• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.349-376
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• 1996

In orther to find the characteristics of each constitution, the examinee of Kyung Hee medical center was diagnosed constitution, and resulted body measures and diagnosis. That was considered and the results are as follows 1. The Diagnosis result of Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine is that there are 110 persons of Taeum-In(56. 1%), 58 persons of Soum-In(29.6%), 28 persons of Soyang-In(14. 3%). 2. The distribution of occupation, there are many of Taeum-In who are engaged in business, administeration, and management and many of Soeum-In who are engaged in reserch. 3. QSCC(I) has a tendency that other constitutions diagnose to Taeyang-In, the quastionare 1 has the accuracy of 76. 4% to diagnose Soeum-In. 4. Taeum-In sweats easily but Soeum-In doesn't sweat easily, Taeum-In has a good appetite and likes cold food and digests well, but Soeum-In has a poor appetite and like hot food and digest poorly. 5. The degree of obesity is the highest in Taeum-In. 6. The systoric blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure is high in Taeum-In and the high blood pressure are frequent in Taeum-In. 7. Triglyceride is the highest in Taeum-In and the Hyperlipidemia is the most frequent in Taeum-In, but Total cholesterol has no difference among constitutions. 8. GPT GGT is higher in Taeum-In than Soyang-In, but GOT has no difference among constitutions. 9. The frequency of fatty liver is the highest in Taeum-In.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.255-260
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• 2019

Oriental Diagnosis System(ODS) is an artificial intelligence program that utilize entered diagnosis knowledge, determine patient's disease and decide right medicine. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types(So-Yang, So-Eum and Tae-Eum) by analyzing ODS diagnosis result. Eventually our study secure availability of using ODS program at clinical training or developing diagnosis program. Subject of this study is 32 students participating in Sasang medical practice(12 subjects were So-Yang, 7 subjects were So-Eum, and 13 subjects were Tae-Eum). We analyze subject's clinical practice result reports by using ODS program and obtained result about pattern Identification. We used SPSS statistics 23 in analyzing the differences of the scores of Eight Principle Pattern Identification, Qi-Blood Pattern Identification, Bing-xie Pattern Identification, and Visceral Pattern Identification in each Sasang types (So-Yang, So-Eum, Tae-Eum). In the case of Heat-moisture, Tae-Eum showed higher score than So-Eum, but So-Yang showed no difference from the other two Sasang types(p<0.05). And in the case of Food-accumulation, Tae-Eum and So-Yang showed significantly higher score than So-Eum(p<0.05). It is hard to generalize the result because subject of this study was not enough. However, we explained correlation between pattern Identification in korean medicine and each sasang types based on quantifiable and objective evidence system. Therefore use of ODS program in student clinical practice training help to understand the relationship and correlation between different pattern Identification and will help standardization of clinical practice education.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2006

1. Objective & Method The purpose of this study was to objectify the diagnosis of Sasang constitution. 163 children's voices were analyzed with 74 factors using PSSC-2004. 2. Results (1) In male children group, Taeumin's APQ4 was significantly low compared with the others. (2) In male children group, Taeumin's octave 5 & octave 6 were significantly low compared with the others. It was significant distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post hoc. (3) In male children group, Taeumin's Time Domain Total Sum / Time Domain Count & Frequency Domain Total Sum / count(0) were significantly low compared with the others. It was significant distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post hoc. (4) In male children group, Taeumin's 0k-2k total sum & 2k-4k total sum were significantly low compared with the others. It was significant for distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post hoc. (5) In male children group, Taeumin's 2k-4k deviation was significantly low compared with the others. It was significant distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post hoc. (6) In male children group, Taeumin's D# Total Energy & F# Total Energy were significantly low compared with the others. It was significant distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post hoc. (7) In male children group, Taeumin's D# deviation & F# deviation were significantly low compared with the others. It was significant distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post hoc. (8) In female children group, Soyangin's center frequency (7) was significantly high compared with the others. It was significant distinction between Taeumin and Soyangin at the result of post hoc. 3. Coclusion With these results, we got some information for standardization of the clinical diagnosis guideline of Sasang constitutional type classification using PSSC-2004 in the Korean children

