• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

Pruritus (itching) is classically defined as an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that leads to scratching behavior. Although the scientific criteria of classification for pruritic diseases are not clear, it can be divided as acute or chronic by duration of symptoms. In this study, we investigated whether skin injury caused by chemical (contact hypersensitivity, CHS) or physical (skin-scratching stimulation, SSS) stimuli causes initial pruritus and analyzed gene expression profiles systemically to determine how changes in skin gene expression in the affected area are related to itching. In both CHS and SSS, we ranked the Gene Ontology Biological Process terms that are generally associated with changes. The factors associated with upregulation were keratinization, inflammatory response and neutrophil chemotaxis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway shows the difference of immune system, cell growth and death, signaling molecules and interactions, and signal transduction pathways. Il1a, Il1b and Il22 were upregulated in the CHS, and Tnf, Tnfrsf1b, Il1b, Il1r1 and Il6 were upregulated in the SSS. Trpc1 channel genes were observed in representative itching-related candidate genes. By comparing and analyzing RNA-sequencing data obtained from the skin tissue of each animal model in these characteristic stages, it is possible to find useful diagnostic markers for the treatment of itching, to diagnose itching causes and to apply customized treatment.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.843-851
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• 1995

To observe the effect of Demodex canis infection on the cellular immune response and hematological profile, 8 Doberman pinschers experimentally infected with D cains and 4 uninfected control dogs were sensitized with 2, 4-dinitro-chlorobenzene(DNCB) on the skin and were challenged with DNCB 14 days after the initial sensitization to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Histological and hematological changes of these dogs were then observed. Macroscopic changes of skin challenged with DNCB in D canis-infected dogs included significantly reduced area of allergic reaction(p<0.05) than in uninfected control group. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the D canis-infected group was also significantly reduced(p<0.05) than in the uninfected control group. These changes indicated that the cell-mediated immune response of the animals was suppressed by the infection with D canis. Total white blood cell count in dogs infected with D canis was increased when dogs were sensitized with DNCB (p<0.01). The result appeared to be caused by stress due to D canis infection, secondary bacterial infection and decreased efficacy of general body defense system. Blood eosionophils were increased in D canis-infected dogs which appreared to be caused by the allergic contact dermatitis. Blood chemistry analysis revealed that total protein and globulin were increased(p<0.05), while albumin level was decreased. This result appeared to be caused by secondary bacterial infection.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 1996

The aim of this study was to assess the allergenic potential of 0.3% DA-5018 cream, a non-narcotic analgesic agent, using a guinea pig maximization test. Five male and female guinea pigs in the experimental group were sensitized in two steps. First, ,0.3% DA-5018 cream was injected intradermally, and 7 days later, the material was applied topically. After another 2 weeks test material was applied, the skin response was evaluated by visual observation. Five male and female guinea pigs served as cream base group, negative(ultreated) group or positive (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, DNCB) group, respectively. 0.3% DA-5018 cream provoked slight erythema in 1 out of 5 cases in male and female guinea pigs sensitized with 0.3% DA-5018 cream or cream base. The animals challenged with cream base also showed slight erythema in 1/5 female guinea pig sensitized with 0.3% 3A-5018 cream or 2/5 male guinea pjgs sensitized with cream base, respectively. Histologically, however, no indication of skin sensitization was observed in all of these cases. The positive control group was sensitized with 0.1% DNCB suspended in olive oil and challenged with 0.01% and 0.1% DNCB ointment, all the animal showed remarkable skin reactions and obvious skin sensitization reactions in a dose dependent manner. From the challenge test it was evident that 0.3% DA-5018 cream did not elicit positive skin reaction interpreted as delayed hypersensitivity reactions, compared with cream base or untreated control group. These findings indicate that allergenic side effects by 0.3% DA-5018 cream is not likely in the clinical use.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2002

The functional disruption of Langerhans cells (LC) by UVB radiation is involved in antigen-specific immunosuppression of contact hypersensitivity. We tested whether UVB radiation inhibits the endocytotic activity of LC, which leads to impaired subsequent migration and maturation. Human monocyte-derived LC that took up lucifer yellow (L Y) or FITC-dextran (Fd) exclusively migrated in response to 6Ckine and matured. Exposing LC to 10-40 mJ/cm$^2$ of UVB radiation reduced their endocytotic activity in fluid phase pinocytosis (measured by uptake of LY) and in receptor-mediated endocytosis (measured by uptake of Fd). Membrane ruffling and CD32 expression were also suppressed by UVB radiation. UVB-irradiated, endocytosing LC had less movement towards 6Ckine, expressed less CD54 and CD86, and had less effective stimulatory activity in allo-MLR than nonirradiated, endocytosing LC. Endocytosis up-regulated TNF-$\alpha$ production by LC, but prior UVB radiation inhibited this enhancement. The finding that impaired endocytosis of LC by UVB radiation inhibits subsequent migration and maturation was also confirmed in murine epidermal cells obtained from unirradiated and 2OmJ/cm$^2$ of UVB-irradiated skin.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2009

