• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.614-615
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• 2009

For the high reflectance under the ambient light condition, a highly efficient diffractive reflector has been proposed, based on a micro grating structure.[1] This reflector was designed to show highly concentrated distribution of the reflected light to the normal direction of the reflector under specific incident conditions of the light. In order to apply a diffractive reflector to a reflective liquid crystal display, the coupling between the viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal (LC) cell and the reflective distribution of the reflector should be considered. Under the optimum configuration confirmed through the analysis of the coupling between a LC cell and a reflector, a reflective vertical alignment (VA) cell with a diffractive reflector shows contrast ratio and brightness much higher than that with a conventional bumpy reflector.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare different elution and concentration methods for optimization of human rotavirus (HRV) detection method using real-time RT-PCR and cell culture techniques. The leafy vegetable samples (lettuce, Chinese cabbage) were artificially inoculated with HRV. Viruses were extracted from the vegetables by two different elution buffers, buffer A (100 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM glycine, 3% beef extract, pH 9.5) and buffer B (250 mM Threonine, 300 mM NaCl, pH 9.5), and the extracted viruses were concentrated by filtration and PEG precipitation sequentially. To determine infectivity of the viruses, the viruses recovered from the samples were infected to the MA-104 cells, and integrated cell culture real-time RT-PCR was performed at 1, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h post-infection (p.i.). The elution buffer A was more efficient in extracting the virus from the produce samples tested than the buffer B, 29.54% and 18.32% of recoveries, respectively. The sensitivity of real-time RT-PCR method was markedly improved when the virus was concentrated by the filtration method. When the viruses were eluted and concentrated by buffer A and filtration, respectively, the average recovery rate was approximately 51.89%. When the viruses recovered from samples were infected to MA-104 cell, infectious HRV was detected within 48 h p.i. by ICC/real-time RT-PCR, whereas cytopathic effects were not observed until 72 h p.i. The optimized detection method evaluated in this study could be useful for rapid and reliable detection of HRV in fresh produce products and applied for detection of other food-borne viruses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.160-163
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• 1997

The object of this study is to develop various composing material for SOFC generation system, and to test unit cell performance manufactured. So we try to present a guidance for developing mass power generation system. We concentrated on development of manufacturing process for cathode, anode and electrolyte.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.4 no.1 s.9
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• pp.40-48
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• 2000

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device continuously converting the chemical energy in a fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy by going through an essentially invariant electrode-electrolyte system. Phosphoric acid fuel cell employs concentrated phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. The cell stack in the fuel cell, which is the most important part of the fuel cell system, is made up of anode where oxidation of the fuel occurs cathode where reduction of the oxidant occurs; and electrolyte, to separate the anode and cathode and to conduct the ions between them. Fuel cell performance is associated with many parameters such as operating and design parameters associated with the system configuration. In order to understand the design concepts of the phosphoric fuel cell and predict it's performance, we have here introduced the simulation of the fuel-cell stack which is core component and modeled in a 3-dimensional grid space. The concentration of reactants and products, and the temperature distributions according to the flow rates of an oxidant are computed by the help of a computational fluid dynamic code, i.e., FLUENT.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.598-602
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• 2008

Concentrated catfish Silurus asotus bile (SAB) containing high amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and taurocholic acid may have immunosuppressive properties. To investigate the putative immunosuppressive properties of SAB, the anti-proliferation and suppression of early T cell activation markers, and the inhibition of cytokines induced by T cells in response to anti-CD3 mAb activation in mouse splenocytes were examined. The suppression of these activation repertoires are the main properties of calcineurin inhibitors. It was found that SAB effectively suppressed the activation of T cells, and cytokines from T cell activation, at levels similar to cyclosporine A, a calcineurin inhibitor. Although the mechanism in which suppression occurs is not clear, we speculate that SAB from Silurus asotus, which has been known to switch their intake habits to zoophagy during an early adult stage, may explain the suppressive effect of SAB as a result of high amounts of functional UDCA in bile. Our results suggest that the treatment or intake of SAB, either in therapy or as a food supplement, may act as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention of transplant rejection, although further investigation is required before this treatment can be applied clinically.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.206-211
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• 2010

