Strea", this study concerns mineralogical and contaminative characteristics of sediment particles collected at Wonbu-Gyo and Hanpyeong-Gyo in the Cheongmi-Stream. The mineralogical analysis of the bed sediment collected reveals that, in general , quarz is the most abundant mineral found in sands with feldspars and rock fragments in the next, which confirms what is known in the literature. The shape factor of sand particles is about 0.7, which also agrees to what is known in the foreign literature. The analysis also reveals that the clay particles collected are composed mainly of illite, kaolinate, and chlorite. The analysis of contamination reveals that there is no substantial difference between the contents of organic material and heavy metals in the surface water and those in the pore water beneath the river bed. It is because the sampling for this analysis was conducted right after the September flood during which the fresh top soil from the upstream watershed replaced the old bed sediment and pore water that would probably be more contaminated. The contents of geavy metals in the bed sediment of sand particles do not exceed those in the soils adjacent to the river. For fine sediment such as clays, however, the contents of heavy metals, especially of mercury and zinc, far exceed those in the soils adjacent to the river. These fine sediments are transported downstream in the form of wash load and deposited in part on flood plains, which could be a new source of contaminants.taminants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 2002

Application of phytoremediation in the polluted area to remove undesirable materials is a complex and difficult subject without detailed investigation and experimentation. We investigated the accumulation patterns of cadmium and lead in plants naturally grown, the bioavailability of plants to accumulate these toxic metals and the responses of P. thunbergii to cadmium and lead. The soil samples contained detectable lead (＜$17.5_\mu$g/g), whereas cadmium was not detected in the soils of study area. The whole body of Persicaria thunbergii contained detectable lead (＜320.$8_\mu$g/g/g) but cadmium was detected only in the stem (＜7.$4_\mu$g/g/g) and root (＜10.$4_\mu$g/g/g) of P. thunbergii. Cadmium was not detected in Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata, whereas lead was detected in T. japonica (＜323.$7_\mu$g/g/g) and N. peltata (＜177.$5_\mu$g/g/g). Correlation coefficient between lead content in soil and in these plant samples represented positive correlation. The total content of lead in each plant sample increased in the order of N. peltata$\leq$P. thunbergii

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.33-37
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• 2004

Soil samples used in this study were taken from the site at which diesel spill accident had occurred in 1995. It was confirmed that all of soil samples were contaminated with diesel which was going on weathering. The concentrations of diesel in soils were determined by Korea standard method revised in July 1999 (Method 1) and US EPA method 8015b (Method 2). Some additional soil samples were analyzed with Korea standard method revised in July 2002 (Method 3) to compare the accuracy and reproducibility with Method 2. The only four of forty-six samples were determined when the analysis carried out according to Method 1 while forty-three of forty-six samples had the value above criterion (2000mg kg$^{-1}$ ) according to Method 2. There were no significant differences between the results of the analysis by Method 2 and Method 3. Based on these results, Method 2 and 3 were more appropriate than Method 1 for the determination of weathered diesel in soil. Method 2 had almost equivalent accuracy and reproducibility to Method 3.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.20-28
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• 2021

Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs), an emerging environmental pollutant, are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative organic compounds that possess a toxic impact on human health and ecosystems. PFCs are distributed widely in environment media including groundwater, surface water, soil and sediment. PFCs in contaminated solid can potentially leach into groundwater. Therefore, understanding PFCs partitioning between the aqueous phase and solid phase is important for the determination of their fate and transport in the environment. In this study, the sorption equilibrium batch and kinetic experiment of PFCs were carried out to estimated the sorption coefficient(K_d) and the fraction between aqueous-solid phase partition, respectively. Sorption branches of the PFDA(Perfluoro-n-decanoic acid), PFNA(Perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid), PFOA(Perfluoro-n-octanoic acid), PFOS(Perfluoro-1-octane sulfonic acid) and PFHxS(Perfluoro-1-hexane sulfonic acid) isotherms were nearly linear, and the estimated K_d was as follow: PFDA(1.50) > PFOS(1.49) > PFNA(0.81) > PFHxS(0.45) > PFOA(0.39). The sorption kinetics of PFDA, PFNA, PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS onto soil were described by a biexponential adsorption model, suggesting that a fast transport into the surface layer of soil, followed by two-step diffusion transport into the internal water and/or organic matter of soil. Shorter times(<20hr) were required to achieve equilibrium and fraction for adsorption on solid(F₁, F₂) increased with perfluorinated carbon chain length and sulfonate compounds in this study. Overall, our results suggested that not only the perfluorocarbon chain length, but also the terminal functional groups are important contributors to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between PFCs and soils, and organic matter in soils significantly affects adsorption maximum capacity than kinetic rate.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.619-628
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of calcium sulfate fertilizer as a stabilizing agent for As and Hg contaminated farmland soil and its stabilization characteristics in 3 different physical forms (particulate, powder, and solution) through a pot experiment including 34 days of lettuce growth. As and Hg contents of the lettuce grown in the stabilized soils were decreased by at least 70%. However the lettuce yield of the soil stabilized with the solution agent was decreased by 46% due to the overabundance of the nutrients from the solution agent. Thus, if a solution-type agent is planned for agricultural farmland soil stabilization, additional tests for optimal dosage are needed to preserve vegetation growth. In Hg fractionation, a lower concentration of elemental fractions and a higher concentration of residual/sulfide fractions were identified in the soils stabilized with the solution, powder, and pariculate agents in descending order while there were no significant changes in As fractionation. Overall results suggest that calcium sulfate fertilizer can be used as a stabilizing agent, and a solution-type agent could be used when the operation of heavy machinery for the soil stabilization process is impossible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.324-333
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• 1997

