• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2004

This study selected 10 university football male players and repeatedly treated them as sports massage group, exercise resumption group, and stability resumption. After maximum exercise, when sport massage, exercise resumption, and stability resumption were applied during recovery, blood lactic acid concentration and $LDH_5$ isozyme concentration were examined. Finally this study obtains the following conclusion 1. There was a significant difference in both lactic acid concentration and time between groups. Besides, the cross-action on group and time was significant. 2. There was a significant difference in both $LDH_5$ concentration and time between groups. Besides, the cross-action on group and time was significant. Based on the above findings, this study suggests that sport massage resumption and exercise resumption remove blood lactic acid more quickly than stability resumption to promote recovery. That means that sport massage and exercise resumption anre very effective for lowering the level of fatigue. Thus sport massage or exercise resumption treatment is considered to have a very positive effect on player's quick recovery and it should be used aggressively in a field.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2013

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process suffers from emulsion instability problem. So far, emulsion produced by mechanical methods such as stirrer and homogenizer has big size and high emulsion breakage. This paper discussed the application of emulsion produced by sonicator to extract cadmium in a batch ELM system. The emulsions consist of N,N-Dioctyl-1-octanamine (trioctylamine/TOA), nitrogen trihydride (ammonia/NH4OH), sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), and kerosene as carrier, stripping solution, emulsifying agent, and organic diluent, respectively. Effects of comprehensive parameters on extraction efficiency of Cd(II) such as emulsification time, extraction time, stirring speed, surfactant concentration, initial feed phase concentration, carrier concentration, volume ratio of the emulsion to feed phase, and pH of initial feed phase were evaluated. The results showed that extraction efficiencies of Cd(II) greater than 98% could be obtained under the following conditions: 15 minutes of emulsification time, 4 wt.% of Span 80 concentration, 4 wt.% of TOA concentration, 15 minutes of extraction time, 250 rpm of stirring speed, 100 ppm of initial feed concentration, volume ratio of emulsion to feed phase of 1:5, and initial feed pH of 1.53.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2008

Extraction characteristics of garlic and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 26.41% was obtained at microwave power of 146.29 W, ethanol concentration of 63.31 %, and extraction time of 5.88 min. At microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time of 114.84 W, 58.83%, and 1.42 min, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability (EDA) was 72.86%. Maximum nitrite-scavenging ability was 94.62% at microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time of 81.83 W, 2.65%, and 3.83 min, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 49.12% at microwave power of 34.23 W, ethanol concentration of 33.11 %, and extraction time of 4.40 min. Based on superimposition of 4-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, nitrite-scavenging ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were microwave power of 0-100 W, ethanol concentration of 40-70%, and extraction time of 2-8 min.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 1993

The concentrations of $SO_2$ and $SO_3$ were measured to estimate a new developed long time exposure $SO_2$ sampler at Onsan industrial area considering the meteorological factors from June to October, 1992. The mean concentration of $SO_3$ by $PbO_2$ method was 0.924 mg $SO_3 / 10cm^2$ $PbO_2$/day and their high values were shown in the center of the industrial area, which show potential pollution due to the increase of industrial activities and micrometeorological factors in and around the sites. As a result of statistical correlation between $SO_2$ concentration by new sampling method and $SO_3$ concentration by $PbO_2$ method in July and August, 1992, correlation coefficients were high (r=0.87, 0.91) and shown more than 0.83 value in the high concentration data set, which was arbitrarily divided into 7~10${\mu}l$$SO_2$ concentration in an attempt to further investigate these relationships. Therefore, use of new developed long time exposure TEX>$SO_2$ sampler is good for TEX>$SO_2$ measurement and valuable for estimation of air quality in the urban and industrial area. Key Words : a new developed long time exposure TEX>$SO_2$ sampler, correlation coefficients, high, $SO_2$ measurement, estimation of air Quality.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 단위도 이론인 Nash 순간단위도의 구조를 이용하여 유역의 저류상수 및 집중시간을 추정하는 경험적인 방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 Nash 모형을 이론적으로 해석하여 구한 집중시간 및 저류상수에 기초하고 있다. 보다 근본적으로는 반복적인 계산을 통해 유역을 대표하는 선형저수지의 개수 및 저류상수의 수렴된 값을 찾아내는 형태로 되어 있다. 이는 HEC-HMS 등에서 채택하고 있는 최적화기법 적용의 문제점을 극복하고자 하는 것이다. 제안된 방법론은 평창강 유역의 방림지점에 적용하였으며, 또한 물리적으로 타당한 값을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the morphological and physical changes of hair after bleaching treatments with different concentration of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching agent (3, 6, 9, or 12%) and various treatment time (10, 30, or 60 minutes). Tresses of virgin black hair were bleached using a commercial ammonium persulfate-hydrogen peroxide solution. The tensile strength of virgin hair treated with a bleaching agent depended on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the treatment time. As the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching agent went high and the treatment time increased, the tensile strength of the hair increased but the extension degree decreased. The virgin hairs which were not treated by bleaching agent showed morphologically healthy cuticle, whereas the bleached hairs showed swelled and damaged cuticle patterns. The swelling of the hair and the breaks of the cuticles increased positively by the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the treatment time. These results suggest that exposure to more concentrated hydrogen peroxide with other bleaching components may lead to more severe hair damage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2007