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine is an attractive modality for the treatment of colon cancer because it has been recurred and produced few side effects in patients. Secretory glycoprotein 90K has been found at elevated level in various cancer tissues and sera. We investigated to establish a more effective DC vaccine for the treatment of colon cancer in which the levels of 90K are elevated. Methods: We obtained the concentrated 90K from 293T cells stably expressing 90K. DCs were cultured from peripheral blood monocytes, and a DC vaccine pulsed with tumor lysate was compared with a DC vaccine pulsed with 90K. We measured the functional activity for CTLs by using IFN-${\gamma}$-enzyme linked immunoabsorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results: DCs pulsed with tumor lysate+90K exhibited the enhanced T cell stimulation, polarization of $\ddot{i}$ T cell toward Th1. The CTLs generated by DCs pulsed with 90K efficiently lysed HCT116 cells. The results indicate that 90K-speicifc-CTLs can recognize 90K proteins naturally presented by colon cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 90K-specific CTLs generated by 90K-pulsed DCs could be useful effector cells for immunotherapy in colon cancer.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2013

High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using phosphoric acid (PA) doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes have been concentrated as one of solutions to the limits with traditional low temperature PEMFCs. However, the amount of reported experimental data is not enough to catch the operational characteristics correlated with cell performance and durability. In this study, design of experiments (DOE) based operational optimization method for high temperature PEMFCs has been proposed. Response surface method (RSM) is very useful to effectively analyze target system's characteristics and to optimize operating conditions for a short time. Thus RSM using central composite design (CCD) as one of methodologies for design of experiments (DOE) was adopted. For this work, the statistic models which predict the performance and degradation rate with respect to the operating conditions have been developed. The developed performance and degradation models exhibit a good agreement with experimental data. Compared to the existing arbitrary operation, the expected cell lifetime and average cell performance during whole operation could be improved by optimizing operating conditions. Furthermore, the proposed optimization method could find different new optimal solutions for operating conditions if the target lifetime of the fuel cell system is changed. It is expected that the proposed method is very useful to find optimal operating conditions and enhance performance and durability for many other types of fuel cell systems.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.19-25
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• 1980

E. coli B was treated with colistin and kanamycin and the influence of these antibiotics on the absorption of $T_3$ phage was studied using the plaque counting method and the electron microscope. E. coli B treated with colistin was sharply inhibited on phage absorption and cell walls were severely damaged showing some spiny appearance around the walls. No influence of kanamycin was noted on phage absorption. Bacterial cells treated with kanamycin showed wave form in the structure of walls and a profound change was noted in the cytoplasm where it was concentrated along the periphery of the inner wall leaving the center of the cell to appear almost empty.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2003

Erinacine which is produced from Hericium erinaceus mycelia is known to have a stimulating activity of nerve growth factor(NGF) synthesis. Thus, this work was concentrated on the maximum production of Hericium erinaceus mycelia. In order to maximize cell growth, the cultivation was performed with varying the agitation rate and applying the additional medium. As the results, the mycelium concentration was 24.2g/L.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 1995

We studied blood salvage effect of Cell Saver Apparatus[CSA with adult cardiac patients. This study compares blood salvage in two groups of patients undergoing valve replacement or congenital cardiac operation.Group 1 is composed with 60 patients operated during 1991-1992 using CSA. Group 2 is composed with 60 patients operated during 1990-1991. No special effort was made to salvage blood in Group 2. The average requirements in Group 1 were approximately one-fourth the amount of RBC products by Group 2. The hospital course, blood chemistry level were comparable for the two groups. CSA produced blood was concentrated, well oxygenated blood and the average amount was 830 ml. Any complication was not detected in transfusion of CSA produced blood. This study shows that CSA allows safe and practical blood salvage during adult cardiac operations.