• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.483-490
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to measure particle size and evaluate the effect of increasing alfalfa hay particle size on production characteristics in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Ninety multiparous Holstein cows in early to mid-lactation were randomly assigned in a complete randomized design for a 30-day period. Animals were offered one of the three diets, which were identical in energy, protein, and chemical composition, but differed only in particle size of alfalfa hay. The treatments were A) total mixed ration (TMR) in which only fine chopped alfalfa hay was incorporated in the ration, B) the same diet in which half of the alfalfa hay was fine chopped and incorporated in the mixed ration and half was long hay and offered as a top dressing, and C) the same diet with long hay alfalfa offered as a top dressing. Distribution of particle size of rations was determined through 20,000, 8,000 and 1,000 ${\mu}m$ sieves. The new method of quantitative determination of manure index was examined for each cow on different treatments. The geometric mean length of particle size in the rations was 5,666, 9,900 and 11,549 ${\mu}m$ for treatments A, B and C, respectively. Fat corrected milk (4%), milk fat percentage and production were significantly different (p<0.05) in treatment A versus B and C (fat corrected milk (FCM, 4%)) 28.3 vs. 35.2 and 32.3 kg/d, fat percentage 2.89, 4.04 and 3.62; but the change of ration particle size had no significant effect on milk production (p>0.05). Blood concentration of cholesterol in treatment A was significantly higher (p<0.05) than treatment B and C (181.0 vs. 150.0 and 155.2 mg/dl). Manure index in treatment C was significantly different (p<0.05) from treatment B (15.86 vs. 17.67). Based on these experimental findings, it is concluded that an increase in the ration particle size can increase milk fat percentage due to providing more physically effective fiber, which in turn could effect changes in manure consistency.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2012

This study was carried out in the Chungnam National University grassland experimental field from October, 2007 to December, 2009 in order to find out the growth characteristics, seasonal anthesis distribution and botanical composition of the wildflowers which were altogether composed of 70% sheep fescue and 30% wildflowers. The experimental wildflower species contained 30 species in total to which sheep fescue (fundamental turfgrass), 8 native wildflowers, and 22 introduced wildflowers belonged. At the time of the anthesis of the wildflowers, the average length was 28.3 cm one year later and 34.5 cm two years later. They bloomed out into eight colors, but into simplified two colors during August, September, and October. The blooming season leant toward May and June and from August there was lots of difficulty in the wildflower blooming and the maintenance of their consistency. Especially, at the age of two (2009), the annual wildflowers after wintering were reduced but on account of domestic wildflowers the color, seasonal distribution, and consistency showed improved compared with those of one-year-old wildflowers. The annual ration of wildflowers, sheep fescue, and weed came to 25%, 61%, and 14% each one year later (2008) and 24%, 62%, and 14% each two years later (2009). Based on this result, cultivating wildflower grassland in the combination of native wildflowers and introduced wildflowers is estimated to be the proper method in the aspect of interaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.5
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• pp.82-89
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• 1993

In this paper, we proposed the autonomous algorithm of pseudo-exhaustive testing for the multi-level combinational logic circuits. For the processing of shared-circuit that existed in each cone-circuit when it backtracked the path from PO to PI of CUT at the conventional verification testing, the dependent relation of PI-P0 is presented by a dependence matrix so it easily partitioned the sub-circuits for the pseudo-exhaustive testing. The test pattern of sub-circuit's C-inputs is generated using a binary counter and the test pattern of I-inputs is synthesized using a singular cover and consistency operation. Thus, according to the test patterns presented with the recipe cube, the number of test pattrens are reduced and it is possible to test concurrently each other subcircuits. The proposed algorithm treated CUT's net-list to the source file and was batch processed from the sub-circuit partitioning to the test pattern generation. It is shown that the range of reduced ration of generated pseudo-exhaustive test pattern exhibits from 85.4% to 95.8% when the average PI-dependency of ISACS bench mark circuits is 69.4%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2011

