• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to closely describe the meaning of the clothing conformity behavior of female consumers in today's society. In this process, the vanity scale was used as a precedence variable, on the other hand, clothing consumption value and information search behavior was used as outcome variable, which has an effect on the clothing conformity behavior. The subjects were 300 females who live in Seoul and Kyung-gi. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Factor analysis, Regression and ANOVA using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, the vanity scale was classified into four factors, a concern and a positive view for each achievement and appearance. Clothing consumption value was divided into five factors; fashion, appearance attractiveness, emotional, social and functional clothing consumption value. Clothing conformity behavior was classified into three factors; normal, informational, and identified conformity factor. Second, various vanity scales influenced the clothing conformity behavior factors. In particular, concern for achievement and appearance were more important factors to clothing conformity behavior. Among six clothing consumption values, fashion was a more significant factor affected by clothing conformity behavior. Also, various conformity behaviors influenced the information search behaviors. Finally, according to age, school record, and pocket money, there were significant differences in clothing conformity behaviors and vanity factors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.173-184
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescent consumers' consumption trends to identify their tendency for conspicuous consumption. To investigate adolescent consumers' consumption factors and conspicuous propensity for consumption, mass media, peers' effects & conformity were examined. The objects of the study are 503 middle and high school students in Seoul. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis by using SPSS Win 12.0. The major results of this study are as follows: Firstly, the factors of gender, grade and allowance suggest a consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption is revealed to be the highest among female students rather than male students, and high school students rather than middle school ones. Allowance is significantly correlated with consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption. Secondly, factors that affect the propensity for the consumption-oriented attitude of adolescent consumers are mass media, peer conformity, and effects. Thirdly, the factors affecting the propensity for the conspicuous consumption of adolescent consumers are peers' effects, mass media, and peer conformity. This investigation could contribute to enhancing the understanding of adolescent consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2021

The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has brought to light the importance of having a reliable supply of masks for each person. This study aims to understand the effect of personal awareness (including community, others', and safety awareness) on consumption conformity and the repurchase intention of masks. The research method used the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistical systems to analyze descriptive statistics in terms of reliability, validity, structural equation modeling, and moderated regression analysis. A total of 272 Chinese participants were recruited via an online survey website (www.sojump.com) from May 1 to May 14, 2020. Findings indicated that mask users' awareness can be categorized into three distinct types: community, others', and safety awareness. The more community and safety awareness is perceived, the higher the level of consumption conformity. In contrast, others' has no statistical effect on consumption conformity or repurchase intention. The positive influence of consumption conformity on the repurchase intention of masks is also weaker than price perception. However, another moderating variable, mask quality, has no moderating effect. The results of this study can help mask manufacturers and distributors retain their customers, resulting in reasonable protective measures while maintaining market order. Theoretical and managerial implications for mask suppliers are also provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1215-1226
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop a model of adolescent's conspicuous consumption on clothes. For this study, questionnaires were administered to 400 adolescents in Kwang-Ju. Employing a sample of 283, data were analyzed by using the structural equation model of the Lisrel analysis, in addition to cronbach's alpha coefficient for reliability and confirmatory factor analysis for validity. The results of this study was found that a conceptual model for adolescent's conspicuous consumption on clothes was judged to provide acceptable goodness of fit. Specifically, materialism and clothing conformity had a direct effect on conspicuous consumption on clothes, and materialism, hedonic shopping orientation and clothing interests had a indirect effect on conspicuous consumption on clothes. The results indicated that clothing conformity had important influence on conspicuous consumption and its influence on adolescent's conspicuous consumption was mediated by materialism, hedonic shipping orientation and clothing interests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1285-1296
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• 2011

This study examines the effects of fashion and beauty consumption behavior on self-satisfaction. A questionnaire method was used for the study method and the subjects of the study were females in their 20s- 50s. A total of 580 sets of questionnaires were distributed and 554 sets were used for the final analysis; in addition, SPSS 12.0 statistics program was utilized for factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were: First, the factors of fashion consumption behavior are composed of physical supplementation, social symbolism, appearance styling, sexuality and conformity and those of beauty involvement consisted of hair styling, skin management, make-up and body shaping. Self-satisfaction was divided into living satisfaction, appearance satisfaction, economic satisfaction and interpersonal relations satisfaction. Second, (because of the examination of the effects of fashion consumption behavior on self-satisfaction) fashion physical supplementation and appearance styling of fashion consumption behavior influenced living satisfaction and interpersonal relations satisfaction for females in their 20s. However, fashion consumption behavior did not influence satisfaction for those in their 30s. It was shown that the social conformity factor of fashion consumption behavior influenced appearance satisfaction of self- satisfaction for those in their 40s and the conformity factor of fashion consumption behavior gave a negative influence on life satisfaction and economic satisfaction of self-satisfaction for those in their 50s. It was found (for beauty consumption behavior) that the body-shaping factor influenced economic satisfaction and interpersonal relations satisfaction of self-satisfaction for all age levels.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2019

