• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

A participatory approach of local stakeholders is important to create a balance between nature protection and the sustainable use of natural resources in a nature reserve and its vicinity area. The zoning and management policy of biosphere reserves (BRs) is a good example of this idea, especially for island reserves. Yakushima was inscribed as a World Natural Heritage (WH) in 1993. Almost all of its residents did not remember that Yakushima was a BR. In addition, Yakushima has some problems in nature reserve management. Overabundance of the deer population is a critical threat to both agriculture and natural vegetation in the world heritage site. There are too many tourists visiting the WH site and Nagata-hama beach. The beach is a Ramsar site and one of the most important spawning grounds of sea turtles in the north Pacific. Now, residents and the municipality have decided to reactivate the Yakushima BR. Although the Ministry of the Environment of Japan has an initiative to manage the WH and the Ramsar site, the BR is managed by the municipality and local stakeholders. Local activities of both nature conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources are encouraged in the BR site. The islanders willingly included all areas of the island into the BR site. Scientists who have participated in the Society of Yakushimaology have played a significant role to build trust between local stakeholders and to seek feasible policies on the nature reserves. The concept of the "Yakushima Environmental Culture Village" is a good model for the extension plan of the Yakushima and Kuchinoerabujima BRs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 2016

The extraction of significant feature points from a video is directly associated with the suggested method's function. In particular, the occlusion regions in trees or people, or feature points extracted from the background and not from objects such as the sky or mountains are insignificant and can become the cause of undermined matching or recognition function. This paper classifies the feature points required for building recognition by using multi-frames in order to improve the recognition function(algorithm). First, through SIFT(scale invariant feature transform), the primary feature points are extracted and the mismatching feature points are removed. To categorize the feature points in occlusion regions, RANSAC(random sample consensus) is applied. Since the classified feature points were acquired through the matching method, for one feature point there are multiple descriptors and therefore a process that compiles all of them is also suggested. Experiments have verified that the suggested method is competent in its algorithm.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.935-958
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• 2020

The core value of finance is credit. It can be said that without credit, there can be no finance. The distributed structure of the blockchain and the low-cost trust-building mechanism based on mathematical algorithms provide a new solution and path for solving and optimizing related problems in the financial field. The blockchain technology is applied in the development of the financial industry through consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and distributed networks. In this research, a comprehensive survey of the blockchain technology is proposed in the development of financial services including equity crowdfunding and credit investigations in inclusive finance, cross-border remittance, Internet financial payment, P2P lending, supply chains finance, and the application of blockchain in the field of anti-money laundering. This paper discusses the role of blockchain in solutions to different issues in the financial field. It also discusses the architectures in different financial service application scenarios from the perspective of the financial trust mechanism and the perspective of the technology and rule change of blockchain participation in financial innovation. Finally, the problems and challenges of blockchain in financial services are discussed, and corresponding solutions are proposed.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-130
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find what causes make public projects hold off, going beyond the planned deadline and budget. Using System Dynamics(SD) and their derivative Urban Dynamics(UD) models, it intends to analyze major feedback loops based on VENSIM and to simulate them with STELLA software, all of which are interrelated with various causes of project delay. To prevent or ameliorate project delay, first of all it advises to focus on endogenous delaying factors not exogenous ones. These factors either reinforce or balance certain loops in complex causal structure, In the case example on the Cremation Building Project in Cheongju, Residents’ participation demand make negotiation put off and delayed negotiation reinforces administrative-expediency planning in order to observe a time limit, on the other hand, once building consensus, it increase both the level of planning performance and public trust. In the meantime, the real planning process used to neglect residents opinions and manage public grievance only through compensation, he a result of simulation, visible fruit of negotiation in the initial phase seems to be not satisfactory owing to funds and time consumed, but after reaching an mutual agreement among stakeholders, planning performance is effective and strategic than administrative-expediency planning viewed in both financial and time angle. It proposes to devise specific tools schematizing project implementation. In order to upgrade the quality of project management, it recommends for planners to adopt key concepts based on SD/UD diagrams and causal loops, which would contribute to enriching Planning abbots.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

Recently, rapid urbanization has necessitated continuous updates in digital map to provide the latest and accurate information for users. However, conventional aerial photogrammetry has some restrictions on periodic updates of small areas due to high cost, and as-built drawing also brings some problems with maintaining quality. Alternatively, this paper proposes a scheme for efficient and accurate update of digital map using point cloud data acquired by Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Initially, from the whole point cloud data, the building sides are extracted and projected onto a 2D image to trace out the 2D building footprints. In order to register the footprint extractions on the digital map, 2D Affine model is used. For Affine parameter estimation, the centroids of each footprint groups are randomly chosen and matched by means of a modified RANSAC algorithm. Based on proposed algorithm, the experimental results showed that it is possible to renew digital map using building footprint extracted from TLS data.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.792-799
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• 2022

Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is a key component of modern construction engineering and project management workflows. As-is BIM models that represent the spatial reality of a project site can offer crucial information to stakeholders for construction progress monitoring, error checking, and building maintenance purposes. Geometric methods for automatically converting raw scan data into BIM models (Scan-to-BIM) often fail to make use of higher-level semantic information in the data. Whereas, semantic segmentation methods only output labels at the point level without creating object level models that is necessary for BIM. To address these issues, this research proposes a hybrid semantic-geometric approach for clutter-resistant floorplan generation from laser-scanned building point clouds. The input point clouds are first pre-processed by normalizing the coordinate system and removing outliers. Then, a semantic segmentation network based on PointNet++ is used to label each point as ceiling, floor, wall, door, stair, and clutter. The clutter points are removed whereas the wall, door, and stair points are used for 2D floorplan generation. A region-growing segmentation algorithm paired with geometric reasoning rules is applied to group the points together into individual building elements. Finally, a 2-fold Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is applied to parameterize the building elements into 2D lines which are used to create the output floorplan. The proposed method is evaluated using the metrics of precision, recall, Intersection-over-Union (IOU), Betti error, and warping error.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.79-91
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• 2018

This study proposes the difference of awareness and improvement plan of building-related landscape systems through a cognition survey of building owners, public officials, and experts. The main results are as follows. First, all three groups are highly aware of the need to secure urban green spaces. Even if private property rights are restricted, the level of awareness that green space should be secured for public benefit is high. The level of interest in the building-related landscape system was also surveyed to a greater degree. Second, the survey respondents, including the building owner group, answered that there is a need to strengthen the building-related landscape area standards. It can be seen that there is a need to revise the relaxation of the building-related landscape area standards through an amendment of the Building Ordinance in many local governments. Third, most municipalities are not equipped with an organizational system that can promote the work of building-related landscape. It is necessary to newly hire civil servants for landscape design, maintenance, and management specialization, or to expand co-working relationships with related departments. Fourth, building owners are interested in building-related landscape, but they do not know specific management methods and leave the landscape space. The municipality needs to offer guidance on landscape architectural design and construction methods that the building owners can easily follow and to support the voluntary landscape space management on the part of the local residents by supporting the trees. Fifth, in order to improve the building-related landscape system, it is necessary to verify the effect of the building-related landscape and spread a consensus. At the government level, in order to enable building owners to recognize the value of the landscape space in connection with an urban regeneration project, it is necessary to present an example of an excellent building-related landscape installation via a pilot project.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

Multi-unit house, multi-household house, row house and apartments with less than 500 households were included in the list of anti-crime for buildings following the revision of the "notice of crime prevention building standards" on July 31, 2019. Strengthening the performance of crime prevention buildings is inevitable to increase the cost of building construction, including installation of preventive facilities and use of facilities that have secured performance. Thus an economic analysis on the costs and expected benefits of implementing the standards is required for social consensus. Economic analysis is divided into cost analysis and benefit analysis. This study aims to perform an economic analysis on the installation of crime prevention facilities in the buildings subject to expanded crime prevention obligations. Cost analysis is calculated as the sum of the cost of installation and the price of the crime prevention facilities installed for each target residential building. Benefit analysis is calculated as the social cost of targeted crimes that are expected to decrease due to the installation of crime prevention facilities. Economic analysis shows that the total cost of installing crime prevention facilities in residential buildings is estimated at 107.31 billion won per year, while the total benefit from enhanced crime prevention performance is estimated at 9.38 billion won per year. Considering inflation, benefits are expected to outpace costs in the 28th year since the system was implemented.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Project cost is an important concern in any construction project. Although there has been a lot of studies on factors affecting the cost of construction projects, there seems no consensus as what cost factors have direct influence on the cost of civil engineering projects. This study therefore aims to bridge the current knowledge gap by examining quantity surveyors' perception of the factor structure among nineteen costing attributes identified based on literature review. Questionnaire was used to elicit responses from quantity surveyors working in the Hong Kong construction industry. Principal component analysis is conducted to extract the factor structure of the cost attributes and the attributes are grouped into three factor components, namely the contract management factor, the project management factor and the monetary value factor. Understanding these cost impact factors could be crucial in managing civil engineering projects, since it allows the project stakeholders and quantity surveyors to take precautionary steps to identify the cost management problems and areas for improvement and could even help to avoid cost deviations in engineering projects.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 2010

Recently, many actions are taking to accelerate progress toward social consensus and implementation of Smart Grid. Smart Grid refers to a evolution of the electricity supply infrastructure that monitors, protects, and intelligently optimize the operation of the interconnected elements including various type of generators, power grid, building/home automation system and end-use consumers. The most distinguished element will be Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that will be installed to every end-use consumer's home or building and optimize the energy consumption of the end-use consumer. The key function of AMI is energy management capability that coordinates and optimally controls the various loads according to the operating condition and environments. In this study, we figure out the basic function of AMI in Smart Energy House that can be defined as a model house implementing in Smart Grid. This paper proposes the energy management algorithm that will be implemented in AMI at Smart Energy House. The paper also show how energy saving in Smart Energy House can be achieved applying the proposed algorithm to an actual house model that has mainly lighting, air-conditioning, TV loads.