The research has been made for the effects of the pollution by the abandoned coal mine drainage on the physical and chemical properties of soil, stream sediment and soil water. The soils overspreaded by the abandoned coal don't develop solum and the bulk density is $1.83g/m^3$, compared with $1.14-1.38g/m^3$ in the other forest soils. The soil pH range in coal bearing region ie, from 4.01 to 4.11 and non-coal bearing soil range is from 5.03 to 5.13. Heavy metals such as As, Cr, Ni, Mo and Ba of coal bearing soils and polluted stream sediments have larger concentration than those of non-coal content and non-polluted. Especially As and Mo concentrations are largely high in coal bearing. The relative ratios $K_2O/Na_2O$ of geochemical elements are higher in coal bearing soil and polluted stream sediments than those of non-coal bearing soils and non-polluted stream sediments as well as black shales of the Changri Formation. However, $MgO+Fe_2O_3+TiO_2/CaO+K_2O$ are the opposite trends, so that the ratios are lower in the polluted regions. The soil water pHs in the polluted regions are the strong acid(pH3.4-4.2) and buffer capacity of the polluted soil is low because canons such as $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{+2}$are leached by the acidification.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-105
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• 2003

토양오염기준은 토지이용별 또는 오염노출경로별 오염토양의 조사, 평가 및 복구를 위한 유용한 지침으로 이용될 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 한국을 포함한 몇몇 국가의 토양오염기준을 특히 중금속에 주안점을 두고 검토하였다. 또한 국내 일부 폐광산 지역의 환경오염 조사결과를 토양오염기준과 비교하며 평가하였다. 영국, 네덜란드, 독일, 캐나다, 일본 등의 국가에서는 복구우선순위 선정과 인체건강 및 생태계 보전을 위한 오염토양의 선별수단으로 토양오염기준을 개발하여 왔다. 국내에서는 1996년 토양환경보전법(시행규칙)의 시행에 따라 토양 오염기준 설정과 특정토양오염유발시설의 관리, 정기적 토양오염도 조사를 실시하고 있으며 이후 2001년 보완 개정되어 토양오염물질의 확대적용과 토양오염 조사, 관리 및 복원 방법의 보완이 이루어진 바 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현 중금속(Cd, Cu 및 Pb)의 오염기준을 적용할때 폐광산 지역의 폐기물과 이에 오염된 토양의 경우 다량의 중금속을 함유하고 있지만 오염지역으로 규정되지 않을 수도 있다. 이 연구 결과, 0.1N 염산용출법은 중금속의 토양 내 화학적 형태 중 일부 교환성 및 환원성 형태만을 추출하며 황화물 형태를 충분히 용출하지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장기적인 환경조건 변화에 따른 토양 내 중금속의 용출성 변화를 평가하기 위해서는 강산추출법이 요구되어진다. 따라서 폐광산지 역의 중금속에 의한 토양오염의 타당한 환경평가 결정을 위해 현 분석기법 외에 총함량 분석방법의 병행적용과 이에 따른 새로운 오염기준 설정 등이 필요한 것으로 제시되었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

To investigate the effect of aircraft traffic emissions on soil pollution, metal levels were analyzed for 8 metals (Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Cd) from the vicinity of the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport in Delhi, India. The texture of the airport soil was observed to be sandy. Among the metals, Cd showed minimum concentration ($2.07{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), while Fe showed maximum concentration ($4379{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$). The highest metal accumulation was observed at the landing site. Significant correlations were observed between metals and different textures (sand, silt, and clay) as well as with organic carbon (OC). The results indicate that grain size play a major role in OC retention in soil and subsequently helps in adsorption of metals in soil. M$\ddot{u}$ller's geoaccumulation index (I-geo) showed that airport soil was contaminated due to Cd and Pb with the pollution class 2 and 1, respectively. Pollution load index of the airport site was 1.34-3 times higher than the background site. The results of factor analysis suggested that source of the soil metal is mainly from natural weathering of soil, aircraft exhaust, and automobile exhaust from near by area. With respect to Dutch target values, the airport soils showed ~3 times higher Cd concentration. The study highlighted the future risk of enhanced metal pollution with respect to Cd and Pb due to aircraft trafficking.