• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.224-229
• /
• 2018

Background: The patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are known to have a high incidence of breakthrough nausea and vomiting due to the conditioning regimen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of antiemetic therapy for breakthrough nausea and vomiting in patients receiving HSCT and to propose an effective treatment regimen. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 109 adult patients. The collected data were used to identify (1) antiemetic and dosing regimens prescribed for controlling breakthrough nausea and vomiting, (2) the rate of patients who developed breakthrough nausea and vomiting, and (3) the percent of antiemetics prescribed on the day of symptom onset. Based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline, we assessed the suitability of antiemetics for breakthrough nausea and vomiting, and prescription timing. Results: All patients were prescribed pro re nata antiemetics. About 40.0%, 41.4%, and 18.6% of patients were using one, two, and three or more additional drugs for breakthrough nausea and vomiting, respectively. The most frequently administered drugs were intravenous metoclopramide (43.8%) and granisetron patch (36.2%). Breakthrough nausea and vomiting occurred in 87 patients (79.1%) and they developed symptoms 320 cases. About 220 cases (68.8%) were treated with additional antiemetics on the day of symptom onset and the rate of symptom resolution was only 10.3% (9 patients). Conclusion: The breakthrough nausea and vomiting in patients receiving HSCT occurred very frequently and was hard to control, thus requiring more rapid and aggressive treatments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.13-31
• /
• 1982

Factors affecting on dewatering characteristics of anaerobically digested or/and elutriated sludges were examined from 15 January 1982 to 30 April 1982, results obtained were as follows 1. Sludges, either anaerobically digested or/and elutriated sludges, which were produced at the Joong Rang Cheon Sewage Treatment Plant wore found to be compressive in its nature, coefficient of compressibility ranged from 0.83 for unelutriated and 1.10 for elutriated. 2. Dosage of FeC13 for the anaerobically digested sludges were difficult to establish for the most favorable dosage rate, though the filterability indicated linear improvement with increased dosage from dosing rate excess of over 15% in terms of dry solids by weight, under the conditions of this examination. Optimum filterability were obtained with 9~11% of $FeCl_3$ for elutriated sludges, and required CaO, as aids, were appeared to be 2.5~3.5 times that of the $FeCl_3$ at that point by weight. 3. The specific resistances for anaerobically digested sludges showed higher value than the elutriated one, being $11 \times 10^{12} ~ 20 \times 10^{12}$ cm/g with no chemical conditioning, and $2 \times 10^{12} ~ 11 \times 10^{12}$ cm/g with conditioned ($FeCl_3$ + CaO) contrast to $0.5 \times 10^{12} ~ 2.0 \times 10cm/g$ for the elutriated. 4. The strength of the alkalinities before and after elutriation were measured to 10,000 ~ 15,000 mg/l and 1,500 ~ 2,000mg/l respectively. These alkalinities affected greatly on the filterabilities together with concentration of the organic matters in the sludges. 5. The yields with 11% $FeCl_3$, by weight to the DS, on the elutriated sludges averaged to $14.7 kg/m^2.hr$, and $3.2kg/m^2.hr$ for unelutriated sludges. Which was 4.6 times of not elutriated sludges. Elutriated sludges without chemical conditioner added showed much better filterabilities than with 15% of $FeCl_3$ added to the anaerobically digested and unelutriated sludges.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 1993