Because the hospital building operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year for treatment and restoration of patients, it has a different pattern of energy use than that of ordinary buildings. Hospitals contribute to energy consumption and have a negative environmental impact. This study aims to find how meaningful energy performance, reflecting good energy management and ECMs, can be operated for hospital buildings, a category encompassing complex buildings with different systems and large differences between them. In this study, we proposed the energy diagnosis & evaluation method and energy management process to verify energy saving through operation data based on system & facility characteristics, operation pattern and energy consumption characteristics of hospital building. Energy consumption structures were surveyed throughout 4 reference hospital in Seoul, Korea. Findings confirm that different hospital departments have hugely different energy-demand profiles. Energy efficiency and energy saving potentials are presented. The energy performance analysis can be applied to a wide range of problems in energy-system operation.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.321-336
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• 2022

The purpose of this study aims to investigate how consumer awareness and purchasing behavior are affected by the type of animosity against the nation. This study classified animosity into three categories: sociocultural, economic, and war-based. Additionally, the consumer's cognition toward animosity was split into two categories-empathic concernt and personal distress-and the direction of consumption behavior was split into two categories-individual brand avoidance behavior and collective bandwagon behavior. The concept of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was introduced for the direction of consumption behavior, further validating the moderating impact. Structural equation modeling method was used to measure the general consumption behvior of Korean consumers' animosity. The results were analyzed using a total of 279 samples. As a result, animosity motivated by war and by economics had a substantial impact on empathic concern, while animosity motivated by socioculture had a significant impact on personal distress. Personal distress had a good impact on an individual's brand antipathy behavior, which in turn led to brand dislike and avoidance. Empathic concern also had a positive impact on the phenomena of group sympathy, which leads to identification of conduct and social conformity. Also, it was proven that the group that had a high level of FoMO reacted strongly to the phenomenon of group collective behavior.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1320-1333
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate high school students' buying attitudes toward school uniform brands according to clothing conformity orientation. For this research, a survey was carried out to 418 boy and girl students in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. The data analysis of this study was verified by descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability tests, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA with Duncan-test, and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results are as follows. First, high school students preferred and had strong intentions to buy school uniforms of famous leading brands although they were not satisfied with famous brands. Especially, respondents tended to have favorable attitudes toward sophisticated and luxurious designs of famous school uniform brands. Second, respondents who had a conformity to parents tended to follow parents' opinions by purchasing famous brand uniforms. The conformity group of mass media preferred famous brands, and acquired the information about uniforms from various mass media such as television or magazines. A peer conformity group also preferred leading brands. Based on results of this study, curriculum of home education department should consist of contents for inducing rational consumption of uniforms by considering students' inclination of conformity. In terms of marketing perspectives, school uniforms firms need to reinforce strategies to improve products' quality and value for money.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.2 s.101
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• pp.45-55
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to identify clothing attitudes and purchasing motives according to consumption orientation of Chinese middle aged women. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Factors of shopping orientation were rich & fashion, economy & profit, traditional virtue & leisure utilizing, and frugality & pragmatism. Chinese middle aged women were classified into practicality pursuit group, material & fashion pursuit group, conservative leisure utilizing group, and negative stagnating group. 2. Factors of clothing attitudes were fashion, self-confidence & symbol, politeness, comfort, and luxury. Practicality pursuit group considered politeness of clothing more and did not purchase impulsively, but material & fashion pursuit considered many factors of clothing attitudes most. Conservative leisure utilizing group considered economy most, but negative stagnate group considered less. 3. Factors of clothing purchasing motives were fashion & conformity, fitness, impulse, and practical needs. Practicality pursuit group purchased clothing because of practical needs, but material & fashion pursuit group purchased of fashion & conformity, fitness, impulse, and practical needs.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.612-620
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• 2017

Power consumption in Southeast Asia is steadily increasing due to industrialization and the effects of hot and humid climates. However, there are not enough energy generation facilities and infrastructures to meet the growing demand because it is difficult to secure the construction and operation costs of the transmission and distribution systems. This study aims to develop a gas engine driven heat pump system that supplies heating, cooling and electric power to buildings. This system, besides its normal function to produce heat, has the capacity to generate electricity on a household level. This paper investigates similar cases overseas before developing the system. Through the investigation of commercialized similar systems, the level of technology and market trend of development system were identified. Features and specifications of commercial and industrial systems will be used for system development.