• Asian review of World Histories
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.217-248
• /
• 2014

The Aid-India Consortium was organized in 1958 as an international scheme to support the economic development of India, and led by the World Bank. This article reconsiders the economic diplomacy of the Indian Government in the 1950s and 1960s, by paying attention to the interactions between the Indian authorities and the donor countries and institutions, in the context of the Cold War regime, decolonization and economic aid to the newly independent countries. First, it deals with the development of the Aid-India Consortium by considering debates at its annual meetings and the skillful negotiations of the Indian Government and financial authorities. It focuses especially on the leading role of an Indian diplomat and financial expert, B. K. Nehru. The article then tries to reveal an Indian initiative in solving the 'food crises' of 1965-67 through intimate collaboration with the US government and the World Bank, using the framework of the Aid-India Consortium. These attempts lead to a reconsideration of the economic order of Asia in the 1950s and 1960s.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.295-312
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this case study is to understand the sustainability practices of knowledge transfer process at the Malaysian government-industry-academia consortium. At this stage in the research, the R&D consortium is defined as an established entity by two or more organizations that pool resources and shared decision making for cooperative research and development activities. In attempts to understand the formation, outcomes and sustainability of the sustainable knowledge transfer process, this paper conducted a systematic literature review based on Gough, Oliver and Thomas systematic reviews protocol. From the review, the data were enriched and enhanced with a better understanding of sustainable knowledge transfer process. The systematic review resulted in identifying six factors including internal and external perspectives. However, key sustainability factors are not only directly influencing KTP, and the consortium, but are also mediated by other organisational variables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2011

The potential of algal-bacterial culture was investigated for advanced treatment of animal wastewater. Fed-batch experiments were carried out to examine treatability of nitrogen and phosphorus in different microbial consortium: Chlorella vulgaris, activated sludge, three microalgae strains (Scenedesmus, Microcystis, Chlorella) and Bacillus consortium, and three microalgae strains and sludge consortium. Single culture of C. vugaris showed the better efficiency for nitrogen removal but was not good at organic matter and phosphorus removal compared with activated sludge. Three microalgae and Bacillus consortium was best culture among the culture and consortium for pollutants removal tested in this experiment. Effect of $CO_2$ addition was studied by using three microalgae and Bacillus consortium. $CO_2$ addition enhanced T-P removal efficiency up to 60%. However, removal efficiencies of T-N and ammonia nitrogen reduced on the contrary.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2020

Phenol is frequently present as the hazardous pollutant in petrochemical and pesticide industry wastewater. Because of its high toxicity and carcinogenic potential, a proper treatment is needed to reduce the hazards of phenol carrying effluent before being discharged into the environment. Phenol biodegradation with microbial consortium offers a very promising approach now a day's. This study focused on the formulation of phenol degrading bacterial consortium with three bacterial isolates. The bacterial strains Bacillus cereus strain VCRC B540, Bacillus cereus strain BRL02-43 and Oxalobacteraceae strain CC11D were isolated from detergent contaminated soil by soil enrichment technique and was identified by 16s rDNA sequence analysis. Individual cultures were degrade 100 μl phenol in 72 hrs. The formulated bacterial consortium was very effective in degrading 250 μl of phenol at a pH 7 with in 48 hrs. The study further focused on the analysis of the products of biodegradation with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT/IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The analysis showed the complete degradation of phenol and the production of Benzene di-carboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester and Ethane 1,2- Diethoxy- as metabolic intermediates. Biodegradation with the aid of microorganisms is a potential approach in terms of cost-effectiveness and elimination of secondary pollutions. The present study established the efficiency of bacterial consortium to degrade phenol. Optimization of biodegradation conditions and construction of a bioreactor can be further exploited for large scale industrial applications.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2017

Hydrothermal liquefaction of lipid-extracted Tetraselmis sp. feedstock containing 80 wt.% water was conducted in a batch reactor at different temperatures (300, 325, and $350^{\circ}C$) and reaction times (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min). The biocrude yield, elemental composition and higher heating value obtained at various reaction conditions were used to predict the optimum conditions for maximizing energy recovery of biocrude with good quality. A maximum energy recovery of 67.6% was obtained at $325^{\circ}C$ and 40 min with a high energy density of 31.8 MJ/kg and lower contents of nitrogen and oxygen. Results showed that reaction conditions of $325^{\circ}C$, 40 min was most suitable for maximizing energy recovery while at the same time achieving improved quality of biocrude.