This study was carried out in the Chungnam National University grassland experimental field from October, 2007 to December, 2009 in order to find out the growth characteristics of the wildflowers, the seasonal anthesis distribution of the wildflowers, and the botanical composition of the wildflowers which were altogether composed of 70% sheep fescue and 30% wildflowers. The experimental species contained 34 species in total to which sheep fescue (fundamental turfgrass), 4 native wildflowers, and 29 introduced wildflowers belonged. At the time of the anthesis of the wildflowers, the average length was 29.9 cm one year later and 38.4 cm two years later. They bloomed out into nine colors, but into one or three colors during August, September, and October. The blooming season leant toward May and June and from August there was lots of difficulty in the wildflower blooming and the maintenance of their consistency. Especially, at the age of two (2009) the color, seasonal distribution, and consistency emerged as problems owing to the reduction of annual wildflowers after winterization. The annual ration of wildflowers, sheep fescue, and weeds came to 25%, 61%, and 14% each one year later (2008) and 22%, 65%, and 13% each two years later (2009). Based on this result, cultivating wildflower grassland in the ratio of 70% (sheep fescue) to 30% (wildflowers) is the proper method not only for maintaining green space by sheep fescue, but also for commanding a fine view of wild flowers.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

This paper presents the geotechnical characteristics of the soil mixed with various waste(waste soil) in the landfill. The physical and mechanical tests were conducted to find out the waste soil. The tests include the gradation, consistency tests, shear and compression and the consolidation tests using both the Rowe cell and the constant ration stress. The analyses of the test results show the waste soil belongs to the well graded sand(SW) in the laboratory and sand-gravel(SG) to fine sand(SF) in the field monitoring based on the unified classification soil system. The shear strength is increasing with increasing the shear displacement, however, the peak of the shear strength does not appear through the test and there is no distinct peak value of the strength obtained. The compression index(Cc) results in as increasing the amount of the sludge included and the compression index is proportional to the sludge included, which means more settlement is expected. The hydraulic conductivity of the waste soil ranges between $1.6{\times}10^{-5}cm/sec$ and $1.8{\times}10^{-7}cm/sec$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

Constructing large-scale mat foundation mass concrete is increasing for the stability of building structure, because a lot of high rise building are being built in order to make full use of limited space. However, It is of increasing concerns that because limited placing equipments, available job-site and systems for mass concete placement in construction field do not allow to place great quantity of concrete at the same time in large scale mat foundation, consistency between placement lift can not be secured. And also, it is likely to crack due to stress caused by the difference of hydration heat generation time. To find out the solution against above problems, this study is to reconfirm the performance of normal concrete designed by mix proportion and super retarding concrete. The Fundamental test shows what happens if low heat proportioning and control method of setting time are applied at the job-site of newly constructed high rise building. The test result show that slump flow of concrete has been somewhat increased as the target retarding time gets longer, while the air content has been slightly decreased but this is no great difference from normal concrete. The setting time shows to be retarded as target retarding time gets longer, the range of retarding time increases. It is necessary to increase the amount of mix of super retarding agent in the proportion ration by setting curing temperature high since outdoor curing is about 6 hours faster than standard curing, which means the temperature of the concrete will be higher than the temperature of the surrounding environment, due to its high hydration heat when applying in a construction site. The compressive strength of super retarding concrete appears to be lower than normal concrete due to the retarding action in the early stage. However, as the time goes by, the compressive strength gets higher, and by the 28th day the strength becomes the same or higher than normal concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.505-512
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• 2016