This experiment was carried out to the effect of population densities on the growth reproduction, cast production of the earthworm and chemical composition of worm casts. The population densities of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 individuals of the earthworm fed with cow manure was studied in rearing box($6,400cm^3$) and fertility stage during a period of 60 days. The results were summarized as follows 1. Survival rates(SR) of the earthworms had significantly positive correlated with increasing rate(IR). But, survival rates(SR) and increasing rate(IR) had significantly negative correlated with reproductive efficiency(RE). 2. The ranges of optimum population densities estimated were $42.7cm^3-128.0cm^3/worm$. 3. The cast production estimated were 36.5mg-80.9mg/day/worm grown in optimum population densities(50-150 worms/$6,400cm^3$). 4. The earthworm castings are an excellent soil conditioning material with a high chemical composition and their physical properties.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.525-538
• /
• 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired fear extermination, hyperarousal, and anxiety that may involve the release of monoamines in the fear circuit. The reported pharmacological properties of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) include anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuropsychiatric activities. However, the anxiolytic-like effects of TMP and its mechanism of action in PTSD are unclear. This study measured several anxiety-related behavioral responses to examine the effects of TMP on symptoms of anxiety in rats after single prolonged stress (SPS) exposure by reversing the serotonin (5-HT) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Rats were given TMP (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days after SPS exposure. Administration of TMP significantly reduced grooming behavior, increased the time spent and number of visits to the open arm in the elevated plus maze test, and significantly increased the number of central zone crossings in the open field test. TMP administration significantly reduced the freezing response to contextual fear conditioning and significantly restored the neurochemical abnormalities and the SPS-induced decrease in 5-HT tissue levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The increased 5-HT concentration during TMP treatment might be partially attribute to the tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid mRNA level expression in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. These findings support a role for reducing the altered serotonergic transmission in rats with PTSD. TMP simultaneously attenuated the HPA axis dysfunction. Therefore, TMP may be useful for developing an agent for treating psychiatric disorders, such those observed in patients with PTSD.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.406-416
• /
• 2011

In this study, we have verified the memory and cognitive enhancing effect of Longanae Arillus, the fruit of Euphoria longana Lamarck, which has been used as a tonic and for the treatment of amnesia, insomnia, and palpitations in oriental medicine. To investigate the effect of Longanae Arillus water extract(LAE) on the memory and cognitive dysfunction, scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected in C57BL/6 mice and several behavior tests including Y-maze, Morris water-maze, passive avoidance and fear conditioning tests were conducted. Administration of LAE (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) effectively improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment and dysfunction. To further determine the possible molecule mechanism of LAE, we have examined the activity and/or mRNA expression of diverse proteins involved in the acetylcholine metabolism. LAE particularly increased the amount of acetylcholine in the cortex which was mediated by suppression of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity. In addition, LAE elevated the mRNA expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs) without affecting the mRNA levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE). In another experiment, LAE effectively inhibited mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL1-${\beta}$), which seemed to be mediated by inhibition of upstream transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$ and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). These results demonstrate that Longanae Arillus can increase acetylcholine amount the cortex via regulation of AchE activity as well as mAchRs expression and decrease pro-inflammatory responses via inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway, thereby having therapeutic potential to improve memory and cognitive deficit in amnesia.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 1995

This experiment was carried out to the effects of population density and C/N ratios of feed on the growth, reproductive effciency and cast producation of the earthworm(Eisenia foetida). The population densities of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 individuals of the earthworm fed with different C/N ratios of 25, 35, 45 and 55 cow manures were studied in rearing box($6,400cm^3$), and at the fertility stage during a period of 60 days. The results were summarized as follows; The survial rate(SR), increasing rate(IR), reproductive efficiency(RE) and cast production of the earthworms showed highest values in C/N ratio of 25. These results may indicate that C/N ratio of 25 is a very favourable feed for the growth of the earthworms. The survial rate(SR) indicated significant positive correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different C/N ratios of feeds. The survial rate(SR) showed highest values in population densities of $50{\sim}100$ worms/$6,400cm^3(64.0{\sim}128.0cm^3/worm$). On the contrary, increasing rate(IR) tended to decreased with the increased population densities. The survival rate(SR) indicated significant negative correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different population densities of the earthworms. The cast production estimated were $31.6mg{\sim}67.4mg/day/worm$ grown in optimum population densities($50{\sim}100\;worms/6,400cm^3$). The earthworm casting are an excellent soil conditioning material or organic fertilizer sources with a high chemical composition and their physical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.196-202
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated phosphate removal efficiency according to pretreatment (pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, particle size) of oyster shells as a basic study for their recycling. And XAFS analysis and isothermal adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the phosphate removal characteristics of oyster shells. As a result, the removal efficiency was good at $600^{\circ}C$ pyrolysis temperature with 6 hour pyrolysis time and 0.355 ~ 0.075 mm particle size. Isothermal adsorption experiments showed that the Langmuir model is suitable for adsorption of oyster shells. XAFS analysis showed that calcium phosphate formed on the oyster shell pyrolyzed at $600^{\circ}C$. In other words, it was confirmed that the formation of calcium phosphate by the calcium ion elution of the oyster shell contributes to the decrease of phosphate concentration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.201-216
• /
• 1990

