• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.1923-1932
• /
• 2019

Objective: We investigated visual marbling level (VML) influence on pork loin physicochemical traits, consumer palatability responses, VML liking, purchase intent, and their relationships. Methods: For each of five slaughtering dates, at 24-h postmortem, nine paired Duroc castrated male boneless Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were categorized into low (LM, score 1 to 2, n = 3), medium (MM, score 3 to 4, n = 3), and high (HM, score 5 to 6, n = 3) VML. Meat physicochemical quality traits and consumer responses (n = 389) on palatability and VML liking, and purchase intent were evaluated. The experiment was in randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple mean comparisons, and correlation coefficients were determined. Results: VML correspond to crude fat (r = 0.91, p<0.01), but both were reversely related to moisture content (r = -0.75 and -0.91, p<0.01, respectively). As VML increased, ash (p<0.05) and protein (p = 0.072) decreased, pH and $b^{\star}$ increased (p<0.05), but drip, cooking (p<0.05) and thawing (p = 0.088) losses decreased. Among treatments, muscle fiber diameter, sarcomere length, total and insoluble collagen contents, $L^{\star}$, and $a^{\star}$ did not differ (p>0.05). Compared to the others, HM had lower collagen solubility percentage (p<0.05), but similar (p>0.05) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). No differences (p>0.05) were found in juiciness, overall flavor, oiliness, and overall acceptability, but HM was more tender (p<0.05) than the others. Based on VML, consumers preferred MM to HM (p<0.05), while LM was similar to MM and HM (p>0.05). Corresponding to VML preference (r = 0.45, p<0.01), consumers (83%) would (p<0.01) definitely and probably buy MM, over LM (74%), and HM (68%), respectively. Conclusion: Increasing VML in pork LD altered its chemical composition, slightly increased pH, and improved water holding capacity, thereby improving its tenderness acceptability. Marbling might reduce chewing resistance, as lower collagen solubility in HM did not impact tenderness acceptability and WBSF. While HM was rated as most tender, consumers visually preferred and would purchase MM.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.157-172
• /
• 2004

The results of this study has been split into two components, On set of results addressed the strategy of developing a Agility for maintenance consumer. The other set of results addressed the strategy of illuminating the successful measurement and concepts formed during the maintenance problem solving process, especially in the context of the Logistics Information system by aggregation information space. This paper presented a classifiable elements of Agility & Measurement of logistics capability in the Korea market. These concepts are positioned in a framework to give a better understanding what the consequences are of the changing business environment. The developments towards more globalization which leads to centralization and mass individualization that has a tendency to go more in the decentralized solutions, seems to be in contradiction. we will focus a proposal of Logistics information system and demand management decisions that should be a prime concern of any profit maximizing firm, unready strategy of investment. and we will prove the facts that it could be a guiding company which has a ability of cooperation with entities through the founding of supply chain, On the conclusion, we will show the variation which influences for capacity entities and alternative proposal to define a element which influnce for a cause and effect basically.[5]

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2000

An EMERGY analysis of the main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems consists of environmental energies, fuels, and imports, all expresses as solar emjoules. Total EMERGY use(720.0 E20 sej/yr) of the Nakdong River Basin is 96 per cent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. EMERGY flows from the environment such as rain and geological uplift flux accounted for only 4 percent of total EMERGY use. Consequently, the ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources was large, like other industrialized areas. EMERGY use per person in the Nakdong River Basin indicates a moderate EMERGY standard of living, even though the indigenous resources are very poor. Population of 6.66 million people in 1996 is already in excess of carrying capacity of the basin. Carrying capacity for steady state based on its renewable sources in only 0.226 million people. EMERGY yield ratio and environment loading ratio were 1.07 and 28.52, respectively. EMERGY sustainability index, a ratio of EMERGY yield ratio to environment loading ratio, is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. This study suggests that the economic structure of the Nakdong River Basin should be transformed from the present industrial structure to the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept for the sustainable use of the Nakdong River.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.601-609
• /
• 2013