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.696-707
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• 2009

Objective : We designed this study to investigate differences between stroke reattack and stroke first attack group to establish fundamental data and prevent a secondary stroke. Methods : 826 subjects were recruited from the patients admitted to the department of internal medicine at Kyung Hee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyung Hee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Center and Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center from 1 April 2007 to 31 August 2009. We compared general characteristics, classification of diagnosis, subtypes of cerebral infarction, risk factors, Sasang constitution, diagnostic classifications between stroke reattck and stroke first attack groups. Results : 1. In general characteristics, age differed significantly between the reattck and first attack groups. 2. Classification of diagnosis differed significantly between reattck and first attack groups. 3. In risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol drinking, and stress were significantly different between reattck and first attack groups. 4. Diagnostic classifications were significantly different between reattck and first attack groups. Conclusion : To prevent recurrence of stroke, education on stroke risk factors associated with recurrence is needed. In addition, those who are diagnosed as Dampness-Phlegm need to be well-controlled.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2011

1. Objective: This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of each Sasang constitutional type using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). 2. Methods: A total of 135 healthy subjects (age 19-30) participated in this study, consisting of 35 Soyang-type, 66 Taeeum-type, 30 Soeum-type, and 4 Taeyang-type subjects. A Sasang Constitutional Medicine specialist determined each subject's Sasang constitutional type based on the Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD) and comprehensive constitutional assessment. The subjects were also asked to complete the TCI. 3. Results: Among the four temperament dimensions, the Soyang- and Taeeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Novelty Seeking (NS). The Soeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Taeum- and Soyang-type subjects in Harm Avoidance (HA) (Soeum type > Taeeum type > Soyang type). The Soyang-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Reward Dependence (RD). The Soyang- and Taeeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Persistence (P). Among the three character dimensions, the Soyang-type subjects showed significantly higher score than the Taeeumand Soeum-type subjects in Self-Directedness (SD) (Soyang type > Taeeum type > Soeum type). The Soyang-type showed significantly higher scores than the Taeeum-type in Cooperativeness (C). 4. Conclusions: Differences in temperament and character were discovered across the Sasang constitutional types. The Sasang constitutional characteristics should be investigated in larger studies in the future. Similar studies could add to the growing knowledge of Sasang constitutional typology and contribute to a more accurate Sasang constitutional diagnosis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 2004

Objective : For investigating correlation among diagnostic types, MMPI results and Sasang constitutions, in out-patients of Oriental Neuropsychiatry. Method: We got the following result by comparing the out-patients' MMPI and QSCCII from 2000/12/1 to 2001/12/30 at Sanbon Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University. Result and Conclusion: 1. A specific character of population for study's objects was that female (128, 68.4%) was twice bigger that the male(59, 31.6%). And their education levels were 52 of college graduate (27.8%), 40 of high school graduate (21.4%), and 14 of middle school graduate (14 %). A distribution of the occupation, there are 62 of labors (33.2%), 62 of white collars (33.2%), 30 of sales (16%), 16 of students (8.6%). Their marrige statuses were 144 of married (77%), 31 of single (16.6%), 4 of divorced (2.1%), and 1 of bereavement (0.5%). 2. In the physical constitutions there were 70 of Soeumin(37.4%), 56 of Soyangin(29.9%) 55 of Taeumin (29.4%), 6 of others (3.2%). A differentiation with their diagnosis, there were 55 of palpitations (29.4%), 45 of depression (24.1%), 18 of women's diseases (9.6%), 14 of insomnia (7.5%), 13 of headache (7%), 8 of pain (4.3%), 8 of hwabyung (4.3%), 7 of psychosis (3.7%), 4 of dizziness (2.1%), and 15 of others(8%). 3. A result of groupling MMPI, we could classify into 4 different groups. Group 1 is a profile of trasition in a neurosis. Group 2 is a proflie of a mental disease. Group 3 is a proflie of $'{\wedge}'$ type neurosis. And group 4 has normal profile. 4. Regarding each group with physical constitution and a distribution of diagnosis, Group 1 is found out 36.4 % of Soeumin, 34.10 % of palpitations. And group 2 showed 43.6% of Soyangin, 25.6% of depression. Group 3 showed 46.4% of Soyangin, 31.90% of palpitations. Group 4 showed the most in 34.3% of Soyangin, and 31.40% of palpitations 5. A result of the study using Chi-square test is that there is no correlation between the 4 different groups and the Sasang physical constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2005

