• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2016

Due to the continuous increasement of the container cargoes, each container port market has been growing as well. Moreover, the competition among container terminal operators located in the same port is also growing in order to attract more container cargoes. This paper looked into the market structures, market conducts and market performances of container ports in Busan and Shanghai. The index which has been most widely used to measure market structure, the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI), is computed by squaring each supplier's market share, then adding the squared shares. This paper estimated the market performance as profitability (PCM, ROA), growth (total TEU, rate of the increasement of TEU) and examined the effects of the HHI on the profitability and growth in a container terminal operators in Korea and China. The major findings of this study is that the market structure has effects on market performance in Busan port (total TEU) and Shanghai port (PCM, ROA and total TEU). As a result of analysing this study, market structure has an effect on market performance in Busan and Shanghai port, but the power of influence can be changed by market concentration index and various market conduct of companies.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop a simulator which can analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of medical herbs based on e-cell concerning p38 MAPK signal pathway. Methods : We collected data concerning medical herbs with anti-inflammatory effects and the active compounds to provide as a fundamental databse and to validate the newly developed algorithm. At this time, we used the target database as pubmed and gathered the data by data mining tool, pathway studio. Also we have developed the web-based search system for confirming database related to anti-inflammation. We researched the mechanism of actions of proteins in p38 MAPK signal pathway when active compound has been inserted into the network. We reduced total network into TAK-MKK3-p38 and made the two types of mathematical model about active compounds' interaction. Results & Conclusion : We constructed the database which have 69 cases of medical herbs, 71 cases of active compounds, about 8,000 cases of URL(Uniform Resource Locator) related to papers and reports. We designed the ordinary differential equations for response of TAK, MKK3, p38 in e-cell's cytosol and nucleus. We used this formular as measure whether an active compound of medicinal plants which is inputted by an user would have an anti-inflammation effects. We developed the visualization program which could show the change of concentration over time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2004

In case of a fire in road or railway tunnel it is always necessary to keep the escape condition as good as possible. Most of the victims of major fires in tunnels are because they couldn't leave the tunnel in time and were trapped by smoke, or rescue teams couldn't reach the place of the accident due to low visibility and high temperature. In spring 2003 a comprehensive field experiment was undertaken in a large scaled tunnel in Youngin City to test the effectiveness of a new water spray curtain system, designed to the air qualify inside of a tunnel in case of fire during passenger's escape to safe routes, In order to control the smoke propagation, fixed water sprayed nozzles were used to make water curtain system, which can be installed or hanging water piping line below ceiling. The experiment was accompanied by an extensive measurement campaign in order to measure temperature dropping effect and flow conditions as well as CO concentration for various water sprayed curtains produced by sprinkler heads or water spray nozzle. Eventually comparison analysis were undertaken to investigate the performance of water curtains under fixed water pressure. Therefore most effective water curtain system was presented on the basis of water droplet size in long tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.114-125
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• 2008

Colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM) is an important component of ocean color that can be used as an invaluable tool in water quality and ocean color studies. With the largest source of coastal CDOM appearing to be from freshwater discharge into the ocean, coastal predictive models will do much to refine our knowledge about major processes that control CDOM distributions in coastal waters and provide a better insight into the global carbon cycle. This study aims at developing a GIS-based watershed-scale predictive model of CDOM distributions in Neponset river watersheds that can be used to appraise our understanding of CDOM sources and distributions in coastal waters and predict the response of CDOM concentration to changes in land use patterns. Weighting factors are developed for CDOM freshwater sources after extensive groundtruthing from various landuse types in the watershed. This model makes use of a publicly available DEM(Digital elevation model) as the base data for analysis. Stream networks, discharge, and land use data are used from public repositories while sub- watershed delineation, pour-points, and land use parcels are generated using Spatial Analysis of ArcGIS 9.2 to estimate the CDOM loading from various sources to the lower tributaries of rivers. The Neponset Watershed in eastern Massachusetts is selected as the site for development of the model.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.325-335
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• 2013

The study was set for one year to measure the effects of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performances and semen quality in indigenous rams. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from May 2011 to April 2012. Forteen ram lambs (4~5 months) were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7); supplemented vs control. The animals of control group were maintained on natural grazing. Along with natural grazing the supplemented group was on supplemented feeding. The concentrate supplementation (Wheat bran, Crushed maize, Soy bean meal, Fish meal, DCP powder, Vitamin mineral premix, Salt) was provided @ 300 g/head /day to the supplemented group. Body weight, scrotal circumference, BCS and libido index were measured weekly. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty were recorded. Semen was collected once in a weak using artificial vagina and chilled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 48h for evaluation. Concentrate supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) body condition score, age, weight, scrotal circumference at puberty and libido index. Final body weight (kg), growth rate (g/d), scrotal circumference (cm) and scrotal growth rate (mm/15d) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented group of rams compared to control. Volume, concentration, motility and membrane potentiality of spermatozoa were varied significantly (p<0.05) in supplemented and control groups. However, density, mass motility, viability and sperm with normal acrosome, midpiece and tail were not differed insignificantly (p>0.05) in different observation times. It was concluded that concentrate supplementation with free grazing improved weight and scrotal circumference gain and semen production with increased quality in indigenous ram.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.471-477
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• 2009

