• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2004

Composite particles using inorganic and organic chemicals were synthesized and the results of those reaction were compared to variation of temperature and agitation speed in presence of $CaCO_3$ which was adsorbed SDBS. Also the synthesises were optimized according to conversion rate of composite particles. In inorganic/organic core-shell composite particle polymerization, $CaCO_3$ adsorbed by 0.5wt% surfactant SDBS was prepared initially and then core $CaCO_3$ was encapsulated by sequential emulsion polymerization using MMA at the addition of APS 3.16${\times}$$10^{-3}$mol/L to minimize the coagulated PMMA particle itself during MMA shell polymerization. Encapsulated PMMA on $CaCO_3$ as inorganic/organic core-shell particles was verified by FT-IR and DSC analysis. It was found that the $CaCO_3$ was very well encapsulated by PMMA as shell. The surfaces were distinctly found as spindle shape and broad particle distribution after capsulation.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권6_2호
• /
• pp.1037-1045
• /
• 2022

In this study, nanoscale Al₂O3 ceramic particles were used due its exceptionally high hardness characteristics, chemical stability, and wear resistance properties. These nanoparticles will be used to investigate the optimal process conditions for the electro co-deposition of the Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings. A Watts bath electrolytic solution of a controlled composition along with a fixed agitation speed was used for this study. Whereas the current density, the pH value, temperature and concentration of the nano Al₂O₃ particles of the electrolyte were designated as the manipulative variables. The experimental design method was based on the orthogonal array to find the optimum processing parameters for the electro co-deposition of Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings. The result of confirmation experimental based on the optimal processing condition through the analysis of variance ; EDX analysis found that the ratio of alumina increased to 8.65 wt.% and subsequently the overall hardness increased to 983 Hv. Specially, alumina were evenly distributed on Nickel matrix and particles were embedded more firmly and finely in Nickel matrix.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.260-269
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 범용 열가소성수지인 폴리프로필렌에 다양한 입자 강화제로 무기질 폐기 제올라이트, 탈크, 탄산칼슘 등을 첨가하여 소재를 복합재료화 하였다. 또한 입자 사이즈에 따른 열안정성과 입자 강화제에 따른 난연 특성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 입도 분석 결과 폐기 제올라이트가 85.34 $mu extrm{m}$, 탄산칼슘이 33.93 $mu extrm{m}$, 탈크가 18.51 $mu extrm{m}$의 평균 입자 크기를 가지고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 난연성 측정으로 산소지수(LOI, ASTM D2863)와 콘 칼로리미터 (ASTM E1354 ISO 5660)를 사용하였으며, 열 안정성 측정으로는 TGA를 사용하였다. 입자 강화제와 난연제 DBDPO를 사용한 결과 최대 열 방출 속도(M-HRR)는 탈크>탄산칼슘>폐기 제올라이트 순으로 감소됨을 확인하였다. 콘 칼로리미터 실험 결과, 난연제 DBDPO만 혼합하였을 경우보다 입자 강화제를 첨가 혼합하였을 경우가 난연 효율이 대략 2배 정도 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한 산소지수 결과도 콘 칼로리미터와 유사한 경향을 보임을 확인하였다. 광학현미경(OM)과 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 사용하여 입자 강화된 복합재료의 연소되는 과정의 단면을 연소 단계별로 관찰함으로써 연소 표면에서의 입자 강화제의 배열 양상 및 산소 공급의 특성 등을 연구하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2012

The effects of pH, types of applied current, agitation method and time, additive on the amount of co-deposited $TiO_2$ particles in the matrix were investigated. The deposition rates increased with increasing pH values, while the volume fraction of $TiO_2$ particles and the size of agglomerated $TiO_2$ particles in the composite decreased. The volume fraction of $TiO_2$ particles in the composite decreased when pulsed current of 50% duty cycle was used. And the size of agglomerated $TiO_2$ particles in the nickel matrix of pulsed current was smaller than that of DC current specimen. The volume fraction of $TiO_2$ particles in the matrix decreased with longer time by air agitation, but in case of using magnetic bar, volume fraction in the same range of time was relatively constant. The volume fraction of the electrodeposited Ni-$TiO_2$ composite in the solution containing 0.01 M Dimethylamine borane (DMAB) increased slightly with increasing agitation time regardless of agitation methods. Thermal stability of the electrodeposited Ni-$TiO_2$ composite increased with lower pH at the temperature range of $200{\sim}800^{\circ}C$, and the results showed that the amount of co-deposited $TiO_2$ relies more on the deposition rate than zetapotential of $TiO_2$ particles.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2006