A variety of surface pre-treatments have been advocated to prepare the dentin prior to placement of a bonding agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various dentin conditioners upon the degree of resin impregnation to the dentinal tubules and the shear bond strength of a new dentinal bonding agent (Scotchbond 2) used in conjunction with a visible light cured composite (Silux). The healthy eighty human molars extracted due to periodontal or orthodontic reasons were used and randomly divided into five groups. All the grinded dentin surfaces were conditioned with 3% $H_2O_2$, Cavity Cleanser (Columbus/Bayer), Dentin Conditioner (GC Inter. Corp.), Scotchprep (3M Co.) according to the manufacturer's directions. The specimens were then demineralized in 10% HCl for 20 sec. and 24 hrs. in order to observe the resin tags in Hitachi X-450 scanning electron microscope at 25KV. Also, shear strengths were obtained using an Instron Testing Machine with a cross head speed of 1 mm/min. The following results were obtained ; 1. In group treating with Dentin Conditioner and Scotchprep, the resin strings were formed on most of the surfaces and penetrated more than $50{\mu}m$ into the tubules. 2. The inner surface of resin treated with Cavity Cleanser, indicating the resin strings formed partly and penetrated about in depth of $30{\mu}m$. 3. In control and experimental group treated with 3% $H_2O_2$, the resin tags were not formed, if any, penetrated shortly. 4. Shear bond strengths in groups treating with Dentin Conditioner and Scotchprep were statistically significant increase than with 3% $H_2O_2$. (P<0.01). 5. The Scotchprep treatment group was significantly higher in shear strength than groups treated with no conditioning and Cavity Cleanser.(P<0.01) 6. Shear bond strengths evaluated were gradually increase in proportion to the tag length of resin impregnation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2002

Background: The possibility that G-CSF recruits leukemic cells from the G0 to S phase, which may lead to a greater susceptibility to cytotoxic drugs, such as ara-C, has been presented in Harada's study. Methods: In this study, we referred to the protocol of Harada et al 1 to try G-CSF combined marrow-ablative chemotherapy and autologous PBSCT, for the treatment of AML patients in CR1 status. Between January 1997 and March 1998, six AML patients (3: children, 3: adults) in CR1 status were autografted and followed up to 3 years. Results: The major regimen related toxicity was composed of mucositis and diarrhea without death. The time of ANC recovery to 500/L and 1,000/L was 11~48 and 16~81 days, respectively. The mean time of platelet recovery to 20,000/L and 50,000/L was 21~233 and 35~370 days, respectively. The platelet recovery time to 50,000/L was markedly prolonged for more than 100 days in four patients (66.7%). Moreover, four patients (66.7%) experienced a relapse of leukemia after transplantation, with a mean interval of 147.5 days after PBSCT. Two patients were in CR status for 53 and 51 months after PBSCT, respectively. Conclusion: The G-CSF combined marrow-ablative chemotherapy and autologous PBSCT resulted in a markedly delayed platelet recovery and no advantages for decreasing the relapse rate of AML. But, further studies will be warranted.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2024

1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecytriethoxysilane (C₁₆H₁₉F₁₇O₃Si) be successfully applied to the hydrophobic modification of Al₂O₃ tubular ceramic membrane. Taking the concentration of modification solution, modification time, and modification temperature as factors, orthogonal experiments were designed to study the hydrophobicity of the composite membranes. The experiments showed that the modification time had the greatest impact on the experimental results, followed by the modification temperature, and the modification solution concentration had the smallest impact. Concentration of the modified solution 0.012 mol·L^-1, modification temperature 30 ℃ and modification time 24 h were considered optimal hydrophobic modification conditions. And the pure water flux reached 274.80 kg·m^-2·h^-1 at 0.1MPa before hydrophobic modification, whereas the modified membrane completely blocked liquid water permeation at pressures less than 0.1MPa. Air gap membrane distillation experiments were conducted for NaCl (2wt%) solution, and the maximum flux reached 4.20 kg·m^-2·h^-1, while the retention rate remained above 99.8%. Given the scarcity of freshwater resources in coastal areas, the article proposed a system for seawater desalination using air conditioning waste heat, and conducted preliminary research on its freshwater production performance using Aspen Plus. Finally, the proposed system achieved a freshwater production capacity of 0.61 kg·m^-2·h^-1.