An experimental removal of dissolved uranium (U) exsiting as uranyl ion (${UO_2}^{2+}$) was carried out using Shewanella p., iron-reducing bacterium. By the microbial reductive reaction, initial U concentration ($50{\mu}M$) was constantly decreased, and most U were removed from solution after 2 weeks. Major mechanism that U was removed from the solution was adsorption, precipitation and mineralization on the microbe surface. Under the transmission electron microscopy, the U adsorbed on the microbe was observed as being crystallized and eventually enlarged to several ${\mu}m$ sizes of minerals by combining with individual microbes and organic exudates. It seems that such U growth and mineralization on the microbial surface could affect the U behavior in a radioactive waste disposal site. Thus, the biogechemical reaction of metal-reducing bacteria observed in this experiment could give an affirmative measure that the microbial activity may retard U movement in subsurface environment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to measure fat-soluble vitamins and minerals in breast milk of Korean lactating mothers who exclusively breastfed their babies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Breast milk samples were collected from 334 mothers. Concentrations of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectrometry while concentrations of minerals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol contents of breast milk were $39.58{\pm}19.64{\mu}g/dL$ and $0.23{\pm}0.13mg/dL$, respectively. Average sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in breast milk were $11.11{\pm}5.16$, $38.56{\pm}9.01$, $27.87{\pm}6.10$, $13.56{\pm}3.30$, and $3.05{\pm}0.65mg/dL$, respectively. Contents of trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese were $40.26{\pm}46.21$, $98.40{\pm}62.47$, $24.09{\pm}9.03$, and $0.90{\pm}1.63{\mu}g/dL$, respectively. Fat-soluble vitamin concentration was positively correlated with total fat in milk samples, but no significant differences were observed in levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, or minerals based on whether or not lactating women were taking dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Micronutrient contents of breast milk samples from Korean lactating women were comparable to those of other nations. Retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels were correlated and also with total fat in breast milk.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1999-2004
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• 2011

This research aims to develop polymer composites which can be used for PEMFC bipolar plate by injection molding process. Considering the moldability and stiffness, we used LCP(Liquid crystal polymer) as base resin. In order to improve electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, we chose carbon black, and both synthetic graphite and expanded graphite. The composites with different recipe are prepared for injection molding of PEMFC bipolar plate and CAE(Computer Aided Engineering) analysis was performed to predict melt flow and fiber orientation We did successfully fabricate the ASTM specimens by injection molding, and measure the electrical conductivity of the samples by using four point probe device. We measured mechanical properties such as flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength. Conclusively, the electrical conductivity increased with increasing additive concentration, but both flexural strength and Izod impact strength decreased due to the brittle nature of carbon-based additives.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2015

Two coumarinolignans, cleomiscosins C (1) and D (2) were isolated from the heartwood of Acer mono, together with four compounds, 5-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), 5-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-apiofuranosyl-(1$\rightarrow$6)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), scopoletin (5), and (E)-resveratrol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6). Of them, cleomiscosins C (1) and D (2) were applied to preparing inclusion complex molecules with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD) to improve the very poor solubility in cell media. The CD complexes of 1 and 2 exhibited an enhancement of water solubility which is feasible to measure their cytotoxicity using a spectrophotometer in a cell-based assay. Anti-proliferative activity of these complex molecules was successfully estimated on HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and cleomiscosin D (2) showed anti-proliferative effects at the concentration of 1.95~31.2 ${{\mu}g}$/mL in a dose-dependent manner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.847-856
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• 2019

The various environmental issues arose with the development of today's economy. naturally, people were increased interest in environment and the importance of research on drinking water and contamination are emerging especially. A number of country areas, uranium and ²²²Rn in ground water have been detected to people using as drinking water. So this study evaluated the way for more accurate measurements than when measuring ²²²Rn concentrations in the ground water containing. the experiment was performed using the low-level liquid scintillation counter with an alpha, beta analysis easy PSA function of pulse. the scintillator as the preparation of the ground water samples are mixed, the measure value detection is lowered over prepare period and expiration date. Energy spectrum was also moved to a lower side channel. As a long time to buy the scintillator and over time after opening, it was confirmed that detection is lowered. if the purpose is to use a different scintillator can see the energy through the channel change.