• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.639-646
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• 1999

The dental care delivery system and the dental specialty system have a very close relationship each other. Compared to Korea. Western European countries with predominant public sector in dental service have recognized merely 2 or 3 dental specialties, while North American countries with predominant private sector, 8 or 9 ones. It is desirable to adopt the dental specialty system as soon as possible in Korea to encourage scientific development in various dental specialties and qualitative advance in dental service. We, however, have to establish equitable dental care delivery system which can use limited dental resources efficiently as follows. 1. clarifying the different roles in assignments between general dentists and specialists by the amendment of the related laws such as the Medical Act and establishing the organic patient-referral system. 2. adopting the dental specialty system and expanding personnel and equipments so that the dental college hospitals, especially dental divisions of general hospitals, night function as secondary care facilities with specialties. 3. determining the size of dental specialists according to the national needs for dental specialized service's, whose number is to be not more than 10% of the total dentists. 4. transferring the function of accredating dental specialists to the efficient, self-controlled professional organization such as the Korean Dental Association rather than putting it under the governmental control. 5. conducting a comprehensive review of specialty education and practice for re-recognition, and maintaining competence of specialists by re-accredating them periodically. I expect this article to contribute to further discussion about the dental specialty system in Korea in productive and practical way. I am sure that we can Establish this system in the near future when people in every walks of life-the academic circle, the press, the authority concerned, consumer groups and the Korean Dental Association-take part in the discussion with special concern.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

Background: The number and curriculum of dental hygienists in Korea have dramatically increased. Controversies have since resulted from insufficient job descriptions of the work performed by a dental hygienist. A dentist's perception was examined to legally reflect the actual work of dental hygienists. Methods: Four hundred and nineteen dentists were surveyed about the duties of a dental hygienist. Their views on the career and availability of each job were examined. The duties of the dental hygienist include 13 items in dental treatment preparation, 14 items of radiography, 21 items of preventive dentistry, 6 items of periodontal treatment, 12 items of oral medicine, 12 items of conservative dentistry, 8 items of prosthetics, 10 items of orthodontics, 7 items of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 6 items of implantation, 6 items of impression taking and model fabrication, 5 items of anesthesia and injection, 11 items of management and administrative, and 3 items of self-development. Results: Most of the duties were doable by a dental hygienist. Many dentists reported that managing implants, oral hygiene of special patients, some duties in oral medicine, teeth brightening, making temporary crowns, making individual trays, selecting shades, ligaturing, and precision impressions need ≥3 years of experience. Duties perceived by dentists not to be performed by dental hygienists were reading radiographs (55.4%), suture and stitch out (48.0%), intramuscular injection (36.0%), root planning (27.2%), cementation and removal of prostheses (23.2%), and examining pulp vitality (22.0%). Conclusion: Current laws are to be revised to include, the care provided by dental hygienists and under a physician's supervision. Flexibility is also needed to cope with rapidly changing dental technology.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.620-635
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• 2010

In this paper we describe current activities on the project Multi-Scale Modeling and Analysis of convective boiling (MSMA), conducted jointly by the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the Swiss Nuclear Utilities (Swissnuclear). The long-term aim of the MSMA project is to formulate improved closure laws for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for prediction of convective boiling and eventually of the Critical Heat Flux (CHF). As boiling is controlled by the competition of numerous phenomena at various length and time scales, a multi-scale approach is employed to tackle the problem at different scales. In the MSMA project, the scales on which we focus range from the CFD scale (macro-scale), bubble size scale (meso-scale), liquid micro-layer and triple interline scale (micro-scale), and molecular scale (nano-scale). The current focus of the project is on micro- and meso-scales modeling. The numerical framework comprises a highly efficient, parallel DNS solver, the PSI-BOIL code. The code has incorporated an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) to tackle complex geometries. For simulation of meso-scales (bubbles), we use the Constrained Interpolation Profile method: Conservative Semi-Lagrangian $2^{nd}$ order (CIP-CSL2). The phase change is described either by applying conventional jump conditions at the interface, or by using the Phase Field (PF) approach. In this work, we present selected results for flows in complex geometry using the IBM, selected bubbly flow simulations using the CIP-CSL2 method and results for phase change using the PF approach. In the subsequent stage of the project, the importance of effects of nano-scale processes on the global boiling heat transfer will be evaluated. To validate the models, more experimental information will be needed in the future, so it is expected that the MSMA project will become the seed for a long-term, combined theoretical and experimental program.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2012

