• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.419-431
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• 2001

This study was to investigate structural behavior of composite structure beams composed of end-RC. center-Steel according to respective reinforcing method for connection zone composed of different materials (SRC) while attaching main bars on steel-flange by welding. The main reinforcing methods are as follows ; non-reinforcing, vertical shear reinforcing (type-stirrup), inclined reinforcing(type-x), horizontal reinforcing(type-web, 0.3L), double horizontal reinforcing (type-web, 0.3L), vertical reinforcing (type-flange, 0.3L). Consequently, It showed little difference in structural properties like ductility and strength according to the attaching method of main bars. For Maximizing the structural properties of composite beam, the most effective methods were vertical reinforcing one and double horizontal reinforcing one.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.113-137
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• 2007

This study examined the characteristics of total consumers' anti-sites on on-line and their changes according to the establishment year of consumers' anti-sites, the activities and the evaluation of consumers' anti-sites and their differences according to the characteristics of consumers' anti-sites. Total 649 consumers' anti sites were analyzed for examining the characteristics of total consumers' anti-sites and 18 anti sites were selected for examining the activities and the evaluations of consumers' anti site. The anti sites were evaluated by the index of using in preceding research. The result showed that about 90% of total consumers' anti-site were not activated, only a few consumers participated even in the activated sites, most activity of the anti-site were operated only on on-line not off-line, over half of anti-sites targeted to the company in the type of the subject of anti-site, and the majority of the external shape of anti-site were cafe. On the change of characteristics according to the opening year, the proportion of cafe and the sites acting on both on-line and off-line were increased year by year. The number of anti-sites was decreased since 2005 and the proportion of highly activated sites was lowest in 2005. On the activity of anti-sites, the number of providing the information were more than the number of presenting the complaint among the bulletin writings. The number of the bulletin writing were more in highly activated sites than in low activated sites. most of highly activated sites were problem solving type compared to the low activated sites. The number of the bulletin writings in company anti-sites were the most among three type of subject of anti-site. The number of the bulletin writings in cafe type were more than in home-page type. On the evaluation of consumers' anti-sites, most of the sites didn't update the notices and provided incomplete information how consumers participated in the protesting movements. The highly activated sites functioned better in most parts in providing a information, connection with other consumer and site manager, management of the site.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.115-125
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• 2017

PHC-W earth retaining wall could be constructed continuously. Various retaining wall methods such as C.I.P. etc. method require separate waterproof method. However, the PHC-W retaining wall method prevents leakage of groundwater by inserting a waterproofing material at connection part between 2 PHC piles. In this study, the experimental study on 3 waterproofing method for PHC-W retaining wall was conducted at the model pressure chamber. In the method using textile with 1-liquid type and 2-liquid type urethane, rapid leak occurred at the pressure of 120 kPa and 140 kPa or more. In the method of textile with grouting, rapid leak occurred at the pressure of 120 kPa or more, however, in this method, the rapid leakage happened at the top part and the bottom part reinforced with urethane.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

The operation of the natural circulation type solar heating systems with facade integrated collector was analyzed by experiment. Two different types of flat plate solar collectors were used for these experiments. One was for the normal flat plate solar collector with the size of 1m*2m and the other was for the large size solar collector with $4m^2$(1m*4m). The experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the series or parallel connection method on the performance of the collectors. As a result, the solar thermal system which is installed on the wall or facade would be applicable for the natural circulation type if the system design reflects various parameters, including collector connecting method(series or parallel), to provide enough vertical height between collector and storage tank, and to reduce pressure loss due to collector and piping network, etc. The natural circulation type of solar thermal system as proposed in this study can increase the system reliability by removing or minimizing the use of the components such as pump, controller, sensors which may cause serious troubles of the system for a long-time operation

