• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.96-104
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• 2008

In this study, the observation of test pieces with an optical microscope was carried out after fabricating 4 groups of standard lacquer, in order to inquire into the ancient lacquering techniques. Group I had transparent reddish brown color, and the part of layer was indefinite, and the layer polished was easily distinguished. Group II had mostly transparent yellowish brown color, and it was possibility distinguished the layers when they were varnished with mixed lacquer after prime coating, and when they were varnished with lacquer as the prime coating. Group III set up membrane in the hardening process of the lacquer, and the lacquer and the unsaturated fatty acid of internal part was dried, so the top layer and the lacquer layer were separated and observed. Group IV: When the lacquer coat film of Group IV test pieces were observed in polarized light, the ferrous components were seen as the black and red color were mixed, and the silica crystals of silty soil were distinguished by reflection of lights. And the colors were distinguished as the lacquer layer of ruddle had red color, and the mixed lacquer of reddish lacquer and ruddle had the deep red color at the top and the bottom, but the middle part had the bright red color.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2009

In this study a landscape evaluation was carried out for the submission of a natural landscape conservation plan with the intention to prevent damage to natural landscapes through incautious exploitation. In the case of Korean landscape evaluation, in fact, only the aesthetic value of the landscape is evaluated as related to development projects but the ecological relevance of the landscape cannot be estimated by evaluating only the aesthetic. For that reason, this study performed a landscape evaluation, including the sensitivity limit of visible scenery and the diversity of ecological scenery. For the intention of landscape evaluation in the designation of an essential conservation area and for devising a plan related to this area, a GIS applied to Ian McHarg's map overlay method was used and both the ecological landscape diversity and the aesthetic value of the landscape was surveyed using this map overlay method. A region can be analyzed in relation to the needs for concentration of management in influence analysis of landscape effect elements.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.21
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• pp.17-28
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• 2019

The term jinjuseon(眞珠扇), meaning literally a pearl fan, refers to a fan decorated with precious stones for use in royal wedding ceremonies. This study examined a jinjuseon housed in the National Palace Museum of Korea (NPMK) which currently lacks jeweled ornaments. In order to determine whether pearls or other gemstone settings originally ornamented the fan,the surface and composition of the gray materials remaining on the washers were investigated and the fan was compared with other artifacts decorated using similar techniques. The analysis revealed that the gray materials visible around the round rims of the washers contain tin-lead alloys. The traces of folded nails suggest that soldering was not applied. The remains of the infill observed in other artifacts with bezel settings indicate that this jinjuseon in the NPMK collection was produced using abezel setting technique wherein pearls or other gemstones were affixed by filling cylindrical bezels with tin-lead alloys.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.345-361
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• 2019

This study demonstrates the application of hyperspectral analysis as a pigment identification method for modern and contemporary Dancheong, the polychrome surface on traditional Korean wooden buildings. In particular, green pigments are the focus of this study. Green pigments in modern and contemporary Dancheong have the largest variation of materials and show a noticeable timeline. Thus, they are most suitable for estimating the manufacture or restoration period of Dancheong. Hyperspectral analysis is a noncontact, long-distance measurement technique that has advantages in the field of Dancheong analysis. It is capable of identifying both organic and inorganic pigments, unlike existing analysis methods. For this experiment, green and other pigments used during the modern and contemporary era were selected and made into painted samples under various mixing conditions that reflect their actual uses. Through hyperspectral analysis, their reflectance characteristics were observed, which enables the derivation of four main features that can distinguish the type of pigments used for color mixture. Based on these, a pigment identification system was designed in the form of a flowchart, and its utility was confirmed through site application. Despite some limitations at this stage, the technique can be complemented by considering proper measurement methods or the continuous accumulation of samples and data. If a database on various materials, mixing ratios, painting techniques, and other external interference factors is developed in future research, it would provide the foundation for a faster and safer analysis environment of Dancheong sites.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 1994

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparuata lugens, is the major pest 01 nce in Asla. Cument control tactics rely pnmalily on chemical ~nsecticides and resistant nce varieties In Korea, the most important biolog~cal conb-ol agent appears to be the naturally-occuning, mermlthid nematode, Agarnermrs unka. Although parasitism of BPH is highly variable from place to place and from year to year. the rnermithid is a promising biological control agent because it reduces the fecundity of the host and ultimately causes its death. The memithid has only one generation per year compared to the three to four generations of BPH, but the mermithid lemales stagger their egg production so that many individuals in all BPH generations are parastized. Augmentation of this rnermithld into BPH populations is only psslble on a limited scale because it is an obligate parasite and mass production technology has yet to be developed. Conservation of naturally-occumng populations through cultural techniques and the use of compatible resistant rice varieties and chemical insecticides may lead to an effective integrated pest management program for BPH.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-44
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• 2012

