• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

As Gyoto Agreement, the Climate Change Agreement, has become effective, total weight restriction on waste has started in each country and environment issue becomes one of the most important global issues. Therefore, environmental logistics became important matter, and industries need to establish production system for environmental conscious products and services. In this paper, we compare and analyze environmental conscious logistics activity(ECLA) that affect Carbon Dioxide Discharge(CDD) and packaging waste caused by logistics activity in Korea and Japan. We also propose the optimal alternative to the problem by this comparison and analysis.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2007

For a sustainable development, the resources circulation system should be established and an environment-conscious activities are required at the same time. These activities should be also implemented in logistics area. Especially, green procurement activities in inbound logistics is recognized as a very important factors in the early phase of an environment-conscious activities. In this paper, we are to suggest the direction through statistical analysis of effects, and cause of influences of environmental procurement logistics activities on logistics performance by environmental logistics strategy and by the size of enterprises, and by Environmental Management System. This study was conducted with the subjects of manufacturing enterprises with concurrent reviews of literature and statistical analysis, and the meaning of this study would be the analysis of the influencers of environment-conscious procurement logistics activities on logistics performance different from existing logistics studies.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.454-464
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of conscious abdominal contraction during push-up plus exercise, abdominal contraction through verbal encouragement. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Muscle activity was measured by dividing push-up plus exercise into 4 conditions in 23 healthy adult men and women. The four conditions were push-up plus exercise without abdominal contraction, push-up plus exercise with conscious abdominal contraction, push-up plus exercise with abdominal contraction with verbal encouragement, and consciously relax the abdomen during push-up plus exercise combined with abdominal contraction techniques for 30 seconds. Results: When performing the basic movement of the push-up plus exercise without abdominal contraction, significantly higher muscle activity was shown in the serratus anterior muscle than when both conscious abdominal contraction and abdominal contraction through verbal encouragement were performed (p<0.05), and the external and internal oblique muscles showed the highest muscle activity during abdominal contraction through verbal encouragement (p<0.05). When the abdomen was consciously relaxed during the push-up plus exercise combined with the abdominal contraction technique for 30 seconds, the muscle activity of the serratus anterior muscle was significantly higher than when the abdominal contraction technique was combined (p<0.05). Conclusions: Through this study, it was confirmed that the contraction of the abdominal muscles was not involved in the increase in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior muscle, but rather increased when the abdomen was relaxed. Based on these results, it will be possible to suggest an appropriate exercise method when applying the push-up plus exercise in clinical practice.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

Purpose: Breathing can be controlled either unconsciously or consciously. In Asian countries, various conscious breathing-control techniques have been practiced for many years to promote health and wellbeing. However, the exact mechanism underlying these techniques has not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to explore the physiological mechanism explaining how conscious breathing control could affect the autonomic nervous system, brain activity, and mental changes. Methods: The coupling phenomenon among breathing rhythm, heart rate variability, and brain waves was explored theoretically based on the research hypothesis and a review of the literature. Results: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a well-known phenomenon in which heart rate changes to become synchronized with breathing: inhalation increases heart rate and exhalation decreases it. HRV BFB training depends on conscious breathing control. During coherent sinusoidal heart rate changes, brain ${\alpha}$ waves could be enhanced. An increase in ${\alpha}$ waves was also found and the synchronicity between heart beat rhythm and brain wave became strengthened during meditation. Conclusion: In addition to the effect of emotion on breathing patterns, conscious breathing could change heart beat rhythms and brainwaves, and subsequently affect emotional status.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1994

This study was conducted to characterize the in vivo pharmacology of KR-30988, KR-30992 and losartan, new AT antagonists, given as i.v. cumulative doses, in two antimal models of high renin, conscious renal artery-ligated hypertensinve rats (RHRs) and nomotensive rats anesthetized with urethane (90 mg/kg, i.p.) and .alpha.-chloralose (90 mg/kg, i.p.), with a special emphasis on the phamacological characterization of the latter model. In conscious RHRs, KR-30988, KR-30992, losartan and captopril caused a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure, their relative potencise ($ED_{20}$) being 0.057, 0.028, 0164 and 0.018 mg/kg, i.v., repectively. In anesthetized rats, 2 hours after anesthesia, plasma renin activity was increased from 7.31 tp 34.07 ng/ml/h, the level approximately 1.5 times greater than the highest level in RHRs. In anesthtized rats, the $ED_{20}$s for all four compounds were 0.004 mg/kg i.v., respectively. By comparison, $ED_{20}$sfrom anesthetized rats were 4 to 5 times smaller than those from conscious RHRs, with a good correlation (.gamma. = 0.999) noted between thetized rats to the hypotensive activity of the compounds and the same order of potencies intwo models. These results suggest that, in addition to PHRs, the normotensive rats anesthetized as above can serve as a suitable model for the rapid phamacological evaluation of $AT_1$ receptor antagonists.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2008

