• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.55-78
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• 2016

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to research what the name and concept of true-cold damage in Introduction to Medicine were originated from, and to trace the origin and changes of categorization of it after the book. Methods : Books concerned with true-cold damage were collected as many as possible, besides ones that Introduction to Medicine referred to, before the name, concept and categorization of it were searched and analysed. Results : The concept of true-cold damage in Introduction to Medicine, which had come from Lei Zheong Huo Ren Shu(類證活人書) in Song dynasty, was more similar to one of cold damage in a broad sense. The name that Li Chan appreciated, was derived from not Shang Han Zhi Ge(傷寒直格), but Shang Han Zheng Zhi Ming Tiao(傷寒證治明條) in Song dynasty. On the other hand, since Tao Hua(陶華) began to go into the details of cold damage in a narrow sense, most books had followed it. Whereas 11 diseases among 24 diseases of true-cold damage in Introduction to Medicine indirectly came from Lei Zheong Huo Ren Shu(12 diseases), 14 diseases among them were directly derived from Shang Han Zheng Zhi Ming Tiao(16 diseases) and 10 diseases were added containing syndromes of retained fluid and jaundice. The categorization in Introduction to Medicine scarcely adopted except Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑) and Uimunbogam(醫門寶鑑), while the categorization of true-cold damage in a narrow sense was mostly composed of 2 diseases, that is cold damage(傷寒) and wind damage(傷風). Conclusions : Li Chan had fulfilled the total conditions in which the concept, cause, symptoms, prescriptions and prognosis of 24 diseases in true-cold damage were equipped, in order to build up the system and categorization of it. To our regret, his scientific outcome had been hardly referred after his book.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.431-456
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the appropriate time of introduction and the usage of the number line, in order to suggest the right point of learning the number concept to the elementary school students. For the efficient achievement of this purpose, we investigated the mathematical models for constructing the number concept such as number line, empty number line and double number line, counting and development of number concept. Then, we conducted case study on the time of introduction and the usage of the number line. Finally, we analyzed the result. First, there is need for adjustment to conduct the introduction of the number line from the second year of elementary school, so to help the students understand the continuing number concept through the understanding on the metaphorical concept of the number line. Second, there is the need of positive introduction and the use on the mathematical models; empty number line which helps to draw various thinking strategy visually through the process of operations such as addition and subtraction; the division into equal part and division by equal part in which multiplicative comparative situation or division takes place; the double number line which helps to understand the rate or proportional distribution. Finally, when adopting the number line, the empty number line, or the double number line, we suggested the necessity of learning about elaborate guidance and the usage in order to fully understand the metaphorical concept of the number line.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2021

Purpose - According to the actual change of the logistics concept, the outsourcing activities of companies are actively progressing, and this is proceeding to third-party logistics and fourth-party logistics. This change in logistics situation raises the need for an in-depth understanding of four-party logistics. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, first of all, the theoretical aspects of changes in the logistics concept are identified, along with the outsourcing and third-party logistics. Finally, the concept of four-party logistics, the background of its introduction, and future prospects will be explored. Result - The meaning of physical distribution is now passing through the existing three-party logistics and entering the era of four-way logistics. In addition, cost reduction and improvement of customer service through advanced logistics strategy can be said to be the company's competitiveness. Through this study, it can be seen that the conceptual change of logistics and the introduction of four-party logistics are closely related to the survival of the company's deficit in the market. Conclusion - In modern society, logistical competitiveness is the competitiveness of a company, and logistical activities of a company can be achieved through the process of entering the four-party logistics from the existing third-party logistics based on outsourcing. Then more customer-oriented service can be provided.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.179-191
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• 2001

The Study investigated the contexts and probable difficulties of the teaching of the number of cases and the introduction of probability concept. In our mathematical curriculum, the contexts of the teaching of probability can be classified into five cases. We suggested some intuitive diagrams to be likely to decrease the cognitive complications caused by the equal possibilities of the unit event in the cases, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare the elementary science curriculum and textbooks of Korea, the United States, Japan, and Singapore to know how the contents on particulate concept of matter is introduced and expressed. In Korea, particulate concept of matter was adopted as a term for 'molecules' in the 3rd through 6th curriculum, and the term for 'particles' was adopted in the 2009 revised curriculum. In the United States, NGSS adopted the term 'particle' in fifth grade. Japan presented the concept of 'particle' as a core concept of matter in the commentary, and the expressions 'particles' were being introduced in the textbooks. But it did not cover particulate nature of matter at the elementary school level in Singapore. An analysis of elementary textbooks in Korea, the United States and Japan except Singapore showed particulate expressions in 'dissolution', 'state change of water', 'gas pressure and volume', 'combustion and extinguishment' units. Korean textbook was only being introduced in 'dissolution' and 'gas pressure and volume', but in the textbooks of Japan and the United States, water was expressed as particles in 'state change of water' unit. Discussion and implication on the introduction of particulate concept to elementary science curriculum and textbooks were suggested based on the results.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.153-167
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• 2012

KB Kookmin Card has separated as an independent corporation from KB Kookmin Bank Credit Card Business Group on March, 2011. Ever since, KB Kookmin Card worked to build its own brand identity. The strategic preparation and conscientious implementations made KB Kookmin Card position in consumer's mind with a strong and unique brand image. Its new brand image was rooted in the inherited strengths of reliable and sincere image. However, it faced the challenge to compete in credit card industry in which most competitors had an advanced and sophisticated image. The strengths of KB Kookmin Card were also at the same time their limitations. KB Kookmin Card took a strategy that strengthened the strengths and improved the weaknesses. It focused on the core competence of being a people's sincere life supporter that helps people make savings from everyday events to make a good sum rather than being a lump sum benefit. The brand introduction strategy was implemented in 2011. The implementation focused on the activities that made internal as well as external customers be aware of the brand. Communication programs using a variety of media were executed to attain this goal. In 2012, second phase communication programs were introduced to elaborate the newly established brand image. It introduced many extended products as well as accessory programs which targeted the segments. Also, various CSR activities in many social domains helped consumers and the public to consider KB Kookmin Card an authentic, caring, trustworthy, and consistently-developing supporter in their everyday lives.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.17 no.3 s.95
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• pp.31-34
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• 1978

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2005

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.18 no.2 s.68
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• pp.41-44
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• 2005