Baek, Jun Pill;Mele, Mahmuda Akter;Choi, In-Lee;Yoon, Hyuk Sung;Kim, Young Seol;Park, Wan Geun;Kwon, Myoung Cheol;Kang, Ho-Min
Journal of Bio-Environment Control
/
v.24
no.1
/
pp.21-26
/
2015
This study was conducted to compare the aromatic compounds and the internal quality such as total phenolic contents, DPPH activity, and vitamin C contents in two new forma (red type and dalgom) and gom-chwi (Ligularia fischeri). Total phenolic contents were indicated 137.29mg/100g fresh wt. in gom-chwi, 158.40mg/100g fresh wt. in red type, and 180.82mg/100g fresh wt. in dalgom, red type and dalgom had higher contents than gom-chwi. DPPH activities were appeared similar result in gom-chwi (74.45%) and red type (75.59%), and dalgom (86.26%) had better than others. In vitamin C contents, gom-chwi and red variety had shown very closed results but dalgom had best result (1.81mg/100g fresh wt.). Essential oil contents of red type (0.164% of fresh wt.) and dalgom (0.290% of fresh wt.) had higher contents than gom-chwi (0.060%). Analysis of major components of essential oil by GC/MSD, identified 43 compounds in gom-chwi, 44 compounds in red type, and 31 compounds in dalgom. N-containing compound only detected in dalgom. Comparison of six aromatic compounds for fragrance (a-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, a-phellandrene, 3-carene, and limonene) was indicated red type had higher contents and dalgom had lower contents than gom-chwi. Dalgom had higher contents of total phenolic, DPPH activity, vitamin C, and essential oil than red type and gom-chwi. This result had shown the dalgom had better characters for new cultivar.
Perilla leaves powder was added to cookies to determine a practical use for the herb, which has been shown to have medical benefits and functionality. We examined the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of cookies prepared with different amounts (as ratios of 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5% to the total materials) of perilla leaves powder. The antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the total phenolic compound content in perilla leaves powder and cookies. The quality characteristics of the perilla leaves cookie were estimated in terms of the bulk density, pH of the dough, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluations. While the bulk density and pH of the dough as well as total polyphenol contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies significantly increased, the spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate and L value of the cookies decreased with increasing perilla leaves powder content(p<.05). The consumer acceptability scores for the $1{\sim}3%$ perilla leaves cookie groups ranked significantly(p<.05) higher than those of the other groups in appearance, taste, flavor, texture, and overall preference. This study suggests that perilla leaves powder is a good ingredient to increase the consumer acceptability and the functionality of cookies.
The aim of this study was to investigate the terpenoids of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) released during drying of Cryptomeria japonica using the thermal extractor (TE). Considering the drying process of C. japonica, temperatures of TE were set at $27^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, and $120^{\circ}C$, respectively. As the result, the emission factors of VOCs and terpenoids were increased as temperature increased. The amount of terpenoids included in VOCs emission factors were 87.5%, 81.6%, 83.6%, 90.1%, and 97.3% depending on above temperatures, respectively. Especially at$100^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$, the amount of terpenoids were measured more than 90%. ${\delta}$-cadinene was the highest yield at each temperature and 32 types of terpenoids were collected. Emitted terpenoids were classified into the sesquiterpene group which consists of 15 carbon sources. These 32 sesquiterpenes were used for determining the useful bioactivity such as antifungal activity by the agar dilution. As the result, they showed the antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum. The 5,000 ppm concentration of terpenoids showed a strong activity with 100% against the 3 fungi. At the 1,000 ppm concentration of terpenoids, the antifungal activities against three fungi were 95.2%, 98.7%, and 97.3%, and their activities were a little inhibited at 100 ppm concentration.
On August 25, 1979 a heavy daily rainfall of 465 mm pured into Jinhae area by the influence of Typhoon Judy. In consequence of the typhoon, 38 persons were killed, houses and arable land were demolished and caused wide ranges of landslides in the area. According to the previous investigation, there had been five cases of such typhoons accompanied a daily precipitation over 300 mm for 27 years, however, there had not occurred any landslides before, even though it is reported that any typhoon accompanied by heavy daily rainfalls over 300 mm is normally known to cause various kinds of landslides. This phonomenon was described to the fact that there has been a qualitative change in the agents of landslides such as precipitation, geology, topography and forest. Thus, in this report, the relations of the agents to the development of landslides were to be analysed and brought forth the following confirmation: 1. In the district, 71 landslides of which area covered 15.3 ha were observed. 2. In terms of geology of the landslided sites. 89 and 11% in numbers were observed in the andesite and the granite respectively, and the areas of those landslide estimated 45 and 55% respectively. 3. In a topographical point of view, 44% of the numbers of landslides(55% in area basis) were occurred within the slopes of $26-35^{\circ}$, while no landslides were observed in either lower (below $9^{\circ}$) or upper (above $41^{\circ}$) slopes. In terms of slope patterns, 39 and 33% in numbers (52 and 46% on the basis of area) were observed in concave slopes and compound slopes respectively. 4. In terms of forest ages, the most landslides were observed in 5-15 year-old forest, of which averages were 2.19 landslides per 100 ha and 0.47 ha per 100 ha. However, no landslides were observed in the forest of over 26 years old. 5. Among the agents, precipitation, geology, topography are considered not to be controlled but the only agent, the forest, to be controlled by human beings. Thus, this firstly observed landslides at Jinhae District are conclusively considered as the result of qualitative changes of one agent, the forest, in the area.