Even though high performance concrete was developed according to the trend of bigger and higher of reinforced concrete building, the rheological evaluations such as viscosity, yield stress are not enough to use as input data to accomplish the numerical analysis for the construction design. So there are many problems in the harden concrete such as poor compaction, rock pocket and crack, etc. in the field. In this study, consistency curves were measured by the viscometer as hydration reaction time passed. At the same time the slump flow test and Vicat setting test were carried out for comparing with the results of rheological properties. The fluidity of the W/B 30% decreased as the increase of replacement ratio of blast furnace slag. But in case of W/B 40%, the replacement ration did not significantly influenced to the slump flow value with the passage of hydration time. By the replacement of blast furnace slag to cement, initial setting was delayed and the time gap between initial and final setting became shorten. Through the regression analysis using Bingham model, there are a sudden changes of viscosity and yield stress around initial setting in case of low W/B 30%. The increase of workability by the change of free water in cement paste was offset by the coating effect of impermeable layer in case of W/B 40%.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.1 s.85
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

Washed rice was coated by spraying aqueous dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) extracts at 20, 30, 40 $^{\circ}$Brix and dried at room temperature. The coating procedure was conducted 5 mL/min for 10min. Property changes in the dandelion coated rice and un-coated cooked rice were observed during 2 days of storage. Increasing the coating concentration was associated with lower color values (L, a value) and moisture contents. Sensory and texture properties generally decreased in the cooked rice coated with dandelion more than the control (non-coated rice). But, D-20(20 $^{\circ}$Brix of the dandelion concentration) resulted in better textural properties and sensory scores for hardness and overall acceptability in cooked rice. Compared to the control, the washed rice coated with 20 $^{\circ}$Brix for 0 and 2 days showed better quality in sensory activities, a lower gel consistency and better textural activities. It was concluded that the optimum coating ration of rice and added dandelion extract for cooking were 20 $^{\circ}$Brix and $5\%$ respectively, in proportion to the total weight of raw rice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1991-1998
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of three different diets on the fatty acids (FA) profile and sensory properties of a characteristic Italian fresh cheese: Pecorino "Primo Sale" (PS). Methods: Fifty-four sheep were divided into three feeding groups: total mixed ration (TMR) enriched with extruded linseed (TL), control diet with TMR without any integration (TC), and pasture (P). During cheese production, six cheeses per experimental group were produced each week, stored for 10 days at 4℃, and then analyzed for chemical composition, FA profile, and sensory properties. Results: Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly higher in PS from group TC (82.11%) than in cheese from other two groups (P 75.48% and TL 66.83%). TL and P groups presented higher values of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 4.35 and 3.65%, respectively, than that of TC group (2.31%). The lowest SFA/unsaturated fatty acid ratio was found in TL and P groups, while the highest was found in the TC group. Vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were higher in group P (p<0.05) than in groups L and TC. Sensory properties of cheese from group P received the highest scores for odor intensity and friability, while control group had a greater chewing consistency. Overall, all cheeses received good scores for acceptability. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed how the integration of extruded linseed improved the FA profile of fresh pecorino cheese PS preserving its sensory properties. Levels of CLA in the PS group achieved using this approach was not higher than that in a grazing diet. Cheeses from groups P and L contained a higher value of FA, with nutritional implications for humans, when compared with un-supplemented diet. Linseed may be a good feeding strategy when pasture is not available.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2D
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of safety improvement project was analyzed, and a decision making model for traffic accident reduction measures was suggested. The results of this study are as follow; First the overall number of traffic accidents and casualties were reduced, especially reduced the number of unauthorized crossing and centerline encroachments was remarkable. Second, the priorities of traffic accident reduction measures. through hazards roadway section improvement projects were determined. As, higher level evaluation items of AHP hierachy structure include civil facilities and transportation facilities. The civil facilities has 6 lower level evaluation items and transportation facilities has 4 items. The results of this study, It was revealed that traffic experts prefer civil facilities more than transportation facilities and the top 2 items of the each data (or index) took over 50%. In addition, one of the last evaluation contents through the verification, the top 3 items of civil facilities took 55.38%. The project according to the improvement projects for hazards roadway reduced traffic accidents and casualties as well as saving the cost. So these results should be available for basic information for the countermeasure about reducing the traffic accidents by local governments.