• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.22-35
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• 2022

Purpose: Physician's occupational burnout has been a very important issue that can cause negative consequences not only for individual's physical and mental health, but also for patient's health and the overall national healthcare system. For the reason, this study confirmed how consultation length and the number of outpatients affect physician's occupational burnout in the medical environment. Methodology: In the study, the data of '2020 Korean Physician Survey' conducted by Korean Medical Association(KMA) was used for the analysis, and a total of 4,215 physicians were selected as study samples. The differences in the degree of occupational burnout according to the physicians' general characteristics were confirmed through uni-variate analysis, and also a regression analysis was conducted to confirm the effects of consultation length and the number of outpatients on physician's occupational burnout. Findings: As a result. the overall degree of physician's occupational burnout decreased(𝛽=-0.051, p<0.01) as the consultation length increased. Specifically, the physician's emotional exhaustion increased(𝛽=0.051, p<0.01), while the reduction of accomplishment decreased(𝛽=-0.131, p<0.001). Furthermore, the overall occupational burnout decreased(𝛽=-0.047, p<0.01) as a proportion of advice and education during the consultation increased, and it had an effect on the decrease in depersonalization(𝛽=-0.045, p<0.01) and the reduction of accomplishment(𝛽=-0.065, p<0.001). At last, as the number of outpatients increased, the overall occupational burnout increased(𝛽=0.041, p<0.05) with more emotional exhaustion(𝛽=0.095, p<0.001), depersonalization(𝛽=0.065, p<0.001), and less reduction of personal achievement(𝛽=-0.081, p<0.001). Practical implication: Consequently, it is necessary to prevent physician's occupational burnout by ensuring sufficient consultation length and providing a medical environment to treat an appropriate number of patients. Therefore, national policies should expand health insurance coverage and compensate medical fees for sufficient consultation length that both patients and physicians can satisfy. It will ultimately contribute to ensuring the patients' health and improving the quality of national healthcare services.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2008

All pharmacists must provide the drug consultation whenever dispense drugs to patients by the Korean Pharmacy Law. Drug consultation is very important procedure for increasing pharmacotherapy. Because it maximizes the therapeutic effects or/and minimizes adverse drug reaction during the drug therapy. However, it is not easy to do because of the dynamic and hectic pharmacy environment. Especially, if someone has a disabling body function, they required more time and efforts to perform consultation by pharmacist. Currently several auxiliary labels for helping drug consultation are using in pharmacy practice but not for disabling patients. Therefore we developed the total 53 auxiliary labels with size of 0.7 cm (width) and 1 cm (length) by Braillewriter letters for blind patients. This research has been performed for total 12 months (Mar. 15ts, 2007$\sim$Feb. 25th, 2008) and the developing methods are consisted of 4 steps: 1) selection of essential informations, 2) simplification of information, 3) changing for Braillewriter letters, 4) application and revising by blindness patients. Also the labels are consisted of 12 for adverse reactions and precautions, 8 for directions, 2 for storages, 9 for duration, 9 for dosage forms, and 12 for common names. After developed those labels, we revised those labels by discussion with 2 blind people. In conclusion, the new auxiliary labels for blind patients can increase therapeutic effects and decrease risks from pharmacotherapy besides decreasing of pharmacist's work load in the future.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2012

This study action drama TV drama 'Ya-ha'(夜叉) the actual work practices of the pre-consultation stage through the Writers, Producer, Art directors and in consultation with the opinion of the character set the record of the contents and character changes over time in accordance with characters makeup the design elements were analyzed. The methods of study was used local and abroad related books, studies, publications and cases and the subjects were limited to be four male make up characters in drama 'Ya-cha'. As a result, TV action drama 'Ya-cha' make up design elements and representation techniques were classified as description of skin tone, wound, the shape of eyebrows, hair type, shape of beard and materials and carried out an important role in the character representation. First, presentation techniques changed skin tones depending on character and position and described wound shape as expression technique and materials were analyzed. Second, the shape of eyebrows was based on the physiognomy of the form. And hair type changed volume, thickness, length and texture depending on character. Third, shape of beard is expressed different kinds of volume, thickness, length and texture depending on character. There fore, that systematization of the make-up design elements is useful to express stable characters and make drama for make up in various image genres.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose: The use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate acute abdominal complaints has increased over the past two decades. We investigated how the clinical practice of patients with intestinal perforation has changed with the increasing use of abdominal CT in the emergency department (ED). Methods: We compared ED arrival to CT time, ED arrival to surgical consultation time, and ED arrival to operation time according to the method of diagnosis from 2003-2004 and 2013-2014. Results: In patients with gastrointestinal perforation, time from ED arrival to CT was shorter ($111.4{\pm}66.2min$ vs. $199.0{\pm}97.5min$, p=0.001) but time to surgical consultation was longer ($135.1{\pm}78.8$ vs. $77.9{\pm}123.7$, p=0.006) in 2013-2014 than in 2003-2004. There was no statistically significant difference in time to operation for perforation confirmed either by plain film or CT between the two time periods. There was no statistically significant difference in length of hospital or ICU stay or mortality between the two groups. Conclusion: With the increasing use of abdominal CT in ED, ED arrival to CT time has decreased and ED arrival to surgical consultation time has increased in gastrointestinal perforation. These changes of clinical performance do not delay ED arrival to operation time or adversely influence patient outcome.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