Purpose : To evaluate the correlation of lesion-to-normal ratio (LNR) of signal intensity from double inversion recovery MR imaging and total choline-containing compound (tCho) resonance from single voxel MR spectroscopy in breast cancers. Materials and Methods: Between August 2008 and December 2009, 28 patients who were diagnosed as breast cancer and had undergone both double inversion recovery (DIR) MR imaging and MR spectroscopy (MRS) were included in this study. The signal intensities of the lesion (L) and ipsilateral normal breast tissue (N) were measured in region of interest of each breast cancer in DIR and contrast enhance MR image (CE-T1WI) to calculate the LNR value for each technique. MRS was performed using single-voxel MR spectroscopy. The height, width and area of tCho resonance were compared with each LNR of DIR and CE-T1WI. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) for correlation analysis and the significance level was p=0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between LNR of CE-T1WI and height (r=-0.322, p=0.094), width (r=-0.233, p=0.232) and area (r=-0.309, p=0.109) of MRS tCho. There was no statistically significant correlation between LNR of DIR and height (r=0.067, p=0.735), width (r=-0.287, p=0.139) and area (r=0.012, p=0.953) of MRS tCho, either. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.186 between LNRs of CET1WI and DIR (p=0.344). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between LNR of DIR and relative amount of tCho resonance of MRS.
Park, Hyung-Ho;Lee, Hye-Youn;Lee, Jae-Sung;Yu, Jae-Eun
Journal of Conservation Science
/
v.29
no.3
/
pp.287-296
/
2013
Excavated iron objects are preserved in stable condition through processes of conservation treatment because they are found in the form of various corrosion products. However, the conservation treatment leads to re-corrosion over time and accordingly, iron objects can be severely damaged, and therefore fundamental measures need to be prepared to control it. In this study, the types and characteristics of corrosion products were scientifically analyzed according to the re-corrosion of iron artifacts. In addition, the stability of the corrosion products was evaluated by exposing the standard samples under the re-corrosion environment. Re-corrosion proceeded with weeping in reddish brown on the cracks of iron artifacts. Weeping was detected akagan$\acute{e}$ite had a low hydrogen ion concentration and high chloride ion. The selection of standard sample goethite, lepidocrocite, hematite, and magnetite, were evaluated corrosive by weeping. After the samples were immersed in HCl(pH 1), $H_2SO_4$(pH 1), $H_2O$(pH 6) solution, they had been maintained for 180 days in relative humidity of 20%, 50%, 80% to investiage the changes of chemical components. As a result of analysis, the changes of chemical components were not showed in goethite, lepidocrocite, and hematite. But magnetite was changed to lepidocrocite in solution including chloride ion($Cl^-$) and to goethite and lepidocrocite solution including sulfuric acid($SO{_4}^{2-}$). Results of the study, in the case of magnetite known as s stable corrosion compound, it was identified the corrosion of magnetite occurs by corrosive ions, which means weeping generated in the iron artifacts can corrode magnetite as well as base metal.
Recently the increasing of vinyl and green houses and development of reclaimed land including Saemangeum induced the need for breeding salt-tolerant crops which can survive and grow in high salinity soil. So we try to develop salt-tolerant transgenic chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum.) lines by using anti-porter gene TANHX and HVNHX. Through marker selection and plant regeneration step, we could get 284 putative transgenic chrysanthemum lines. On selected putative transgenic plants, 40 candidates were used for genetic analysis and 30 lines could be made up of target size band on PCR, so about 75% of marker selected lines were decided as real transgenic lines. Selected 284 transgenic lines were also used for salt-tolerance test as a range of NaCl 0.2 ~ 1.2% (300 mM). As a result of salt-tolerance test, 15 selected transgenic lines could live and grow on the continuous supply of 0.8% (200 mM) NaCl solution and another 7 lines were could survive under 1.2% (300 mM) NaCl solution. This salt-tolerant transgenic lines under salt stress also lead a cell alternation especially a guard cell. A stressed guard cell be swelled and grow larger in proportion to NaCl concentration. TTC test for cell viability on transgenic chrysanthemum lines pointed out that more strong salt-tolerant lines can be live more than another under same salt stress. The numerical value of strong salt-tolerant 7 transgenic lines were 0.206 ~ 0.331 under 1.2% NaCl stress, and then it's value is more larger than middle salinity lines' 0.114 ~ 0.193 and non-transgenic's 0.046. And the proline contents as indicated stress compound also pointed out that HVNHX introduced salt-tolerant transgenic lines were less stressed than other under same salt stress. The contents of strong salt-tolerant transgenic lines were 2.255 ~ 2.638 mg/kg and it is much higher than that of middle salinity lines' 1.496 ~ 2.125.
