• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권4호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2020

As a new type of concrete material, basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete (BMSC) has the advantages, such as early strength, high strength, good toughness and crack resistance. However, it is unclear about the degradation of the mechanical properties of BMSC columns, which is exposed to the natural environment for several years. In order to apply this new concrete to practical engineering, six large-eccentricity compressive columns of BMSC were studied. The mechanical properties such as the crack propagation, failure morphology, lateral displacement and bearing capacity of BMSC column were studied. The results show that the degradation rate of ultimate load of BMSC column is from 6% to 7%. The degradation rate of the stiffness of the column is from 6% to 13%. With the increase of compressive strength of BMSC, the axial displacement and lateral displacement are gradually reduced. The calculation model of bearing capacity of the BMSC column under the large eccentric compression is proposed. This paper provides a reference for the application of BMSC columns in the civil engineering.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2019

To study the eccentric compression behavior of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) columns, six UHPFRC columns and one high-strength concrete (HSC) column were tested. Variation parameters include load eccentricity, volume of steel fibers and stirrup ratio. The crack pattern, failure mode, bearing capacity, and deformation of the specimens were studied. The results showed that the UHPFRC columns had different failure modes. The large eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal tensile reinforcements yielded and many horizontal cracks appeared in the tension zone. The small eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal compressive reinforcements yielded and vertical cracks appeared in the compressive zone. Because of the bridging effect of steel fibers, the number of cracks significantly increased, and the width of cracks decreased. The load-deflection curves of the UHPFRC columns showed gradually descending without sudden dropping, indicating that the specimens had better deformation. The finite element (FE) analysis was performed to stimulate the damage process of the specimens with monotonic loading. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model was adopted to characterize the behaviour of UHPFRC. The contribution of the UHPFRC tensile strength was considered in the bearing capacity, and the theoretical calculation formulas were derived. The theoretical calculation results were consistent with the test results. This research can provide the experimental and theoretical basis for UHPFRC columns in engineering applications.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.759-779
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• 2023

The paper proposes two hybrid metaheuristic optimization and artificial neural network (ANN) methods for the close prediction of the ultimate axial compressive capacity of concentrically loaded concrete filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) columns. Two metaheuristic optimization, namely genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), approaches enable the dynamic training architecture underlying an ANN model by optimizing the number and sizes of hidden layers as well as the weights and biases of the neurons, simultaneously. The former is termed as GA-ANN, and the latter as PSO-ANN. These techniques utilize the gradient-based optimization with Bayesian regularization that enhances the optimization process. The proposed GA-ANN and PSO-ANN methods construct the predictive ANNs from 125 available experimental datasets and present the superior performance over standard ANNs. Both the hybrid GA-ANN and PSO-ANN methods are encoded within a user-friendly graphical interface that can reliably map out the accurate ultimate axial compressive capacity of CFDST columns with various geometry and material parameters.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2019

PHC말뚝을 생산하는 17개 중소산업체의 품질 성능 검사 자료, 17개 중소산업체 및 6개 대기업 산업체의 장기허용압축하중 제원 표를 분석하였다. 현 단계의 국내 설계에서는 PHC말뚝의 장기허용압축하중의 평균 약 70% 수준을 반영하고 있고 품질이 우수함에도 불구하고 PHC말뚝의 장기허용압축하중에는 안전율 4.0을 적용하고 있다. 대부분의 품질 검사 기준은 KS F 4306에 명시되어 있다. 그러나 원심력으로 다져진 콘크리트 압축강도시험 기준은 KS F 2454에 명시되어 있다. 각 제조사의 품질 시험 자료를 분석한 결과 모든 항목에서 기준값 보다 높은 성능을 보였다. 따라서 PHC말뚝 설계 시 PHC말뚝의 지지력을 PHC말뚝의 허용연직압축하중의 최대값까지 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2015

Many construction equipment or supporting structure should be installed in a field without appropriate anchorage to cause a collapse of those. Anchor length, anchor diameter, hooked or non hooked will be made and tested in the study. This one will be analyzed and compared with the previous study in order to find out some difference, strength by strength, based on this study. Embedded re-bar and the resistant capacity against pulled out force of re bar have been tested and analyzed by concrete design strength and rebar diameter in the study. 21Mpa and 24MPa compressive strength which are used in construction practice have been applied as variables. Those rebars are composed of D13, D16. D22 which are mostly used at construction sites. The followings are summarized as conclusions.1) ductility is not increased as rebar diameter becomes larger under the condition of non-hooked anchorage.2) those are two times of displacement difference between small diameter of rebar and large one with hooked anchorage of rebar while being 1/10 times difference with non-hooked condition but, only 10% difference of maximum load are shown, not conspicuously between hooked and non-hooked condition.3) displacement related to ductility can be three(3) times decreased if only concrete compressive strength and rebar diameter become larger with heavy support weight.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.403-426
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• 2012