• Journal of Information Management
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.93-118
• /
• 2010

This study was aimed to establish a workable strategies to operate KESLI consortium reliably. To encourage the research purposes, it was mainly investigated international literature on current challenges for the e-journals consortium in comparison with the domestic implications. Major issues and challenges are divided to six items by scholarly communication changes and e-journals percentage increase, a big deal for a contract -based consortium pricing model in vogue, a consortium of the price hikes and making budget difficulties, use the standard statistics by the results of the use, archiving and archive security uncertainty, and contracts public availability of such external conditions. As a result, the international challenges of E-journals consortium was similar to KESLI, but the depth of information and research on domestic was weaker than the international research. To see more research and a rational perception based on scientific evidence and alternatives that enable KESLI working in the field was needed to be.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.630-638
• /
• 2019

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 310 times higher than that of carbon dioxide. In this study, an N₂O-reducing consortium was obtained by enrichment culture using advanced treatment sludge as the inoculum. The dominant bacteria in the consortium were Sulfurovum (17.95%), Geobacter (14.63%), Rectinema (11.45%), and Chlorobium (8.24%). The consortium displayed optimal N₂O reducing activity when acetate was supplied as the carbon source at a carbon/nitrogen ratio (mol·mol^-1) of 6.3. The N₂O reduction rate increased with increasing N₂O concentration at less than 3,000 ppm. Kinetic analysis revealed that the maximum N₂O reduction rate of the consortium was 163.9 ㎍-N·g-VSS^-1·h^-1. Genes present in the consortium included nosZ (reduction of nitrous oxide to N₂), narG (reduction of nitrate to nitrite), nirK (reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide), and norB (reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide). These results indicate that the N₂O-reducing consortium is a promising bioresource that can be used in denitrification and N₂O mitigation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2019

Due to the limitations of public and private blockchain, several organizations are implementing consortium blockchain systems. In order for an organization to conduct business using blockchain, it must consider 'blockchain governance' factors, such as decision rights, accountability and incentives over on-chain and off-chain, depending on the organization's strategy and objectives. If an organization conducts business without blockchain governance, it cannot achieve its strategy and objectives systematically, effectively and efficiently, and cannot comply with internal external requirements such as the expectations of stakeholders and laws. However, as businesses using consortium blockchain expand, there is no research on consortium blockchain governance. Thus, in this study, the consortium blockchain governance framework, including functions, roles and responsibilities, was developed to help organizations effectively and efficiently conduct business using consortium blockchain. In addition, to review the feasibility of the developed consortium blockchain governance framework, the framework was reviewed through an advisory committee consisting of experts on blockchain and governance over two occasions. As a result of the review, components of the consortium blockchain governance framework, including functions, roles and responsibilities, were considered complete and relevant.

• Journal of Information Management
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.53-82
• /
• 2008

Increasing researcher's demand on electronic journals as the most important research resource, libraries have made effort to develop electronic journals efficiently with cooperating through consortium. However, Korean electronic journal consortium are leaded by representatives and e-journal contents providers rather than library members. KESLI has the largest members in Korean libraries consortium and is needed to identify the key issues of KESLI consortia by these stakeholders. This study suggests to develop a future business model for KESLI analyzing KESLI stakeholder's expectation and needs by focused group interview.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.2865-2878
• /
• 2021

As a current popular technology, the blockchain has a serious issue: the private key cannot be retrieved due to force majeure. Since the outcome of the blockchain-based Bitcoin, there have been many occurrences of the users who lost or forgot their private keys and could not retrieve their token wallets, and it may cause the permanent loss of their corresponding blockchain accounts, resulting in irreparable losses for the users. We propose a recoverable private key scheme for consortium blockchain based on the verifiable secret sharing which can enable the user's private key in the consortium blockchain to be securely recovered through a verifiable secret sharing method. In our secret sharing scheme, users use the biometric keys to encrypt shares, and the preset committer peers in the consortium blockchain act as the participants to store the users' private key shares. Due to the particularity of the biometric key, only the user can complete the correct secret recovery. Our comparisons with the existing mnemonic systems or the multi-signature schemes have shown that our scheme can allow users to recover their private keys without storing the passwords accurately. Hence, our scheme can improve the account security and recoverability of the data-sharing systems across physical and virtual platforms that use blockchain technology.