• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2002

The authors reviewed the child and adolescent's traumatic experiences expressed in movies through late 1950s to year 2002. The movies are roughly classified by 3 categories based on the methods that used to express protagonist's experience and to uncover the meaning that is implied, that is, an important motive of growth, a metaphor of socio-political issues, or merely an event to develop a drama. Movie is a product of repetition compulsion and an activity like symbolic play between creator and spectators through screen, which enables a kind of corrective emotional experience. The curative elements in movies were also reviewed. The authors suggest the importance of mutual communications between movie creators and psychiatrists because media images about psychiatric issues can make internal stereotypes in conscious and unconscious mind of spectators.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to grasp the relationship between the amount of physical activities at work perceived by workers and their health promotion behaviors. To achieve such a purpose. this survey was conducted on 476 Workers who work for 3 food product work-sites located in Keong-in area by means of questionnaire from June 15 to July 14 . 1998. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS/WlN. The significant results were obtained as follows. 1. The average scores of the amount of physical activities at work and health promotion behavior were 3.18 and 2.84 respectively; the former was slightly higher than moderate score 2.5 and the latter was almost the same as it. It can be interpreted that workers perceive their physical activities at work are heavier than their daily activities, which seems to make their health promotion behaviors still inactivated. 2. The amount of physical activities at work, it was were greater revealed that the more activities workers do after work. the more they walk and the more exercises they do. It implies that the voluntary practice of good health habit at leisure can be greatly contributed to the activation of more productive activity at work. 3. The amount of health promotion behaviors was larger as workers do more physical activities at work and have lower PIBW(Percent Ideal Body Weight). It means that the voluntary practice of good health habit is closely related to the degree of obesity and their positive attitude toward their work. Average PIBW was 106.71; most of the workers are distributed within the standard range in their weight. So we can presume that most of them are not seriously conscious of weight maintenance in their daily lives. Therefore it is desirable that health promotion program for workers should be developed toward connecting their physical activities at work with those in their daily lives much more. Physical activities, health promotion behaviors

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.3 s.28
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• pp.309-318
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• 1988

The purposes of this study were: 1) to develop specific AIO variables(clothing variables) based on clothing behavior studies, 2) to segment apparel market by clothing variables, 3) to discribe the profile of each segment with clothing variables, lifestyle variables and demographic variables, 4) to Suggest effective strategies on apparel market of women's clothing. The Likert Type clothing questionnaires measured 6 aspects of clothing (fashion, conformity-individuality, practicality, aesthetics, modesty and brand consciousness & status symbols) dealing with activities, interests and opinions. In addition, lifestyle variables were measured with general AIO statements. The questionnaires were administered to 563 young women (students, career women and homemakers) living in Seoul. The data were analysed by factor analysis, ctustering analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, one-way ANOVA ana Duncan's multiple range test. The results of the study were as follow: 1) 4 factors emerged from factor analysis of clothing variables. Factor 1: lower interest in modesty and higher interest in aesthics, Factor 2: brand consciousness and status symbols, Factor 3: conformity, Factor4 : fashion. 2) Lifestyle variables clustered into 3 factors. Factor 1: positive social activity, Factor 2: family-oriented type, Factor S: materialism. 3) By cluster analysis of the 4 factors of the clothing variables, the apparel market of women's clothing was categorised into 3 segments (innovative aesthetics seeker group, brand and status symbols conscious group, clothing unconscious group). 4) The above three segmented groups were also significantly discriminated by lifestyle and demosraphic variables. 5) On the basis of the findings, effective marketing strategies of women's clothing were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.745-754
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of cholate and deoxycholate on pancreatic exocrine secretion in conscious sheep with external bile and pancreatic fistulae. Bile and pancreatic juices were collected for a basal period of 2 hours. The pancreatic juice was returned to the intestine. Bile salts were infused into the jugular vein or duodenum for 90 minutes at the rate of 0.7mg/kg/min. Cholate and deoxycholate significantly increased the flow rate, pH and bicarbonate concentration of bile juice, but decreased the flow rate of pancreatic juice. The effects induced by intraduodenal infusion of both bile salts were significantly greater than those by intravenous infusion. Protein concentration and amylase activity in pancreatic juice were also significantly decreased by both bile salts; the effects were greater when the bile salts were infused into the duodenum than into the vein. The inhibitory effects induced by deoxycholate infusion were significantly greater than those by cholate infusion. The plasma concentration of secretin was significantly increased by intravenous infusion of deoxycholate, but it was not effected by intraduodenal infusion of both bile salts. The results indicated that cholate and deoxycholate markedly increased the secretion of bile juice and decreased the pancreatic exocrine secretion, although these effects were variable depending on the chemical composition or infusion routes.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.2 s.20
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• pp.149-155
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• 2007