연구목적: 두부 외상은 신체적 후유 증상뿐 아니라 다양한 정신 증상을 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 두부 외상 후 섬망을 보이는 환자들을 대상으로 정신과 자문을 실시하고 과다행동 증상의 유무 등의 임상 양상과 회복 기간과의 관련성에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 1998년부터 2002년까지 두부 외상을 주소로 신경외과에 입원한 환자들 중 섬망이 발생하여 정신과에 자문 조정이 의뢰된 45명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 섬망 발생 4주 후 추적 자문에서 섬망의 회복 여부에 따라 완전 관해 된 군 및 잔류 증상이 남아 있는 군으로 나누고, 두 군간의 차이를 과다행동 유무와 사회 인구학적 변수, 두부 외상 부위의 빈도에 따라 살펴보았다. 결 과: 첫 자문 주소에서 과다 행동 유무에 따라 분류해 보았을 때 4주 후의 섬망의 관해와 유의미한 관계를 보였다(p<.01). 섬망의 잔류 증상이 남아 있는 군은 완전 관해 된 군에 비해 중환자실 입원 기간 및(p<.05), 전체 입원 기간이 길었다(p<.01). 섬망 발생 4주 후 잔류 증상이 남아 있는 군은 완전 관해된 군에 비해 사고보험과의 관련성이 많았으며(p<.05), 신경 영상학적 조사에서 피질 하 회백질의 손상의 여부와 유의미한 관계를 보였다(p<.05). 결 론: 본 연구를 통해 첫 자문 의뢰 시 과다행동 유무에 따라 섬망의 회복 기간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 섬망의 회복 기간이 지연될수록 재원기간이 길어짐을 알 수 있었다. 향후 두부 외상 후 섬망 환자의 정신과적 개입에 있어 과다행동의 유무를 비롯한 임상 변수들에 대한 다각적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.245-265
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to promote the effectiveness in managing disease or injury, by examining the length of stay in hospital according to characteristics concerned before and after operation, and by serving as a basis for reducing that length. As a result of investigating the length of stay in hospital according to inpatient's personal characteristics, clinical features and other characteristics concerned, the following characteristics appeared significant. The characteristics that showed a significant difference about the length of stay in hospital before and after operation were the age and the fact whether one was married or not among inpatient's personal characteristics. The significant ones among clinical features were the route to be taken to hospital, the form of insurance, the experience of re-hospitalization, whether another disease coexisted, the experiment of changing department, whether a diagnosis was determined by consultation, whether an intensive care unit was used, whether re-operation was performed, the total number of case of the experience of re-hospitalization, inpatient who were again sent to hospital under the same diagnosis was not included in the investigation, which was pointed out as a limit in this study. The significant ones among other characteristics concerned were the date and season when the patients were taken to hospital and the doctor in attendance. The doctor in attendance appeared to give a significant impact on the length of stay in hospital before operation, but no significant difference was noted in the mean among the doctors in attendance. And those characteristics were not found regularly among the selected departments. As stated above, one way to reduce the length of stay In hospital was to diminish the length of stay in hospital before operation. The term of hospitalization before operation shall be reduced by grasping the factors that affected that length before operation and by conducting examination as many as possible in the out-patient department. Also, the efforts should be put on that length after operation. The management of hospital seemed to be successfully carried out if those factors affected that length were effectively controlled.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.538-546
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• 2010