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dweller's housing needs through the connection between dwellers' living pattern and space usage. The objectives were (1) to examine how to eat and cook in the eating and cooking spaces, (2) to examine how to alter the original housing, (3) to research the dwellers' housing needs for the eating and cooking spaces, and the changing process of dwellers' housing needs, and (4) to classify the type of eating and cooking spcaces. The results of this study were (1) there were changed in eating pattern of space usage according to the season. The eating activities were a Korean living pattern : sitting on the floor and eating at the BAB SANG. (2) There was a difference in the pattern of space usage and the activity for main cooking and KIM CHI. (3) AN BANG (eating space for winter) as well as MARU (eating space for summer) has changed to a larger space. (4) By the changing of living patterns, BU AUK (a main cooking space ) has showed a various alternations: function, dimension of space, facilities, floor materials and floor level. (5) The dwellers' housing needs for eating space were a multipurpose room, and a dining kitchen of western living pattern (using a dining table and chairs) with the present changing life styles. (6) The dwellers' housing needs for cooking space were a multipurpose room of working area, a seperation of heating area, a western living pattern, a plan of flat fllor level and a dining kitchen. (7) BU AUK of eating and cooking spaces was classified into 4 types: a traditional type, a mixing type, a modernized type, and a western type.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

This study was conducted with the aim of constructing a unified model according to the structure of qualification types of lifelong education professionals for the disabled. The research method consisted of procedures in which literature analysis and expert meetings were constructed in connection with each other. The contents of the study were suggested from the classification of qualification types into professional teacher type and coordinator type by focusing on special education and rehabilitation, which are related convergence fields that affect the qualification training of lifelong education professionals for the disabled. The two convergence fields, such as special education and rehabilitation welfare, lead to a separate application base from the perspective of education and welfare for the qualification of lifelong education professionals for the disabled, and finally confusion and conflict in the nature and contents of the curriculum and related services. A dichotomy structure system in which this phenomenon results in a divided type of qualification training for lifelong education professionals with disabilities was composed of several samples. In this regard, the curriculum and related services that can build convergence fields related to lifelong education for the disabled were reflected in the context of priority through the criteria that should be emphasized from the standpoint of the disabled in the overall category of establishing lifelong education support system for the disabled. In addition, by forming four qualification criteria centering on this, the common convergence field was composed of special education, thereby enhancing the aspect of inclusion in the rehabilitation welfare field and specific convergence into lifelong education for the disabled. As a result, the two qualification types were unified.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 2004

Somatic hybrids of inter-compatible and inter-incompatible strains were obtained by protoplast fusion. The fusion products between compatible strains, Pleurotus ostreatus and P. florida, formed heterokaryons, while fusants between incompatible strains such as P. cornucopiae + P. florida, P. ostreatus + Ganoderma applanatum, P. florida + Ganoderma lucidum, and P. ostreatus + Flammulina velutipes formed synkaryons that retained genes from both parents. The heterokaryons showed the same level of basidioma development. In contrast, the synkaryons showed unique characteristics including clamp connection formation at mitosis, either partner basidioma development, and abnormal segregation and recombination compared with inter-compatible strains. Synkaryons can be classified into homokaryoyic and heterokaryotic type. A comparison of somatic hybrids with compatible and incompatible strains was made using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The heterokaryons between compatible species showed the same level of variability and contained both parental RAPD bands. In contrast, most of the synkaryons between incompatible species showed similarity to those of either parental bands and non-parental RAPD bands. Synkaryons can be classified into microgenome insertion type and macrogenome insertion type. A tetrapolar mating system was found among monospore isolates in somatic hybrids and wild type P. ostreatus. Homokaryons from each somatic hybrid combination were paired with tester homokaryons of the initial wild type of P. ostreatus. The changed mating types were identified in progenies. The pattern of mating type switching in somatic hybrids depends on compatibility of fusion partner. There are several factors related to the mechanism of clamp connection formation and fruiting body development of synkaryons. Of these,the major factor may be associated with self-fertility and mating type switching such as homokaryotic fruiting of wild type P. ostreatus. This review will discuss these aspects.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1377-1387
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• 1968