1. Objectives Though the distributional rate of Sasangin was mentioned in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$, there were few studies on the distributional rate of Sasangin in Korea. So, this study was conducted to estimate the distributional rate of Sasangin in Korea. 2. Methods The medical records of 1,423 subjects who have taken diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2003 to June 2003 at a health examination center of a hospital in Seoul were reviewed. Then distributional rate of Sasang constitution were analyzed and age sex-adjusted standardized distributional rate were estimated by direct standardization using a reference population of 2000 aged from 20 to 70 years. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The total number of subjects were 1,423(Males : 704(49.5%) / Females : 719(50.5%)). And the mean age of the subjects was $46.3{\pm}11.4$ years(males : $45.4{\pm}11.3$ / females $47.1{\pm}11.4$). (2) Among the 1,423 subjects, distributional rate of Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin were 46.9%, 29.1% and 24.0%(Male : Taeumin 48.2%, Soyangin 37.9%, Soeumin 13.9% / Female: Taeumin 45.6%, Soyangin 20.4%, Soeumin 33.9%). (3) Age sex-adjusted standardized distributional rate of Taeumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin were 45.4%, 28.2% and 26.4%(Male : Taeumin 50.8%, Soyangin 35.1%, Soeumin 14.1% / Female: Taeumin 39.5%, Soyangin 21.0%, Soeumin 39.4%) (4) The rate of Soeumins was higher than that mentioned in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$,and the distributional rate of Sasangin according to sex was different. (5) So it was thought that the distributional rate of Sasangin in Korea was different from that mentioned in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2000