TSAd/Lad is a T cell adaptor molecule involved in $p56^{lck}$-mediated T cell activation. To investigate the functions of TSAd in T cells, we generated transgenic (TG) mice expressing the SH2 domain of TSAd (TSAd-SH2) under the control of the $p56^{lck}$ proximal promoter. In T cells from TSAd-SH2 TG mice, T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated early signaling events, such as $Ca^{2+}$ flux and ERK activation, were normal; however, late activation events, such as IL-2 production and proliferation, were significantly reduced. Moreover, TCR-induced cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and migration through ECM proteins were defective in T cells from TSAd-SH2 TG mice. Furthermore, the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction, an inflammatory response mainly mediated by T helper 1 (Th1) cells, was inhibited in TSAd-SH2 TG mice. Taken together, these results show that TSAd, particularly the SH2 domain of TSAd, is essential for the effector functions of T cells.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1998

The improvement of esthetic dentistry has been accelerated from the development of composite resin and dentin-enamel adhesive since 1980's. The indirect composite resin restorations have more accurate proximal contact point and occlusal form than direct restoration. And the side effect of resin shrinkage is minimal because the amount of composite used in oral cavity is limited in cement space. As a results, marginal leakage, hypersensitivity, secondary caries, and discoloration are significantly diminished. The first generation laboratory composite resin used in indirect resin restoration had been widespread in 1980's and the second generation laboratory composite resins were developed in 1990's. The second generation laboratory composite resins are called Ceramic Polymer. The physical properties of Ceramic Polymer are improved because of high content of inorganic filler, and the esthetics and biocompatibility are better than that of the first generation resin. So the application range using composite resin have been broadened. The purpose of this paper is to introduce Targis & Vectris system that is classified to second generation laboratory composite and to report several cases in which the system was utilized for restoration.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1990

정상 마우스와 Cyclophosphamide(CY)로 처리된 마우스에 Royal Jell(RJ)를 투여하여 면역계에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정상 마우스에 RJ를 투여하였을 때는 대조군에 비하여 마우스의 체중, 비장, 흉선 , WBC 수 , DNFB에 대한 접촉성 과민 반응으로 측정된 세포성 면역반응 및 면양 적혈구에 대한 응집가와 용혈가로 측정된 체액성 면역 반응이 투여일에 따라 증가 또는 감소되었고, RBC수와 간 중량은 영향을 받지 않았다. 2. 증가 작용을 보여준 투여일에 RJ를 병용 투여함으로써, CY 처리로 인한 마우스의 생존율, 비장의 중량 , WBC수 및 세포성 면역 반응의 감소가 약간 억제되었으나, CY를 감소된 흉선의 중량 및 체액성 면역반응에는 영향을 나타내지 않았다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2009

Nanoparticulate platinum (II) (nano Pt) is a powerful antioxidant that is widely used to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant activity of nano Pt has gained attention as a potentially useful therapeutic for a variety of diseases including cancer and aging. In the present study, we prepared nanoparticulate saponin-Pt (II) (nano saponin-Pt) conjugates using the ethanol reduction method to enhance the permeability and retention effect of Pt. The nano saponin-Pt conjugates were found to restore the viability of approximately 40% of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we found that nano saponin-Pt conjugates acted as a potent antioxidant that reduced the production of ROS and inhibited activation of the MAP kinase pathway and MIP-2 gene expression in response to DNFB. These results provide insight into the potential usefulness of nano saponin-Pt conjugates as a treatment for contact hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.136-149
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• 2001

Objetives : This study was done to evaluate the antiallegic effect of medicinal acupuncture solution of Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr. et Maxim;abbreviated as ASMA), studies were done experimentally. Methods : For this aim MTT assay, anaphylaxis reaction, DTH, histamine release, IgE production and vascular permability was evaluated. Results : ASMA didn't show an effective cytotoxicity on the mouse lung fibroblast. It insignifcantly suppressed histamine release from mast cells induced by compound 48/80, while it significantly reduced IgE production and SRBC-challenged DTH(Delayed type hypersensitivity). ASMA effectively suppressed anaphylactic reaction induced by compound 48/80. However, it didn't inhibit vascular permeability and contact dermatitis significantly. Conclusion:Medicinal acupucture solution had antialletgic effects. Acanthopanax senticosus medical acupuncture depress the allergy reaction. Especially in anaphylactic type, the effect was good.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2008

To investigate the effects of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) on the cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunotoxicity, hemagglutinin titer (HA-titer), splenic IgM plaque forming cells (PFC) and contact-delayed type hypersensitivity (CDTH) were assessed in mice. Ge-132 was orally administered alone (single dose of 300, 600, 900 mg/kg b.w.) or with CY (10 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) to mice on the 2nd day before, simultaneously with, the 2nd day after immunization. Within Ge-132 alone-treated groups, HA-titer and PFC to SRBC were significantly and dose-dependently enhanced when compared with control group. HA-titer and PFC numbers suppressed by the treatment of CY alone were significantly restored by the concomitant treatment of CY and Ge-132. Also, Ge-132 significantly decreased DNFB-induced CDTH and inhibited the CY-enhanced CDTH. These results indicate that Ge-132 may be able to increase humoral immunity and inhibit the immunotoxicity by CY.