• 충청수학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2017

In this paper, we shall study the existence and distribution of conjugate points in Finsler geometry from the viewpoint of the oscillation and Morse index theory.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

The paper proposes the guidelines of application and interpretation for quality and reliability methodologies using deductive or inductive reasoning. The research also reviews Bayesian quality and reliability tools by deductive prior function and inductive posterior function.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-150
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• 1990

Methotrexate (MTX)-poly-L-lysine (PLL) conjugate was relatively stable in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and in plasma. However, liver homogenate accelerated the release of MTX from the conjugate. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of MTX were compared after intramuscular injection of MTX (treatment I) and MTX-PLL conjugate (treatment II), 10 mg/kg as free MTX to rabbits. The peak concentration of MTX in treatment II were significantly lower than those in treatment I. The amount of MTX excreted in 24-hr urine was significantly reduced in treatment II and it suggested that MTX be more metabolized in treatment II than in treatment I. The amounts of MTX remaining in each organ after 24-hr of intramuscular injection were not significantly different in both treatments.

• 한국통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통신학회 1987년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.184-187
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• 1987

The method of Conjugate Gradient(C.G.M) is applied to the solution of current distribution from body of revolution (B.O.R).Using the C.G.M it is possible to analyze electrically large arbtrarily oriented B.O.R. The fundamental differences between C.G.M and moment method are outlined. This method converges for any initial guess and this techniqe gurantees a monotonic convergence. Numerical results are presented for electromagnetic case which show good agreement with moment solution.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.328-339
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• 2018

Background: Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in patients with comorbidities and advanced age. This study evaluated trends in epidemiology of adult pneumococcal disease in Crete, Greece, by identifying serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of consecutive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from adults during an 8-year time period (2009-2016) and the indirect effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccines 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by E-test and serotyping by Quellung reaction. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to penicillin (PNSP) combined with resistance to ${\geq}2$ non-${\beta}$-lactam antimicrobials. Results: A total of 135 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from adults during the study period. Twenty-one serotypes were identified with 17F, 15A, 3, 19A, and 11A, being the most common. The coverage rates of PCV10, and PCV13 were 17.8% and 37.8%, respectively. PCV13 serotypes decreased significantly from 68.4% in 2009 to 8.3% in 2016 (P = 0.002). The most important emerging non-PCV13 serotypes were 17F, 15A, and 11A, with 15A being strongly associated with antimicrobial resistance and MDR. Among all study isolates, penicillin-resistant and MDR strains represented 7.4% and 14.1%, respectively. Predominant PNSP serotypes were 19A (21.7%), 11A (17.4%), and 15A (17.4%). Erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin resistant rates were 30.4%, 15.6%, 16.3%, 16.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Although pneumococcal disease continues to be a health burden in adults in Crete, our study reveals a herd protection effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccination. Surveillance of changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates are necessary to guide optimal prevention and treatment strategies.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.287-300
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• 2018

Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in old adults. The incidence and etiologic distribution of community-acquired pneumonia is variable both geographically and temporally, and epidemiology might evolve with the change of population characteristics and vaccine uptake rates. With the increasing prevalence of chronic medical conditions, a wide spectrum of healthcare-associated pneumonia could also affect the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiological changes associated with community-acquired pneumonia over the decades since pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

The study interprets each of three classification models based on Bath-Tub Failure Rate (BTFR), Extreme Value Distribution (EVD) and Conjugate Bayesian Distribution (CBD). The classification model based on BTFR is analyzed by three failure patterns of decreasing, constant, or increasing which utilize systematic management strategies for reliability of time. Distribution model based on BTFR is identified using individual factors for each of three corresponding cases. First, in case of using shape parameter, the distribution based on BTFR is analyzed with a factor of component or part number. In case of using scale parameter, the distribution model based on BTFR is analyzed with a factor of time precision. Meanwhile, in case of using location parameter, the distribution model based on BTFR is analyzed with a factor of guarantee time. The classification model based on EVD is assorted into long-tailed distribution, medium-tailed distribution, and short-tailed distribution by the length of right-tail in distribution, and depended on asymptotic reliability property which signifies skewness and kurtosis of distribution curve. Furthermore, the classification model based on CBD is relied upon conjugate distribution relations between prior function, likelihood function and posterior function for dimension reduction and easy tractability under the occasion of Bayesian posterior updating.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

빅데이터 분석에서 텍스트 데이터의 활용이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 텍스트 데이터의 분석 기법에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 텍스트 데이터로부터 추출된 키워드 데이터의 분석을 위하여 공액사전분포 기반의 베이지안 학습 방법이 연구된다. 베이지안 통계학은 기존의 데이터에 새로운 데이터가 추가될 때마다 모수를 갱신하는 데이터 학습을 제공하기 때문에 시간에 따라 대용량의 데이터가 생성 및 추가되는 빅데이터 환경에서 효율적인 방법을 제공한다. 제안 방법의 성능과 적용 가능성을 보이기 위하여 실제 특허 빅데이터를 전처리하여 구축된 정형화된 키워드 데이터를 분석하는 사례연구를 수행한다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2021

분자동역학에서의 원자들의 유도전하를 계산하기 위해서는 유도전하를 미지수로 하는 선형방정식을 풀어야 하는데 원자들의 위치가 변화할 때마다 필요한 계산이므로 상당한 계산비용이 요구된다. 따라서 효율적인 유도전하 계산 방법은 다양한 시스템을 해석하기 위해서 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 constraints가 존재하는 Lagrange 방정식의 해에 대한 선형 시스템, 즉 saddle point를 가지는 문제를 해결하기 위해서 Uzawa method를 도입하였다. Uzawa 매개변수가 수렴 속도에 영향을 미치는 단점을 극복하고 행렬 연산의 효율성을 위해서 Schur complement와 preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) 방법을 통해 계산의 효율성을 극대화하는 가속 Uzawa algorithm을 적용한다. 두 금속 나노입자가 전기장에 놓여진 분자동역학 수치모델을 통해서 제시된 방법이 유도전하계산의 수렴성, 효율성 측면에서 모두 향상된 결과를 도출함을 확인하였다. 특히 기존의 가우스 소거법에 의한 계산보다 약 1/10으로 계산비용이 절감되었고, 기본 Uzawa method에 비하여 conjugate gradient (CG)의 높은 수렴성이 입증되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.577-588
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• 1996

The Bayes factor provides a possible hierarchical Bayesian approach for studying the change point problems. A hypothesis for testing change versus no change is considered using predictive distributions. When the underlying distribution is in one-parameter exponential family with conjugate priors, Bayes factors are investigated to the hypothesis above. Finally one example is provided .