Carvedilol is an antihypertensive and antianginal compound that combines nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking and vasodilation properties and is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two carvedilol tablets, $Dilatrend^{TM}$ (Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and $Carvelol^{TM}$ (Dae Won Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the prior and revised guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The carvedilol release from the two carvedilol tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB80 into water). Eighteen normal male volunteers, $24.22{\pm}1.86$ years in age and $64.81{\pm}4.56\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 25 mg of carvedilol was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of carvedilol in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two carvedilol tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using non-transformed and logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two tablets based on the $Dilatrend^{TM}$ were 2.23%, -2.00% and 0.00%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $({\Delta})$ at ${\alpha}=0.05$ and $1-{\beta}=0.8$ were less than 20% (e.g., 13.55% and 17.61% for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). The powers $(l-{\beta})$ at ${\alpha}=0.05$, ${\Delta}=0.2$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ were 98.08% and 88.81%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ${\pm}20%$ (e.g., $-5.69{\sim}10.16$ and $-12.30{\sim}8.30$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). There were no sequence effect between two tablets in logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., $0.95{\sim}1.11$ and $0.89{\sim}1.09$ for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of prior and revised KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that $Carvelol^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Dilatrend^{TM}$ tablet.
Park, Mi-Jeong;Kim, Sang-Bum;Kim, Sook-Jin;Kim, Kyung-Mi;Choi, Song-Yi;Chang, Mi;Kim, Gi-Chang
Food Science and Preservation
/
v.24
no.7
/
pp.957-964
/
2017
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum spray drying conditions of soft persimmon latte using response surface methodology that is a statistical procedure used for optimization studies. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables, inlet temperature ($X_1$), air flow rate ($X_2$), and feed flow rate ($X_3$), on responses such as yield, water absorption index, and total phenolic compounds. Statistical analysis revealed that independent variables significantly affected all the responses. A maximum yield of 8.11 g was obtained at $90^{\circ}C$ of $X_1$, 51.82 mL/min of $X_2$ and 7.00 mL/min of $X_3$. A minimum water absorption index of 0.58 was obtained at $101^{\circ}C$ of $X_1$, 60.00 mL/min of $X_2$ and 17.00 mL/min of $X_3$. A maximum total phenolic compounds of $298.02{\mu}g/mL$ was obtained at $90^{\circ}C$ of $X_1$, 43.33 mL/min of $X_2$ and 17.00 mL/min of $X_3$. In conclusion, the best spray drying conditions were as follows: $X_1$, $90^{\circ}C$; $X_2$, 53 mL/min; $X_3$, 17 mL/min. Under those optimal conditions, the powder's yield (7.46 g), water absorption index (0.54), and the content of total phenolic compounds ($294.75{\mu}g/mL$) were estimated.
The changes in the volatile organic compounds in plum after its electron beam irradiation and storage were determined using the simultaneous distillation extraction method and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. There were 44, 46, 45, 47, and 38 volatile compounds in the 0-, 0.25-, 0.5-, 0.75-, and 1 kGy irradiated samples, respectively. Also, the volatile flavor components of the plum that was stored for 30 days were identified as 48, 40, 40, 39, and 40 components. The compositions of the volatile compounds of the control and irradiated samples showed a similarity after the storage. Especially, the more important volatile flavor of the plum was identified as hexanal of the C6compounds, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenal. In particular, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol increased in all the doses, where as hexanol and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol decreased. Among the lactone compounds, ${\gamma}$-hexalactone, ${\gamma}$-octalactone, and ${\gamma}$-decalactone were identified during the storage period in the raw samples. Hexanonic acid and 2-hexenoic acid were not identified during the storage of the samples, and 2-methylprrole was detected only when the storage samples were irradiated at a dose higher than 0.5kGy. Therefore, it was shown that there was no effect on the variation of the volatile organic component suntil 1 kGy in the plum was irradiated with an electron beam.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.