• Wind and Structures
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.413-424
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• 2009

A series of wind tunnel free-decay sectional model dynamic tests were conducted to examine the effects of torsional-to-vertical natural frequency ratio of 2DOF bridge dynamic systems on the aerodynamic and dynamic properties of bridge decks. The natural frequency ratios tested were around 2.2:1 and 1.2:1 respectively, with the fundamental vertical natural frequency of the system held constant for all the tests. Three 2.9 m long twin-deck bridge sectional models, with a zero, 16% (intermediate gap) and 35% (large gap) gap-to-width ratio, respectively, were tested to determine whether the effects of frequency ratio are dependent on bridge deck cross-section shapes. The results of wind tunnel tests suggest that for the model with a zero gap-width, a model to approximate a thin flat plate, the flutter derivatives, and consequently the aerodynamic forces, are relatively independent of the torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio for a relatively large range of reduced wind velocities, while for the models with an intermediate gap-width (around 16%) and a large gap-width (around 35%), some of the flutter derivatives, and therefore the aerodynamic forces, are evidently dependent on the frequency ratio for most of the tested reduced velocities. A comparison of the modal damping ratios also suggests that the torsional damping ratio is much more sensitive to the frequency ratio, especially for the two models with nonzero gap (16% and 35% gap-width). The test results clearly show that the effects of the frequency ratio on the flutter derivatives and the aerodynamic forces were dependent on the aerodynamic cross-section shape of the bridge deck.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.21-25
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• 2008

In this study, to maximize RF performance of MOSFETs, $f_T$ and $f_{max}$ dependent data on $W_u$ are measured and newly analyzed by extracting small-signal model parameters. From the physical analysis results, it is found that a peak value of $f_T$ is generated by $W_u$-independent parasitic gate-bulk capacitance at narrow $W_u$ and the wide width effect of reducing the increasing rate of transconductance at wide $W_u$. In addition, it is revealed that a maximum value of $f_{max}$ is caused by the non-quasi-static effect that the gate resistance is greatly reduced at narrow $W_u$ and becomes constant at wide $W_u$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.447-451
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• 1993

Long pulse XeCl excimer laser with 150 ns (FWHM) pulse duration is developed using a simple capacitor-charge transfer circuit. We measured the laser pulse width varying the gas mixture ratio and capacitance ratio, which dominantly affect the pulse width. In this way we can easily stretch the pulse width from short pulse to long pulse. The pulse width was stretched by 120 ns as the partial pressure of HC1 and Xe gas was reduced under constant gas mixture ratio ([Xe]/[HCl]= 15), and by varying the capacitance ratio (Cm/Cp) under fixed pressure, the pulse width was stretched by 60 ns.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.236-247
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• 2015

In this paper, the experimental equipments for ventilated supercavitation in cavitation tunnel is constructed and the basic data of ventilated supercavitation regard to the entrainment coefficient and Froude number is fulfilled. The experiments are conducted for the disk cavitator with injecting air and the pressure inside cavity and the shape of cavity are measured. As the entrainment coefficient increases while the Froude number is kept constant, the ventilated cavitation number decreases to a minimum value which decreases no more even with increasing the air entrainment. The minimum value of ventilated cavitation number, caused by the blockage effect, decreases according to increasing the diameter ratio of test section to cavitator. The cavity length is rapidly enlarged near the minimum cavitation number. In low Froude numbers, the cavity tail is floating up due to buoyancy and the air inside the cavity is evacuated from its rear end with twin-vortex hollow tubes. However, in high Froude numbers, the buoyancy effect is almost negligible and there is no more twin-vortex tubes so that the cavity shape becomes close to axisymmetric. In order to measure the cavity length and width, the two methods, which are to be based on the cavity shapes and the maximum width of cavity, are applied. As the entrainment coefficient increases after the ventilated cavitation number gets down to the minimum cavitation number, the cavity length still increases gradually. These phenomenon can be confirmed by the measurement using the method based on the cavity shapes. On the other hand, when the method based on the maximum width of cavity is used, the length and width of the cavity agree well with a semi-empirical formular of natural cavity. So the method based on the maximum width of cavity can be a valid method for cavitator design.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.257-268
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• 2019