One of the most serious factors constraining the next generation cellular mobile consumer communication systems will be the severe co-channel interference experienced at the cell edge. Such a capacity-degrading impairment combined with the limited available spectrum resource makes it essential to develop more spectrally efficient solutions to enhance the system performance and enrich the mobile user's application services. This paper proposes a unique hybrid method of frequency hopping (FH) and subcarrier-reuse-partitioning that can maximize the system capacity by efficiently utilizing the available spectrum while at the same time reduce the co-channel interference effect. The main feature of the proposed method is that it applies an optimal combination of different frequency reuse factors (FRF) and FH-subcarrier allocation patterns into the partitioned cell regions. From the simulation results, it is shown that the proposed method can achieve the optimum number of subcarrier subsets according to the frequency-reuse distance and results in better performance than the fixed FRF methods, for a given partitioning arrangement. The results are presented in the context of both blocking probability and BER performances. It will also be shown how the proposed scheme is well suited to FH-OFDMA based cellular systems aiming at low co-channel interference performance and optimized number of subcarriers.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Virtual reality's impact on fashion distribution extends beyond singular transactions, facilitating the emergence of novel collaborations. As investigating the characteristics of fashion distribution channels in virtual reality, this study explores how the fashion industry can utilize virtual reality distribution channels to their maximum capacity while minimizing potential disadvantages. Research design, data, and methodology: The approach used to gather previous studies for this study adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. This method is widely acknowledged and recommended for its systematic and transparent approach to selecting relevant literature. This kind of literature search plays a vital role in a systematic evaluation as it informs the results. Results: The finding indicates consistently a total of eight kinds of characteristics of fashion distribution channels in virtual reality. The result means that the attributes of fashion distribution channels in virtual reality are causing significant changes in the fashion industry, revolutionizing the consumer experience, and redefining the parameters of creativity and collaboration. Conclusions: In sum, the global reach and accessibility of modern technology enhance the capacity of fashion companies to expand their market presence. This facilitates their participation in intercultural interactions and allows them to serve a wide range of customers.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.112-134
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the consumer's expectation before the health care service and the consumer's satisfaction after it. The participants of the study are inpatients in a general hospital located in Seoul. The resources were collected from the self-administration questionnaire survey run parallel with face to face interview. In order to measure the degree of the consumer's expectation, 349 samples were collected from the first questionnaire survey on the date of admission to the hospital. The second questionnaire survey was carried out on the date of discharge to the hospital with the participants responding to the first questionnaire survey. There are 154 samples collected from this survey. The results from the analysis of these resources are as follow. First, the survey shows that one of the highest consumers' expectations was about the generosity, kindliness and sincerity from the staff at the hospital, specially from doctors. Second, according to the analysis of the factors affecting the expectations of the consumers, with regard to path of admission to a hospital relating to patient's features, outpatient who gets into a hospital expected good medical care much more than the other patients. In regard of doctor's features, patients usually and highly expect good medical care from doctors who have good carrier and much experience. Third, according to the second questionnaire survey, what patients are satisfied most with is about the generosity and sincerity from staff at a hospital, especially from doctors and their gem attitudes. The results from survey show that the differences among the degree of consumers' satisfaction are very variable, depending on surrounding environments and facilities. The only fact that expectation didn't meet with satisfaction appeared to the case about technology and skill of medical care and the case about updated medical skills and equipments. Fourth, comparing the degree of expectation with the degree of satisfaction of consumers, correlative analysis was concerned significantly and specifically about the part of overall cleanliness relating to facilities and surrounding environments, the items about medical examination and test plan procedure relating to skill of medical care, professional specialties and convenience for procedure, and the items about satisfying explanations and concern about patients from doctors relating to staff's generosity and sincerity. Fifth, the analysis of the factors affecting the degree of how much patients are satisfied with shows that relating to sociodemographical features, patients are not satisfied with the case when the time and process of medical treatment are getting longer. It is surveyed that consumer were satisfied with the motivation to visit a hospital and the insurance type in patient's feature and so were the medical department and the factor of the degree of the expectation in disease's feature. Sixth, according to analysis based on the survey, patients would join again a hospital when they get satisfaction from the medical care and also they want to come again regarding to doctor's capability. For example, when doctors are old, have a good carrier and much experience, patients would come again. As seen from the above, consumers are usually satisfied with the medical treatment more than that they expected before. They would intend to use again when they get satisfaction from the medical care provided at a hospital. Patients and consumers highly expect good attitude as well as capacity from medical doctors and they are also generally satisfied with those things. Therefore, in order to increase the degree of consumer's satisfaction and their intention to come again, the hospital staff would have to commit themselves to achieve high quality service continuously and would have to make an effort to offer the finest quality service.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2002