If cultural Heritageis located in the downtown, conservation areas was developed or is being developed In most cases Therefore, in this case, the relative height of the building during construction than the regulatory limit is reasonable, is emerging need to be objectified. This study was utilizes GIS analysis techniques for 'View Corridor' and building height standards were determined. First, 'View Corridor' set and building height restrictions for the analysis of urban environmental factors were analyzed in. In particular, the topography and urban planning, and existing buildings, including the distribution of the physical urban environment, with detailed analysis on the major historical and cultural assets with a combination of a review of the impact factor for the formation of the urban landscape recognize the scope has been expanded. Second, the key selection criteria for View point largely focused on cultural Heritageand the surrounding communicative point of view and, consequently, connectivity, and symbolism, accessibility, analysis, factors such as Prospect, setting the standards by applying a detailed assessment of each item the main view point were derived. Third, the derived key View point on the terrain and landscape characteristics simulation analysis carried out by considering together the main axis, and this suggests a reasonable height for the proposed standards.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.23
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• pp.91-108
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• 2020

This study conducted non-destructive analyses of the material features of seven gilt-bronze crowns of Baekje Kingdom that were excavated in the Cheonan, Gongju, Seosan, Iksan, Naju, and Hapcheon areas. A typical Baekje gilt-bronze crown has a conical inner crown and an outer crown embellished with vertical ornaments on the front and the back, a tube topped with a hemispherical ornament, and other ornamentation. Diverse designs (e.g., dragon, bonghwang, flowers, and plants) were applied using a range of techniques, including repoussé, chasing, openwork, and engraving. Formal features differ among the crowns according to their period of production and site of excavation. The substrate metal of the crowns is either pure copper or mixed copper with a small amount of lead. The crowns were amalgam-plated on the surface with pure gold or gold with a small amount of silver. The crown from Okjeon Tomb No. 23 in Hapcheon in the ancient Gaya region has a high silver content, which appears to be a regional feature. In addition, this crown from Okjeon Tomb No. 23, which can be categorized as Baekje-style gilt-bronze crown, seems to be plated at most three times, while the gilt-bronze crowns found within Baekje Kingdom territory were plated once or twice.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2016

'Eojin', king's portraits, had been produced during the Joseon dynasty. The portrait of King Taejo, the founder of the Joseon dynasty, remain at National Palace Museum of Korea and Gyeonggijeon portrait hall in Jeonju and Junwonjeon portrait hall in North Korea that has been recorded in original glass plate photo in 1911. Many replica of Eojin have been made since it is important to preserve and protect original one. In this study, the portrait of King Taejo, which is possessed by National Palace Museum of Korea, was researched for making replication standard version of the original form. It was focused on derivations of each artefacts and drawing lines those had been described on the picture including comparison among three portraits of King Taejo. Producing the replication standard version of King Taejo's portrait, the digital restoration techniques by the method of partition area scanning was applied. Accurate and precise detail result that is taken by digital imaging technique gives additional information regarding the relations among three portraits of King Taejo.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate effects of cryopreservation by vitrification on the seed germination rate and growth and physiological properties of seedlings of Maackia amurensis. Cryopreservation significantly decreased the germination rate of seeds of M. amurensis, but the reduction of germination rate was mitigated by the treatment of cryoprotectant (plant vitrification solution, PVS2) before plugging into liquid nitrogen and fast thawing rate after cryopreservation. Long-term PVS2 exposure decreased seed germination rate, whereas cryopreservation time didn't have influence on seed germination rate. In addition, growth and physiological properties of seedlings were not affected by PVS2 exposing time and cryopreservation time. Therefore cryopreservation could be widely used as a technique of long-term ex situ conservation without any damage and deterioration of cells or tissues of the forest seeds. However, in order to increase the effect of cryopreservation, we have to develope the lower toxic cryoprotectant and suitable techniques to the structural or chemical properties of a variety of seeds.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.957-970
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• 2016

This study diagnosed the status of marine environmental impact assessment(MEIA) for project near the habitat of marine protected seagrass species such as Zostera caespitosa, Zostera asiatica, Phyllospadix iwatensis. For the preparation of a marine environmental impact statement, different monitoring parameters are used without any specific guideline for the assessment of current status. And also, both tools and techniques for MEIA are needed to improve for implementing. The monitoring plans and parameters are not considered well with the accuracy of the environmental predictions and effectiveness of any applicable mitigation measures. This study suggested the reasonable standard of the MEIA for the conservation of the marine protected seagrass species which have the habitat located near affected area. The inshore seagrasses need to be monitored including shoot count based on the "No Net Loss of Seagrass" as part of the monitoring parameters to assess the status of marine environment of environmental impact statement. In a process of effect prediction, we suggested a concentration of 10 mg/L suspended solids which added by the new developmental project near seagrasses habitat, referring to study of overseas case. But a further study for an appropriate standard is necessary effectively. In a mitigating process, priority needs to be considered in order of avoidance, minimization, reduction, compensation. In a post-monitoring process, it is necessary to monitor the seagrass species abundance to identify the variation of b/a (before and after) project. And in a case of implementing transplantation, survival rate need to be included to determine a success of project.