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize extraction conditions for finding the maximal functional properties of Pleurotus eryngii. Based on central composite design, the study plan was established with variations of microwave power (30-150 W), ethanol concentration (0-99.9%), and extraction time (1-9 min). Regression analysis was applied to obtain a mathematical model. A maximal yield of 47.86% was obtained when the microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time were set at 122.7 W, 42.14%, and 8.3 min, respectively. A maximized electron donating ability of 93.32% was found under the following conditions: a microwave power of 144.19 W, an ethanol concentration of 49.52%, and an extraction time of 6.7 min. When the microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time were set at 125.43 W, 40.54%, and 8.1 min, respectively, the maximum nitrite-scavenging ability was 80.47%. The optimum ranges of the extraction conditions, superimposed by the response surface methodology, could predicate a microwave power of 110-150 W, ethanol concentration of 0-45%, and extraction time of 7-9 min.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 간단한 단위도 이론인 Nash 모형을 이용하여 유역 저류상수 및 집중시간의 문제를 이론적으로 고찰해 보았다. 먼저, Nash 순간단위도의 저류상수 및 집중시간을 그 정의에 따라 유도하고, 각각의 특성은 물론 둘 사이의 관계를 검토하였다. 추가로, 국내에서 많이 사용되고 있는 저류상수 및 집중시간의 경험공식들을 유도된 Nash 모형의 저류상수 및 집중시간 특성과 비교 검토하였다. 이 과정을 통해 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) Nash 순간단위도의 집중시간은 선형저수지의 개수에 거의 선형적으로 비례하는 형태를 가지나 저류상수는 비선형적으로 제곱근에 비례하는 형태를 가진다. 즉, 선형저수지의 수를 4배로 증가시키면 집중시간은 약 4배 증가하게 되나 저류상수는 약 2배 증가하는데 그치게 된다. 이러한 결과는 특히 유역분할에 따른 집중시간과 저류상수의 변화를 이해하는데 중요하다. (2) Nash 순간단위도의 집중시간과 저류상수의 관계는 서로 독립적이 아니며, 따라서 두 매개변수가 서로 독립적으로 결정되는 것은 물리적으로 타당하지 않다. 두 매개변수 중 집중시간이 선형저수지의 개수에 보다 민감하므로 이를 먼저 결정하고 저류상수의 경우는 기 결정된 집중시간을 반영하여 결정하는 것이 보다 바람직한 방법으로 이해할 수 있다. (3) 유역의 집중시간과 관련한 경험공식은 크게 선형하천의 개념에 충실한 경우와 그렇지 않은 것으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 각각의 경우에 포함된 식의 형태는 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 집중시간을 결정하는 유역의 특성인자가 대체로 유사함을 의미하며, 또한 유역 전반에 걸쳐 일관된 식의 형태를 적용하는 지역화가 가능함을 의미한다. (4) 유역의 저류상수와 관련해서 검토한 Russell 공식 등의 경우 그 적용범위 설정에 유역의 물리적인 특성을 충분히 고려할 수 있어, 비합리적인 적용은 충분히 배제될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1994

This study was conducted to present a method that determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of chinese whole cabbage kimchi. After Sensory and chemical characteristics of kimchi with various salt concentration in brine, brining time and storage period at equal saltiness were measured, the optimum conditions for the preparation of chinese whole cabbage kimchi were determined with the use of the response surface methodology. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The more salt concentration in brine, the longer brining time and storage period, resulted in the lower pH and the higher titratable acidity of kimchis. As the salt concentration in brine and brining time increased, kimchi reaches at optimum titratable acidity of it within a shorter time. 2. As the salt concentration in brine and brining time increased, content of succinic acid decreased but that of lactic, acetic, and propionic acid increased. Amount of citric, malic and succinic acid decreased but that of lactic, acetic acid increased, with storage day. 3. Sensory data showed that firmness and green cabbage flavor of kimchi decreased while toughness, carbonic mouthfeel, sourness and staled flavor increased with increased salt concentration in brine, brining time and storage day. As the storage period increased, crispness of kimchi decreased. 4. The optimum conditions for the preparation of chinese whole cabbage kimchi were as follows: Optimum salt concentration in brine, brining time, and storage period were 19.5%, 3 hours and 45 minutes, and 12 hours.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.189-194
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• 2007

Kirpich formula was selected as the proper formula for calculating the concentration time at island streams. Kirpich formula can be applied for the expanded range from surface area of $0.453km^2$ and channel bed slope of $3{\sim}5%$ to surface area of $2.0km^2$ and channel bed slope of 1.5%.