In order to measure runoff and soil losses produced in a small test plot during rainfall, it is usually insufficient to use a tank only, necessitating the combined use of a main tank and a subsidiary tank. Accordingly. exact measurement largely depends on how to connect those two measuring tanks. The main purpose of this thesis is to improve the connecting parts of two measuring tanks so as to assure exact measurement of runoff and soil losses. In this experiment, two types of main tank, i. e. A-type and B-type, were used. A-type is a square tank having a flume at its end. At the flume, ten apertures are provided by using metal columns so as to be able to catch one tenth of total muddy flow discharging at the end of the flume, One tenth of total flow is led to the subsidiary tank through a slot sampler fixed to an aperture. B-type differes in that its flume does not have apertures and slot sampler is fixed directly to the end of the flume, other features being the same as those of A-type. Discharge volumes were measured by using weighing tanks and compared. The effect of baffle screen provided in the flume was also observed in connection with exact measurements. In order to keep main tank and its flume in a horizontal position, bolts and nuts mechanism was used. Vertical and horizontal screens were provided in the main to prevent coarse sands coming into the flume. The conclusion derived through this experiment is as follows: (1) The discharge through slot sampler at each aperture is almost the same for A-type. However, it is slightly more than one tenth of total discharge volume. (2) In case that baffle screen is provided in the flume of A-type tank, the discharge volume of slot sampler is less than that of the same type without screen. (3) For B-type tank, slot sampler discharge increases as slot sampler nears toward the center of flume. (4) When baffle screen is provided in the flume of B-type, slot sampler discharge is less than that of the same type without screen, and this phenomenon is more apparent as compared with A-type. (5) In case that the slot width of slot sampler for B-type is one inch, slot sampler discharge exceeds one tenth of total discharge volume. (6) When the slot width for B-type is 15/16 inch and slot sampler is fixed 3/8 inch apart from either flume wall, slot sampler discharge is approximately equal to one tenth of total discharge volume.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.155-164
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare interrelations between primary headache (including migraine) and Iris Constitution through iris constitution examination. Methods : The subjects were 50 patients who admitted to Chonju Oriental Medicine Hospital attached to Wonkwang Univ. from February.1st.2004 to March.31th.2005. The subjects were constituted of primary headache(including migraine) patients who were examined by Iris Constitution analysis. Results & Conclusion : Among 50 cases of primary headache(including migraine) the distribution of Iris Constitution were as follows. 1. There were 14 cases of neurogenic type, 9 cases of abdominal connective tissue weakness type, 8 cases of cardio-renal connective tissue weakness type, 6 cases of neurogenic + abdominal connective tissue weakness type, 5 cases of neurogenic type+ cardio-renal connective tissue weakness type, 5 cases of abdominal connective tissue weakness type + cardio-renal connective tissue weakness type, 2 cases of hydrogenic type, 1 case of abdominal connective tissue weakness type + mesenchymal pathological connective tissue weakness constitution. 2. There were 25 cases of which included neurogenic constitution, 21 cases of which included abdominal connective tissue weakness constitution, 18 cases of which included cardio-renal connective tissue. Migraine have a meaningful interrelation with Iris constitution, especially with neurogenic type, abdominal connective tissue weakness type and cardio-renal connective tissue weakness type. 3. Interrelation between Region of migraine and Iris constitution is non-specific with the exception of interrelation between pain in all over head with neurogenic type. These results suggest that the further study in connection with these results should be followed. 4. The interrelation between the period of migraine and Iris constitution is not remarkable.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2017

Rapid industrial development has led to a serious problem of pollution in the industrial sector. With the increasing social need for environmental protection, research on air pollution prevention equipment for reducing pollutants in industrial processes is actively being undertaken. The deterioration of existent, installed facilities, their increased emission rates, and the strengthening of the effluent quality standards make complying with permissible emission standards difficult. In fact, installing new electric precipitators or complementing existent facilities is inevitable. The expansion and complementation of the installed electrical precipitators have led to improvements in dust collection efficiency, shorter working times, and lower costs. Because of its easy installation and simple manufacturing process, the production method with the discharge electrode of an electric precipitator is widely used. The following conclusions were reached by classifying discharge electrodes into four types based on the production method and mutually comparing them by their dust collection efficiency. None of the four types used in this study were damaged by impact. However, we were able to confirm some strain from the compression sites of both type A and type B. Both type B and type C are expected to have greater dust collection efficiencies than the other models due to their large vibration transmissibility. Moreover, the high vibrational energy is expected to cause rapping damage during its operation. Particularly, in the case of type B, some of the strain was found at the end of the compression site. The coupling schemes of both type C and type D are out of vibration transmissibility. On the other hand, the ability to maintain straightness and solidity of the side is regarded as outstanding and stable. Type D has outstanding on-site workability, considering the presence of locking, structural stability, and work conditions. From these experiments, we determined that type C is the most ideal connection method of discharge electrode, considering its construction period of renovation. Type C is inferior to type D with regard to on-site workability. However, type C has outstanding dedusting transmission with regard to the straightness, solidity maintenance, and vibration of shearing stress.