This paper deals with the structural behaviour of tapered concrete-filled steel composite (TCFSC) columns under eccentric loading. Finite element software LUSAS is used to perform the nonlinear analyses to predict the structural behaviour of the columns. Results from the finite element modelling and existing experimental test are compared to verify the accuracy of the modelling. It is demonstrated that they correlate reasonably well with each other; therefore, the proposed finite element modelling is absolutely accurate to predict the structural behaviour of the columns. Nonlinear analyses are carried out to investigate the behaviour of the columns where the main parameters are: (1) tapered angle (from $0^{\circ}$ to $2.75^{\circ}$); (2) steel wall thickness (from 3 mm to 4 mm); (3) load eccentricity (15 mm and 30 mm); (4) L/H ratio (from 10.67 to 17.33); (5) concrete compressive strength (from 30 MPa to 60 MPa); (6) steel yield stress (from 250 MPa to 495 MPa). Results are depicted in the form of load versus mid-height deflection plots. Effects of various tapered angles, steel wall thicknesses, and L/H ratios on the ultimate load capacity, ductility and stiffness of the columns are studied. Effects of different load eccentricities, concrete compressive strengths and steel yield stresses on the ultimate load capacity of the columns are also examined. It is concluded from the study that the parameters considerably influence the structural behaviour of the columns.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.446-453
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• 2016

이 연구에서는 고로슬래그를 혼입한 콘크리트를 사용하여 제작한 콘크리트 수로관의 구조성능을 파악하였다. 고로슬래그 혼입 콘크리트의 재료특성 실험과 고로슬래그 혼입 콘크리트 수로관의 구조거동실험을 수행하였다. 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC)를 기본 바인더로 하여 고로슬래그 혼입량에 따른 콘크리트의 물성을 파악하였다. 콘크리트의 역학적 특성으로써 압축강도, 탄성계수 및 파괴계수를 측정하였다. 고로슬래그 혼입 콘크리트의 역학적 특성은 OPC 콘크리트의 역학적 특성과 거의 대등한 수준으로 나타난다. 또한 고로슬래그를 45%까지 혼입한 콘크리트의 구조 강도는 KS 기준의 강도 하한값보다 크게 나타난다. 연구결과는 고로슬래그 혼입 콘크리트를 사용한 수로관의 구조성능 평가의 유용한 연구자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.69-89
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• 2019

사질토를 지나 풍화암에 4D 소켓된 매입 PHC말뚝에 대한 매개변수 수치해석 자료를 분석하여 지지력 표해 및 도해(I)이 제안된 바 있다(Choi et al., 2019a). 본 논문에서는 이를 활용하여 직경의 5% 침하량에서 발현되는 동원지지력을 산정할 수 있는 새로운 산정공식을 제안하였다. 제안식은 두 가지이며, 그 중에서 EQ-G1 제안식은 각각의 상대근입길이(L/D)에서 말뚝직경과 ${\bar{N}}$값(보정 N 값)을 고려하여 각 지지력 성분을 평가하며, 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. RQP는 약 71~94%로 나타났으며, 이는 일반 설계에서 사용하고 있는 지지력 산정공식으로 구한 SRF(26~37%)보다 큰 값을 나타냈다. RQP는 적정 설계의 범위로 분포하였는데, 4개 사례에서는 78, 136, 142, 180%로 나타났다. D_E는 β₁에 따라 달라질 수는 있는데, 본 연구에서는 0.85로 가정하였으므로 D_E는 약 85%로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안한 EQ-G1 제안식을 사용하여 PHC말뚝 몸체의 허용압축하중(P_all)까지 활용할 수 있는 적정설계를 수행할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 EQ-G2-3 제안식은 D, ${\bar{N}}$ 및 L/D를 동시에 고려하여 지지력 성분들을 평가할 수 있으며, 매입 PHC말뚝에서 지반의 압축지지력 산정 시 근사해법으로 활용할 수 있다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.597-616
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• 2011

With respect to rehabilitation, strengthening and retrofitting of existing and deteriorated columns in buildings and bridges, CFRP sheets have been found effective in enhancing the performance of existing RC columns by wrapping and bonding CFRP sheets externally around the concrete. Concrete columns and piers that are confined by both lateral steel reinforcement and CFRP are sometimes referred to as "hybrid" concrete columns. With the availability of experimental data on concrete columns confined by steel reinforcement and/or CFRP, the study presents modeling using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the compressive strength of hybrid circular RC columns. The prediction of the ultimate confined compressive strength of RC columns is very important especially when this value is used in estimating the capacity of structures. The present ANN model used as parameters for the confining materials the lateral steel ratio (${\rho}_s$) and the FRP volumetric ratio (${\rho}_{FRP}$). The model gave good predictions for three types of confined columns: (a) columns confined with steel reinforcement only, (b) CFRP confined columns, and (c) hybrid columns confined by both steel and CFRP. The model may be used for predicting the compressive strength of existing circular RC columns confined with steel only that will be strengthened or retrofitted using CFRP.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.295-322
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• 2013

Steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material which congregates the benefits of self-compacting concrete (SCC) technology with the profits derived from the fiber addition to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel fibers improve many of the properties of SCC elements including tensile strength, toughness, energy absorption capacity and fracture toughness. Modification in the mix design of SCC may have a significant influence on the SFRSCC mechanical properties. Therefore, it is vital to investigate whether all of the assumed hypotheses for steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) are also valid for SFRSCC structures. Although available research regarding the influence of steel fibers on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates material's mechanical properties. The present study includes: a) evaluation and comparison of the current analytical models used for estimating the mechanical properties of SFRSCC and SFRC, b) proposing new relationships for SFRSCC mixtures mechanical properties. The investigated mechanical properties are based on the available experimental results and include: compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, strain at peak compressive strength, tensile strength, and compressive and tensile stress-strain curves.