직접 전단력이 작용하는 철근콘크리트 부재는 콘크리트 계면의 전단전달에 의해 외력에 저항한다. 현행 구조설계기준의 전단마찰 관련식은 과거 연구자들의 실험 결과를 바탕으로 유도되었으며, 전단마찰강도는 콘크리트 계면을 가로지르는 철근 단면적의 크기에 비례한다. 이러한 경험식을 통해 구해진 전단마찰강도는 철근비가 큰 콘크리트 부재의 경우 실측값과 비교해서 매우 낮은 값을 나타낸다. 이 연구에서는 2축-응력장 이론을 이용하여 종방향 철근의 항복 이후 콘크리트 경사스트럿의 압축파쇄로 이어지는 일련의 극한 한계상태를 정의하고자 하였다. 2축 응력 상태의 콘크리트 최대 압축강도의 변화를 고려하기 위하여 수정압축장이론, 연화트러스모델의 구성방정식을 사용한 각각의 경우에 대하여 전단마찰 강도를 평가하였다. 타당성 검증을 위하여 과거 연구자들에 의해 수행된 직접 전단강도 실험값들과 2축-응력장 이론을 이용하여 구한 값들을 현행 구조설계기준의 전단마찰식과 함께 비교하였으며, 보통강도 콘크리트로 제작된 비균열 직접 전단 시험체의 경우 산정값과 실측치가 대체적으로 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제40권
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• pp.150-191
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• 2007

참여정부 들어 공인에 의한 언론사 상대 명예훼손 소송의 문제는 심각한 사회 현상으로 대두되었다. 여기에는 정부와 언론 간 첨예한 갈등관계 역시 주요한 요인으로 작용했다고 본다. 이에 공인의 명예훼손 소송 해결에 대한 논의는 진보-보수, 여-야 간 대립처럼 정치적 쟁점화함으로써 현상에 대한 정확한 판단과 해결책을 제시하는 데 한계를 보였다. 본 논문에서는 정치인과 함께 정부나 대통령 등 고위 공직자에 의한 명예훼손 소송 특징과 문제점을 파악하고 법원에서 이들의 권리보호와 제한에 대해 법리 적용을 어떻게 하는지 분석하고자 했다. 연구 결과 정치인과 고위 공직자의 명예훼손 소송은 구제수단(손해배상), 청구액 및 법원 인용액, 승소율 등에서 특기할 만한 사항을 발견했고 법원 판결 경향에서는 사인과 동일한 기준 적용으로 진실 책임의 입증을 언론에 엄격히 지우고 있다는 점, 하급심 판결을 중심으로 공인 법리에 대한 오해, 고의(악의)/과실/비방 목적과 입증책임의 일관되지 않은 적용 등 혼란을 겪고 있다는 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 따라서 Anti-SLAPP 법안 제정까지는 아니더라도 법원이 좀 더 적극적으로 공인의 권리제한 법리를 수용하여 반론권이나 손해배상의 구제수단은 제한하고, 허위인 경우만 권리를 보호하는 현행법의 '사자(死者)'의 명예훼손 보호법리를 준용할 필요가 있다고 제안했다. 또한 공인에 대한 법리 적용의 혼란을 해소하기 위해 이미 헌법재판소가 제시한 '인물'과 '내용' 기준을 적극적으로 적용하고, '고의(악의)' '과실' '비방 목적'을 구분 판단해 입증책임을 달리 적용해야 한다고 주장했다.