Dental surgical procedures are potentially stress-inducing to not only patients but clinicians especially in case of medically compromised patients. The body response to dental stress involves the cardiovascular, respiratory and the endocrine system. To minimize the stress to the medically compromised patients, the stress reduction protocols should be established. The protocols include (1) Recognize the patient's degree of medical risk (2) Medical consultation before dental therapy (3) Schedule the patient's appointment in the morning (4) Monitor and record preoperative, perioperative and postoperative vital signs (5) Intra-venous sedation during surgical procedures (6) Adequate pain control during therapy (7) Short length of appointment time (8) Contact the patients on the same day. Two cases of Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws were analyzed. There were 2 women, and the mean age was 70 years (range, 64~74 years). both are medically compromised, with steroids. Both patients were taking an oral bisphosphonate for several years. BRONJ is defined as an area of exposed bone of more than 8 weeks - duration in a patient taking a bisphosphonate for bone disease. Bisphosphonates have been widely prescribed over the last decade for a range of bone diseases, mainly intravenously for bone cancers and orally for osteoporosis. Although it is still controversial as to precisely how the bisphosphonates work, generally it is accepted that they prevent osteoclast action, with consequent cessation of osteoblast activity, so that the bone turnover is markedly reduced or ceased. The aim of this study is to informed the clinicians how to prepare and recognize in case of the BRONJ with medically compromised patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2003

Pregnancy and puerperium are associated with significant changes in pschological and physiologic health status. Back and pelvic pain is common in pregnancy with prevalence figures in the range of $48\%-90\%$. The pain starts during pregnancy and often disappears soon after childbirth. But the prevalence of such pain four to six months post postpartum is report to be $25-40\%$. In $10-15\%$ of the case the pain become chronics, that is persisting for more than three months after childbirth. Low back pain and pelvic pain maybe caused by several factors related to changes that occur naturally during pregnancy. Changes in the center of gravity can create a strain on weight-bearing structures in bone. Pregnancy related hormones, relaxin, create general laxity of collagenous tissue. Another factor found to be a possible primary or contributing cause for law back and hip symptoms are leg length inequality, weight gain and changes in foot function. This article outlines the physiological and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy which have been reported to be possible causes of low back and pelvic pain And then, examination, diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of the woman during pregnancy are described. Standard treatment for low back pain and pelvic pain in pregnancy includes education in anatomy and kinesiology, back-strengthening exercise, training of the abdominal muscles and body posture correction. So, most woman during pregnancy require individual consultation and physiotherapist.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.51-73
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• 2011

이 연구는 학교도서관 평가체제의 개선방안을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 학교도서관의 경영개선이라는 평가의 본질적 측면과 도서관정보정책위원회의 학교도서관 평가체제 분석과정에서 제기된 문제를 바탕으로 평가체제 개선을 위한 주요 쟁점을 도출하였다. 도출된 쟁점은 평가주관기관, 평가목적, 평가대상 선정, 평가주기, 평가시스템, 평가결과의 활용방안이다. 이 쟁점들에 대해서 설문조사와 전문가 자문을 통해 효과적인 대안을 선정하였고, 그 결과를 종합하여 '시 도교육청 자체평가 모형'을 학교도서관 평가체제 개선안으로 제시하였다. 제안된 평가체제는 학교도서관 평가에 대한 시 도교육청의 자율성과 책무성을 강화하도록 하였으며, 평가결과가 학교도서관에 대한 구체적인 행 재정적 조치와 연계되도록 활용방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to investigate the socio-economic benefits of the poison control center (PCC) and to assess whether telephone counseling at the poison control center affects the frequency of emergency room visits, hospitalization, and length of stay of patients with acute poisoning. Methods: The authors conducted a medical literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers evaluated the abstracts for eligibility, extracted the data, and assessed the study quality using a standardized tool. Key results such as the cost-benefit ratio, hospital stay days, unnecessary emergency room visits or hospitalizations, and reduced hospital charges were extracted from the studies. When meta-analysis was possible, it was performed using RevMan software (RevMan version 5.4). Results: Among 299 non-duplicated studies, 19 were relevant to the study questions. The cost-benefit ratios of PCC showed a wide range from 0.76 to 36 (average 6.8) according to the level of the medical expense of each country and whether the study included intentional poisoning. PCC reduced unnecessary visits to healthcare facilities. PCC consultation shortened the length of hospital stay by 1.82 (95% CI, 1.07-2.57) days. Conclusion: The systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesis that the PCC operation is cost-beneficial. However, when implementing the PCC concept in Korea in the future, it is necessary to prepare an institutional framework to ensure a costeffective model.