개인주의와 개방주의 가치관으로 무장한 21세기형 신세대이며 정보화의 선도계층인 Y세대, N세대, N세대 등이 X세대에 이어 새롭게 등장하였다. 이 신세대들은 그 어느 때보다 자신들만의 감성을 중요시하며, 자신의 개성적인 이미지 창출과 욕구해소를 위한 방편으로 감성을 만족시켜주는 제품만을 선호하는 구매행동이 나타나고 있다. 이들 신세대의 디지털제품에 대한 선호는 과거의 획일적, 규격적인 제품으로부터 관심이 멀어지고 좀 더 새롭고, 자신들만이 가질 수 있는 다종다양한 상품의 요구로 인해 그들의 감성에 대응할 수 있는 신 개념의 제품차별화가 필요하게 되었다. 과거에는 부모님의 취향이나 제품의 가격에 의해서 구매가 결정되었지만, 21세기에는 거의 모든 제품들은 이들 세대에 의하여 구매되거나 주 사용대상이 되므로 디자인 전반이 그들의 소비감성에 맞추는 방향으로 될 것이다. 그러므로 제품을 개발하는데 있어 대상 소비자의 의식적 상태, 즉 욕망(Wants)과 욕구(Needs)를 충족시킬 수 있는 소비자 지향적이고 인간의 감성에 중점을 둔, 새 천년의 소비와 유행의 주역이 될 신세대에게 만족을 줄 수 있는 디자인개발과 전략연구가 절실하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1090-1097
• /
• 2017

Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), an herbal medicine found in East Asia, was extracted and further fractionated to investigate its antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects. The RVS ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction had the highest level of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity among all solvent fractions tested. Pretreatment of PC-12 cells with the EtOAc fraction effectively attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction significantly attenuated caspase-3 activity, resulting in inhibition of $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis. We identified and quantified fustin, sulfuretin, and butein in the EtOAc fraction using accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The intracellular antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly increased in PC-12 cells treated with the EtOAc fraction and with individual flavonoids. When cells were pretreated with the EtOAc fraction or individual flavonoids and then co-incubated with diethyldithiocarbamic acid (an inhibitor of SOD activity), cell viability against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress was attenuated. These results suggest that the RVS EtOAc fraction and its flavonoid constituents protect PC-12 cells against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity through their antioxidant properties.

• 정보화정책
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.64-93
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 국가 경제발전에 있어 이론적으로 중요시되고 있는 국가 정보화 요소가 실제로(Empirically) 국가경제 발전에 영향을 미치는 지를 통계적 검정을 통해 밝히고자 '수요공급균형모형' 에 따라 IT 공급 변수, IT 수요 변수, IT 정책(투자) 변수로 연구 모형을 구성하였다. 더 나아가 경제적, 사회적으로 강조되고 있는 국가 발전 중요 요인들을 조절 변수로 설정하여 국가정보화 변수의 종속변수에 대한 조절효과의 여부 및 그 의미를 교차분석을 통해 보여 주었다. 이를 통해 본 연구에서는 정치적 사회적으로 국가발전에 중요한 요인으로 강조되었던 국가 투명성과 소비자물가 변화, 국가교육지수가 국가 정보화 변수가 국가경제발전에 미치는 효과를 조절하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 즉 독립변수인 국가정보화가 국가경제력 발전에 긍정적이고 효과적인 기여를 할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 국가투명성을 제고하고, 소비자물가를 적정한 수준에서 관리할 필요가 있음을 분석 결과 알 수 있었고 국가 경제력발전에 있어 정보화 교육이 지식정보사회에 있어 매우 중요함을 통계적으로 밝힐 수 있었다. 마지막으로 향후 지식정보사회에서 개별국가들이 국가경제발전을 도모하기 위한 국가정보화정책을 수립함에 있어 참고해야 할 정책적 시사점을 도출해 봄으로서 연구를 마무리하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.1817-1823
• /
• 2020

Objective: The increasing consumer awareness of food, which can provide health benefits and potentially aid disease prevention, has become the driving force of the functional food market. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicken genotype on the macronutrient content, bioactive peptide content, and antioxidant capacity within different breast meat. Methods: In this experiment, three genotypes of chicken, Thai indigenous, black-boned, and broiler (control), were reared with commercial feed under the same conditions. Thirty chickens were slaughtered at typical market age and the breasts were separated from the carcass to determine macronutrient content using the AOAC method. The antioxidant capacities of the chicken breasts were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant assays and the protein pattern was investigated using gel electrophoresis. Carnosine and anserine, which have antioxidant properties in animal tissue, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results showed that breast meat from Thai indigenous chickens had a greater macronutrient content and higher antioxidant capacity compared with the other genotypes (p<0.05). The protein pattern was similar between genotypes, however Thai indigenous chickens had the greatest myosin and actin content (p<0.05). In addition, carnosine and anserine values were greatest in the black-boned and Thai indigenous chickens compared with the broiler genotype (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thai indigenous chicken breast meat may be classified as a functional food as it has good nutritional value and is rich in antioxidant peptides.