• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.378-383
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• 2021

Conjoined twins are rare, and each set of conjoined twins has a unique conjoined anatomy. It is necessary to perform separation to increase the chance of patient survival. Tissue expansion is an advanced technique for providing sufficient soft tissue and skin for wound closure. We report the successful application of rapid tissue expansion in 10-month-old xipho-omphalopagus conjoined twins in Vietnam. A tissue expander was placed on the anterior body between the sternum and umbilicus with a baseline of 70 mL sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). The first injection into the tissue expander began on the 6th day after expander insertion, and injections continued every 2 days with approximately 30-70 mL per injection according to the expansion of the skin. The expander reached 335 mL after six injections and within 10 days. In order to prepare for surgical separation, expansion was completed on the 15th day after insertion. The expanded skin area was estimated to be 180 cm², which was sufficient to cover both patients' skin deficiencies. The twins presented for surgical separation 6 days following the completion of tissue expansion. Both babies were discharged in good health 1 month after separation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 1988

Conjoined twinning is a rare congenital malformation, accounting for 1% of monozygotic twins. Conjoined twins result if twining is initiated after the embryonic disc and rudimentary amnionic sac have been formed and if division of the embryonic disc is incomplete. Recently we experienced a case of conjoined twins, dicephalus dipus dibrachius, who had died at 3 hours of life, and performed autopsy. Autopsy revealed a total duplication of the heads, spines up to sacrum, small bowels, thymus and lungs. Two hearts existed within a common pericardium.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.164-167
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• 1997

Conjoined twins are one of the rarest and most challenging congenital anomalies in pediatric surgery. Successful surgical separation is difficult because it the majority of conjoined twins in is technically typical to separate shared vital organs successfully. The timing of separation is variable, but separation is usually delayed until such infants are relatively mature(i.e, 9-12 months of age). Operative survival was 50 % in the neonatal period, but 90 % in those over 4 months of age. The present case was successfully separated early beacase of cardiac problems in one of the twins. These twins were omphalopagus and only the liver was shared through a bridge. The vascular and biliary trees were independent from each other. Successful surgical separation was on 11th day of life, but one died of sepsis 18 days after operation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2006

This case was found in Holstein cow suffering from dystocia. The twin calves in uterus were dead and removed by fetotomy. Gross anatomical analysis of thoracopagus siamese calf was carried out. Two normal heads were present on two necks, however, the twins were fused in the thoracic region. There were four forelimbs and an abnormal orientation of ribs. Two separate vertebral columns along the length of the animal ended with two tails. A single pericardium lay on the midline when opening the thorax. However, there were two almost completely hearts within the pericardial sac. Two heart were joined by a common cavernous venous sinuous. There were two sets of lungs. Each twins had a separate esophagus that entered a separated stomach. A large liver was fused and connected into two duodenums. The pelvis, large intestines and urinary tracts were separated. The twins are female and have a full complement of limb.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.97-99
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• 2016

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.148-160
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• 2011

Thirty-one gross abnormalities that have been observed in tilapia are described: 10 fin, five eye, five jaw, four body shape, three head, two yolk sac, one operculum, and conjoined twins. Twenty-one have been described in published papers; the others were obtained from a survey. Breeding experiments revealed that three were heritable, while six were not heritable. Five could be caused by a bacterial infection, and one could be produced by a fungus. Four deformities were in offspring of males that had been injected with methyl methane sulphonate. Three were produced when sperm was treated with methyl methane sulphonate. Six were observed during sex reversal studies, and one was found following heat shock of fertilized eggs. Three were observed in polluted river water. The cause of other deformities is not known.