Objective : Using a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of essential hypertension, this study investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) could reduce early stage hypertension by examining whether EA increased nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma, which compensates for elevated blood pressure (BP). Methods : EA was applied to the acupoint, Baekhoe (GV20), and to a non acupoint in the tail at 10 Hz and an intensity of 1 mA for 10 minutes on the first and fourth day of the week for three weeks under isoflurane anesthesia. In conscious SHR and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, blood pressure was determined the day after EA treatment by the tail cuff method using an automatic BP monitoring system. We also measured NO concentration of blood serum in SHR and WKY. Results : Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were lower after 3 weeks of GV20 treatment than in non EA treated or non acupoint treated SHR rats. The NO level of plasma was significantly lower in hypertensive SHR than in normotensive WKY. EA prevented the augmentation of blood pressure, and also increased NO concentrations from $7.91{\pm}0.42$ ${\mu}M$ to $11.50{\pm}0.93$ ${\mu}M$ in SHR serum. Conclusions : We suggest that acupuncture may be an early intervention to delay the development of hypertension and enhance NO/NOS activity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.427-436
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• 2010

In this study this author made research and analysis on physical status and characteristics of community parks in Ik-san provinces and also depending on its potential resources such parks were classified into constructed parks and unconstructed parks and status of use of such parks and level of satisfaction were studied. Through this paper this author strived to provide basic data required for forming green track of land for the parks. Required time for visiting community parks either constructed or unconstructed type was within 40 minutes or less. However constructed parks appeared to be more convenient for access in comparison with natural unconstructed parks. Mostly they were used by residents in neighboring community and also residents in the area around it were found as using it frequently. At the time of using community parks either constructed or unconstructed types means of access were mostly by walking or by riding bicycles. Thus considering large number of users of such parks are from neighboring community it appeared that parks with its simplicity and convenience in terms of distance and with rich nature were preferred by users rather than large scale parks at distance. In terms of time frame of use and motivation of visit constructed parks were used mainly for exercise and relaxation in the morning at parks and its facilities whereas un constructed parks were mostly used in the afternoon for for walking and chatting and rest under with time to spare at shadows of its trees. Time spent at parks were composed mostly of rest and walking more frequently than exercise and leisure activity thus it was different from motivation for visiting parks. As for evaluation of use of parks natural elements, unique environment, trees and lawns featured highly in unconstructed parks in comparison with constructed parks. Thus it seemed visitors are more conscious of forest and landscape in a form of unchanged nature. Thus for community parks first consideration should be heightening accessibility in view of primary concern for convenience by users rather than facilities or environmental conditions.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.189-199
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• 2008

Background & Objective : Jichul-hwan(JCH) has been used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia, regarded as a gastric dysmotility disease. We investigated the effects of JCH on gastric motility and its mechanisms of action in rats. Methods : The gastric wall was injured by tracting a part of stomach body in rats. Gastric emptying was measured after administration of normal saline(NS) or JCH in normal rats and gastric wall injured rats. To evaluate the mechanism of JCH under delayed gastric emptying conditions, normal rats were treated with atropine sulfate(1mg/kg, s.c.), quinpirole HCl(0.3mg/kgg, i.p.), $NAME(N^{G}-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester, 75mg/kg s.c.) and cisplatin(10mg/kg, i.p.). The gastric slow waves were measured for 30 minutes before and after administration of each solution(NS, JCH). Results : JCH 110.1mg/kg improved gastric emptying for 2 hrs(p=0.014). JCH 110.1mg/kg improved gastric emptying in the gastric wall injured rats(p=0.001). Under the delayed gastric emptying, JCH 110.1mg/kg improved gastric emptying in the group treated with atropine $sulfate(1.83{\pm}0.96$ vs $8.43{\pm}8.46$, p=0.003), but aggravated it with quinpirole $HCl(4.7{\pm}2.9$ vs $1.61{\pm}2.09$, p=0.021). Administration JCH 110.1mg/kg increased EGG power in rats. Conclusions : JCH stimulates gastric motility through the cholinergic pathway, so we expect that it would be effective in the treatment of dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia with low activity of vagus nerve.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