Objectives : Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by everyone. Nevertheless, clinicians have a tendency of ignoring it since fatigue itself is not considered a distinct disease. Actually, some limited research about chronic fatigue syndrome has been made within the country, but in reality, the probability of getting this syndrome is still considered very low due to the strict diagnosis standard. Therefore, there are tremendous numbers of patients who do not get enough attention from clinicians for their fatigue symptoms only because technically they do not belong to the syndrome. Therefore, a basic statistical database must be compiled and patient management programs must be developed. To accomplish this, we conducted this study by measuring degree of fatigue, clinical characteristics and processes of Oriental medical treatment of fatigue patients. Methods : The objects of this study were selected from the new patients who entered the tonification Clinic in Kynnghee Oriental Medical Center between August 11, 2000 and October 7, 2000. Their main complaint was fatigue and they did not suffer from any physical or mental problem either historically or at the time of the study. The objects were divided into two groups based on duration of fatigue; fatigue under 6 months is considered as acute fatigue and fatigue for longer than 6 months is chronic fatigue. The prepared survey sheet for measuring fatigue degree was distributed to the patients with their consent. The patients were divided again into three subgroups : the fIrst group went through 1st test and constitution test after tonification clinic; the second one went into constitution test skipping Ist measuring test; the third one went into only tonification clinic with neither 1st measuring test nor constitution test. Results : The total number of object patients was 47 and 80% of them were considered as 'fatigue patients' by the Chalder scale. Among all patients, 29.5% requested treatment for chronic fatigue, which is over 6 months. The average of scale II for all patients was 14.8, which indicates moderate fatigue. The averages of scale II-1, II-2, II-3 were respectively 7.5, 5.9, and 3.7 so the most common complaint was physical fatigue. When compared scale II based on occupations, student group scored 6.9 and office man group scored 8.5 in scale II-1, physical fatigue, but it was not significant. Conclusions : Numerous number of patients have come to Oriental medical centers or hospitals in Korea. Therefore, deeper statistical research and follow-up-monitoring are reqnired in the Oriental medical academic world. In this study, among all patients who entered the tonification Clinic in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center, 29.5% requested treatment for chronic fatigue, which is over 6 months. This kind of statistical report is the first time trial in the Oriental medical academy world. Through these steps, more objective treatment can be made and standards of prognosis assessment can be established.tablished.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to objectively diagnose American male and female's production of two vowels /a, i/ by Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods It was analyzed the constitutional characteristics of the American adults voices with PSSC-2004. of 134 cases of vowels /a, i/ with a duration of $2.5{\sim}3$ seconds were inputted in PSSC-2004 and analyzed into 40 factors. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) APQ In the male group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's APQ(l), APQ(3) and APQ(4) were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. 2) Shimmer In the male group's production of vowel /a/, Soeumin's Octave1 Shimmer was significantly low compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowel /i/, Soeumin's D-Shimmer was significantly low compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the female group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's C-Shimmer was significantly high compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. 3) Octave In the male group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's Octave3, Octave4, Octave5, Octave6 and Octave1 Ratio were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowels /a, i/, the Soyangin's Octave4 was significantly high compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. 4) Energy In the male group's production of vowel /a/, the Soyangin's Time Domain Total Sum /Time Domain Count, Freq Domain Total Sum /cnt(0), 0k-4k Total Sum, Dev., A(A#, C, E, D#, E, F#) tot E, and A(C,, D#, F#) Dev. were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowel /i/, the Soyangin's Time Domain Total Sum /Time Domain Count, Freq Domain Total Sum /cnt(0) and 0k-4k Total Sum, Dev. were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. 5) Peak In the male group's production of vowels /a/ and /i/,, the Soyangin's Peak1 Ratio was significantly low compared with that of Taeumin and Soeumin. In the male group's production of vowels /a/ and /i/,, the Soyangin's Peak10 Ratio, Time Domain Peak Total/Total Energy Sum, Time Domain Peak Dev. and Total/Total Dev. Sum were significantly high compared with those of Taeumin and Soeumin. 6) It is necessary to expand the research of the acoustic analysis of American and Korean to other countries in the diagnosis of the Sasang Constitution by using the voice characteristics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2012

In Sasang constitutional medicine, doctors diagnose and treat patients according to their Sasang consitutition (SC) type. In this work, by a clinical test with a radial pulse tonometer, we investigated radial pulse properties which were significant in distinguishing unhealthy subjects from healthy subjects for each SC type. We measured radial pulse properties on left and right Gwan locations with a pulse tonometer for 299 elderly female subjects of age of 50 years old or above. We used a newly developed SCAT system to determine subjects' SC types. Subjects' health levels of either healthy or unhealthy were determined independently by two Korean medical doctors. To investigate the statistical differences, we used either of Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on the normality of distribution of test statistic. For TE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in heart rate, systolic to diastolic period, pulse depth, while they showed significant decreases in width of pulse in normal direction, pulse area in diastolic period, and high harmonic components (6th, 7th) of power spectral density. For SE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in pulse pressure and pulse depth, while no significant differences were found for SY type. We investigated the characteristic differences in radial pulse properties due to change in health levels on each SC type for elderly females. Pulse variables which were significantly different between healthy subjects and unhealthy subjects were found to vary between SC types. For TE type subjects, many variables were found significant at the left Gwan location, which is in support of the theory of hyperactive liver functioning for TE type. Irrespective of the constitution, the related changes in the pulse properties due to worsened health level were in support of elevated blood flow amount in compensation with weakened blood circulatory function.