The fuel cell is one of promising environment-friendly energy sources for the next generation. The bipolar plate is a major component of the PEM fuel cell stack, which takes a large portion of stack cost. In this study, as alternative materials for bipolar plate of PEM fuel cells, graphite composites were fabricated by compression molding. Graphite particles mixed with epoxy resin were used as the main substance to provide electric conductivity To achieve desired electrical properties, specimens made with different mixing ratio, processing pressure and temperature were tested. To increase mechanical strength, one or two layers of woven carbon fabric were added to the graphite and resin composite. Thus, the composite material was consisted of three phases: graphite particles, carbon fabric, and epoxy resin. By increasing mixing ratio of graphite, fabricated pressure and process temperature, the electric conductivity of the composite was improved. The results of tensile test showed that the tensile strength of the two-phase graphite composite was about 4MPa, and that of three-phase composite was increased to 57MPa. As surface properties, contact an91e and surface roughness were tested. Graphite composites showed contact angles higher than $90^{\circ}$, which mean low surface energy. The average surface roughness of the composite specimens was $0.96{\mu}m$.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.375-381
• /
• 2021

Chitosan powder is synthesized by a deasetylation process of chitin, obtained from processing of dried shrimp shell powder. Subsequently, chitosan (CS) membranes filled by montmorillonite (MMT) particles and phosphotungstic acid are prepared, and characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The morphology, obtained by SEM for the composite membrane, showed that MMT filler is successfully incorporated and relatively well dispersed in the chitosan polymer matrix. Water and methanol uptake for the CS/MMT composite membranes decrease with increasing MMT loadings, but IEC value increases. In all prepared CS/MMT composite membranes, the CS membrane filled by 5 wt% MMT particles exhibits the best proton conductivity, while that with 10 wt% MMT loading exhibits the lowest methanol permeability; these values are 2.67 mS·cm^-1 and 3.40 × 10^-7 cm²·s^-1, respectively. The best membrane selectivity is shown in the CS/MMT10 composite membrane; this shows that 10 wt% filled MMT is the optimum loading to improve the performance of the chitosan composite membrane. These characteristics make the developed chitosan composite membranes a promising electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2017

This study deals the prediction of temperature effect on low-frequency dispersion of alternating current (AC) conductivity spectra of composite materials based on copolymer reinforced with carbon black (CB) particles. A sample of ethylene butylacrylate loaded with 13% of CB particles were prepared and investigated using the impedance spectroscopy representation in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 0.1 MHz and temperature range from $20^{\circ}C$ to $125^{\circ}C$. The dielectric constant, ${\varepsilon}^{\prime}$, and dielectric losses, ${\varepsilon}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, were found to decrease with increasing frequency. The frequency dependence of the AC conductivity follows the universal power law with a large deviation in the high frequency region, the positive temperature coefficient in resistivity effect has been observed below the melting temperature which makes this composite potentially remarkable for industrial applications.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.238-243
• /
• 2007

The composite powder of Cu and YSZ was synthesized for a high temperature electrolysis cathode by mechanical milling. The average Cu particle size was reduced to 5 micro-meter from 48 micro-meter after the mechanical ball milling. The composite powder showed that Cu particles were uniformly covered with finer YSZ particles. Sub-micron sized pores were uniformly dispersed in the Cu/YSZ composit. Homogeneously-dispersed fine YSZ in the composite is expected to the increase in triple phase boundaries, thereby leading the enhanced performance of cathode.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
• /
• pp.1078-1079
• /
• 2006

The paper presents the possibilities of obtaining new composite materials based on sintered porous ceramics with particles and fibre of $Al_2O_3$ infiltrated by aluminum alloy. The EN AC - AlSi12 alloy features the matrix material, whereas the RF50AX-301 preform, of Saffil Automotive, was used as the reinforcement. Examinations of ceramics preforms permeability were made. Metallographic examination of composite materials made on light microscope and in scanning electron microscope show that aluminum alloys fill micropores in the matrix. New composite materials show twice higher value of hardness in comparison with matrix. Results indicate that it is possible to infiltrate porous ceramic with liquid aluminum alloy to obtain new composite materials were advantageous properties of each component are connected.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제26권10호
• /
• pp.1565-1568
• /
• 2005

A surface renewable pH electrode was prepared by utilizing composite electrode technique. Iridium oxide micro-fine particles was prepared by hydrolysis of $(NH_4)_2IrCl_6$ at elevated temperature. The iridium oxide particles were mixed with well-dispersed carbon black and then filtered. The mixture was suspended in DMF containing PVC as a binder. The mixture was precipitated rapidly by adding large amount of water. The precipitate was ground and pressure-molded to iridium oxide composite electrode material. The electrode showed linear response between pH 1-13 with 50 to 60 mV/pH slope. The electrode maintained the pH response without appreciable slope drift for 170 days if stored in deionized water. The electrode surface can be renewed reproducibly by simple grinding process whenever contaminated or deactivated.