Transient forebrain ischemia results in the delayed neuronal death in the CA1 area of the hippo-campus. The present study was performed to determine effects of aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, on the generation of peroxynitrite and delayed neuronal death occurring in the hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia. Transient forebrain ischemia was produced in the conscious rats by four-vessel occlusion for 10 min. Treatment with aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (0.4 ml/100 g, i.p.) was started 30 min following ischemia-reperfusion and the animals were then injected twice daily until 12 h before sacrifice. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite production. Posttreatment of aminoguanidine (200 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days, but not 7 days, after ischemia-reperfusion. 3-Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was enhanced in the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days after reperfusion, which was prevented by the treatment of aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). Our findings showed that (1) the generation of peroxynitrite in the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days after ischemia-reperfusion was dependent on the iNOS activity; (2) the postischemic delayed neuronal death was attenuated in the early phase through the prevention of peroxynitrite generation by an iNOS inhibitor.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.104-114
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• 2009

The purpose of study was understanding necessity of environment design for underground parking lot in residential design plan and grasping design plans of 'Activity Support' that considerate women, exclude women's unsecured feeling at underground parking lot. The inquiry analyzed 6 design plan in design competition that considerate women according to precede studies, a theory of CPTED, a design guide for wayfinding, and survey. A ramp, circulation, entrance, lighting, ventilation, and space design plan are proceed on this study The result are as below. First, a rectilinear figure ramp suits entrance plan on the circulation, but if it is not possible, cross-using of rectilinear and curvilinear figure ramp plan is desirable. Second, on the circulation plan, vehicles circulation plan and equality parking distribution plan got accomplished generally, and help senses of direction because it is planed network systemize. On a large scale underground parking lot, simplify parking circulation to convenience entrance and exit for weak in sense of direction. Third, the shape and material that‘s environmentally conscious will be in use to the entrance plan. As the first stage to the underground, artwork that women prefer can modulate the rejection of underground space. Forth, natural lighting system and ventilation can make the environment-friendly space, decrease the women’s rejection to the underground, it can also keep a natural watch on the space. Fifth, on the space design plan, it can use bright and comfortable design of wall and ground to decrease the women‘s rejection, also it is useful to the sense of direction. LED indirect lighting plan that 58.7% of women prefers on survey reflects women’s state of desire that bright and atmosphere. In addition, proper use of plans that subsidiary facilities, rest area with Sunken, and nature-friendly material can minimize differences of underground and ground parking lot.

• Philosophy of Education
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• no.39
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• pp.191-221
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyse of elements and structure of consciousness theory in the 1887 Psychology written by John Dewey, and to research its educational implications. Conclusions are as follows: Firstly, consciousness theory articulated in first edition of Dewey's Psychology was influenced by neo-Hegelian G. S. Hall, and then characteristics of its theory was metaphysical and idealistic. But after of researching the work of William James, his approach to consciousness changed surprisingly from idealistic to experimental. His experimental approach and scientific attitude to it influenced the formation and development of advanced theories in his epistemology, axiology and pedagogy. Secondly, the structure of consciousness expressed by Dewey has three forms such as knowledge, feeling and will(or volition). This forms are too dynamic and unitary. Dewey considered cognition, feeling, will to be integral functions of each self. The tripartite functions of self, moreover, are unified in will. In other word, will combines subjective feeling and objective knowledge as one self. Will regulates impulse because it powers some stimulus into activity of self. In this view point, his theory of consciousness differs from traditional theories about consciousness for emphasizing dynamic relations and functions. Thirdly, Dewey's theory of consciousness will give some important implications to educational field. It is necessary to fundamental arguments about conscious conditions of learners as a human. For it is impossible to establish some aim of learning, to organize meaningful contents of learning, and also to create some effective methods of learning without consideration of this conditions. And it is important to construct and organize the contents and methods of learning for widening and deepening of educational experiences. Then consciousness and experiences of learners interact each other, so then they will produce some meaningful results of learning in this process.