Infills are as important members in structural design as beams, columns and braces. They have significant effect on structural behavior. Because of lots of variables in infills like material non-linear behavior, the interaction between frames and infill, etc., the infills performance during an earthquake is complicated, so have led designers do not consider the effect of infills in designing the structure. However, the experimental studies revealed that the infills have the remarkable effect on structure behavior. As if these effects ignored, it might occur soft-story phenomena, torsion or short-column effects on the structures. One simple and appropriate method for considering the infills effects in analyzing, is replacing the infills with diagonal compression strut with the same performance of real infill, instead of designing the whole infill. Because of too many uncertainties, codes and researchers gave many expressions that were not as the same as the others. The major intent of this paper is calculation the width of this diagonal strut, which has the most characteristics of infill. This paper by comprehensive on different parameters like the modulus of young or moment of inertia of columns presents a new formula for achieving the equivalent strut width. In fact, this new formula is extracted from about 60 FEM analyses models. It can be said that this formula is very efficient and accurate in estimating the equivalent strut width, considering the large number of effective parameters relative to similar relationships provided by other researchers. In most cases, the results are so close to the values obtained by the FEM. In this formula, the effect of out of plane buckling is neglected and this formula is used just in steel structures. Also, the thickness of infill panel, and the lateral force applied to frame are constant. In addition, this new formula is just for modeling the lateral stiffness. Obtaining the nearest response in analyzing is important to the designers, so this new formula can help them to reach more accurate response among a lot of experimental equations proposed by researchers.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

This study proposes a novel random pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique with a constant switching frequency utilizing a random offset voltage. The proposed PWM technique spreads switching harmonics by varying the position of an active voltage vector without a switching frequency variation. The implementation of the proposed PWM technique is simple because it does not require additional hardware and complex algorithm. The proposed random PWM technique is compared with the conventional PWM technique on the factors of harmonic spectrum, total harmonic distortion, and harmonic spread factor to confirm the harmonic spread effect. The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments on a three-phase inverter drive system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04b
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• pp.229-231
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• 2006

The paper presents a sensorless speed control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors using an adaptive integral binary observer in view of composition with a main loop regulator and an auxiliary loop regulator. The binary observer has a property of the chattering alleviation in the constant boundary layer; however, the steady state estimation accuracy and robustness are dependent upon with width of the constant boundary. In order to improve the steady state performance of the binary observer, the binary observer is formed by adding extra integral dynamic to the switching hyperplane equation.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.483-487
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• 1991

Ferrite electromagnetic wave absorber whose attenuation ability are mainly relied on their magnetic loss, has been used in relatively narrow wave frequency ranges. In this study, we tried to produce a wide-range electromagnetic wave absorber by laminating sintered ferrite (Mn0.07Ni0.28Zn0.65Fe2O4) and dielectrics (Cordierite). We also investigated effects of dielectric constant and thickness on the attenuation behavior of the absorber. Applicable band width, in which the attenuation is greater than 20 dB can be widened from 100∼700 MHz of ferrite alone to 100∼900MHz by employing the laminated structure. Thickness of dielectrics to achieve wide-range application decreased as the dielectric constant increased.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2007

More and All-Electric Aircraft (AEA) carry many loads with varied functions. In particular, there may be large pulsed loads with short duty ratio, which can affect the normal operation of other loads. In this paper, a bi-directional converter with inductive storage is used as a voltage bus conditioner (VBC) to mitigate voltage transients on the bus. In addition, the constant frequency hysteresis control technique for a VBC is presented. A simple and fast prediction of the hysteresis band-width is implemented by the phase-lock loop control, keeping constant switching frequency. This technique offers the excellent dynamic response in load or parameter variation. The control performance is illustrated by simulated results with the SABER package, The proposed hysteresis control results in the shortest and the smallest excursions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.472-475
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• 2008

A DC distributed power system(DPS) has many loads with varied functions. In particular, there may be large pulsed toads with short duty ratio, which can affect the normal operation of other loads. In this paper, a bi-directional converts with inductive storage is used as a DC bus conditioner to damp voltage transients on the bus. In addition, the constant frequency hysteresis control technique for a DC bus conditioner is presented. A simple and fast prediction of the hysteresis band-width is implemented by the phase-lock loop control, keeping constant switching frequency. This technique offers the excellent dynamic response in load or parameter variation. The control performance is illustrated by simulated results with the SABER package. The proposed hysteresis control results in the shortest and the smallest excursions.