With the effectuation of Kyoto Protocol, one of the important movement throughout the world is reducing the emission of greenhouse gas which is the main reason of making global warming. The actual factor of greenhouse gas is CO2, and in year of 2002 20% of total CO2 emission was produced only through transportation throughout the South Korea. In the contrary, the recycling of municipal wastes in South Korea was 44.0% in 2002, but it will be targeted upto 53.5% in 2011. All of these show environment-conscious logistics should be implemented together throughout the each stage of distribution with the development of product and service. This study applied survey research for the activities affecting to the emission of CO2 and packaging wastes produced from transportation and packaging stages in logistics area. For this, survey questionary was constructed with five specific areas - strategy, transportation & distribution, custody, packaging, and information. Based on the 148 returned survey questionaries, this study analyzed 52 categories and finally suggests necessary modal shift, collaboration & co-operation in logistics, LCA(life-cycle assessment), and other promoting policies for the environment-conscious logistics in effective way.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.373-388
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• 1997

This research was intended to understand the degree of variety in elderly women by was of classifying the type of clothing purchase's according to the degree of anxiety when they buy clothes. Samples were 285 elderly women who are aged over 55 dwelling in Busan Meropolitan city and this research is made available by the method of the questionnaire interview. The data was analyzed using reliability ANOVA regression Scheffe Test and correlation. The results of the study were the followings 1. The most important factors in the type of clothing purchase's of elder women are the styles disparity of age is represented similarly except the styles of a Brand Loyal tat ranked highest were among the age group 60-64. 2, The factor of difference in clothing purchase's according to degree of education are Brand loyal Cautious Impulsive Ecologists and Experimenters and the style of clothes buying according to activity of leisure are Brand Loyal and conformists. The factor of difference in clothing buying according to shopping companion are Planners Experiments Conformists Impulsive and Persuasible and the item represents difference according to payer for clothing marked all style of clothes buying and similarity except Impulsive and Style-Conscious, 3, The highly correlated item in the degree of education and activity of leisure in the context of the correlated item concerning about shopping companion and payer for clothes are Experimenters impulsive and Ecologists. The colthing anxiey which is highly related is the degree of education and the activity of leisure and the anxiety in masterial colour and self-harmony and the anxiety of colthing purchase's which is highly correlated in clothing purchase's companion and payer for clothin proved the priceand the anxiety of decision-making 4. Economy-Minded Experimenters Impulsive Planners and Style-Conscious represents all of the difference in all items in clothing purchase's Conformists represents anxiety to all items except the anxiety in clothing administration, Cautious and Ecologists represents the differences only for the anxiety in clothing administration,. But Brand-Loyal and Persuasible feels no anxiety in clothing purchase. 5. The most explicable independent variable based upon the analysis of regression in anxiety of colthing purchase is Economy-Minded and the next is Conformist Experiments Planners Style-Conscious Impulsive and so on.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2000

The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the effects of conscious sedation in an outpatient setting. Data from 292 patients (154 males, 138 females), sedated for minor oral surgery, were studied using various parameters including age and sex distribution, as well as according to procedures and each drug group. Results show that this intravenous conscious sedation technique is a safe and effective method of controlling behaviour, but one has to be prepared to deal with any emergencies or complications. The specific results are as follows: 1. Most procedures (265/292) were used to Valium mixed with Demerol and Midazolam mixed with Demerol. 2. Valium revealed a high incidence of pain upon injection and symptoms limited to daily activity and thrombophlebitis. 3. Nausea and vomiting manifested in the procedure using Demerol. 4. The patient manifested comfort similar in response to the same drugs used in another treatment.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.171-186
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• 2009

수학 분야에서 수학적 발명이 어떻게 일어나는가에 관심을 갖는 연구가에게 푸앵카레의 자서전적 일화와 그의 저서들은 많은 시사점을 준다. 수학 분야에서 능통한 학자였던 푸앵카레는 그의 수학을 연구하는 과정에 대한 자서전적 글에서 수학 분야에서 발명의 과정에 대한 상세한 설명을 제시하고 있다. 푸앵카레는 의식적 활동 뒤에 일어나는 무의식적 활동의 가치를 논의하고, 수학적 발명의 과정에서 의식적 활동과 무의식적 활동의 상보적 관계를 제시하고 있다. 또한, 수학적 발견의 과정에서 직관과 논리의 상보적 관계를 중시하고 있다. 이것은 유클리드 원론을 바탕으로 논리적 사고를 우선적으로 강조해 온 종전의 수학교육과 학생들의 창의적인 수학 능력을 기르는 교육에 시사하는 바가 크다. 특히 최근의 학습 원리로 직관적 원리를 제시하는 것도 논리와 더불어 직관을 강조해야 한다는 푸앵카레의 견해가 교육 현장에 뿌리내리는 과정이라고 볼 수 있다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2017

본 연구는 스마트폰 사용으로 인해 발생하는 전방머리자세의 유발 스트레스를 줄이기 위한 웨어러블 센서 착용이 전방머리자세 유발을 일으키는 목세움근과 위등세모근의 근피로에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 20~30대 건강한 성인을 대상으로 하여 일반적으로 스마트폰을 사용하는 대조군, 전방머리자세에 대한 자세를 의식하며 사용하는 비착용군 그리고 웨어러블 센서를 착용하는 실험군으로 나누어 근활성도를 살펴보았다. 목세움근과 윗등세모근의 근활성도는 대조군, 비착용군, 실험군과 비교하여 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 목세움근의 근활성도의 변화는 모든 군에서 증가하였고, 윗등세모근의 경우 비착용군과 대조군에 비해 착용군의 근활성도가 증가하였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 즉 웨어러블 센서의 착용은 의식적인 자세 조절에 있어서 효과적일 수 있지만 다른 부위의 근긴장을 유발 할 수도 있다.