• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.588-600
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• 1997

Postpartum depression is one of the most serious problems in maternal health because it affects not only the mother but also her family. Postpartum depression disturbs the maternal-infant interaction and attachment. However, most postpartum depression patients ignore this problem and do not seek treatment. Many clinicians and researchers realiza there is a need to develop a postpartum depression scale. Thus, this study has been designed to development of a postpartum depression scale. Data were collected through a survey over a period of three months. Subjects who participated in the study were 167 Korean mothers in their postpartum period. The author used a convenience sampling method. The analysis of the data was done with SPSS PC/sup ＋/ for descriptive statistics, item analysis and factor analysis. Initially 62 items were generated from the interview data of eight postpartum depression patients and from a literature review. This preliminary scale was analyzed for reliability and validity. The results of this analysis are as follows. 1. Initially 62 items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity(CVI) and 48 items were selected. 2. Seven factors were extracted through the principal component analysis, and these contributed 61% of the variance in the total score. Finally 46 items in the scale loaded .41∼ .84 on one of seven factors. 3. Each factor was labeled. Factor 1 was labeled 'emotional phenomena-emotional upset' and included 13 items, factor 2 was labeled' cognitive phenomena-self concept disturbance' and included seven items, factor 3 was labeled 'relationship to baby-negative feeling' and included six items, factor 4 was labeled 'relationship to baby- overload' and included eight items, factor 5 was labeled 'negative maternal identity' and included five items, factor 6 was labeled 'biophysiological phenomena-disturbance of physical functioning' and included four items, and factor 7 was labeled' interpersonal relationship phenomena-blamed others' and included three items. 4. Cronbach Coefficient Alpha for internal consistency was .95 for the total 46 items. Finally, the author suggests that this scale could be adequately applied in assessing the postpartum depression of mothers during the postpartum period. The results of this study can contribute to designing an appropriate postpartum depression prevention strategy.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.180-191
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 지각된 가치(쾌락적 가치, 실용적 가치)가 소비감정과 고객만족에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 나아가 각 개념들의 측정변수 사이에 내재한 관계를 파악하는데 있다. 연구 자료는 최근 한 달간 아시아 레스토랑을 방문한 경험이 있는 미국인들을 대상으로 수집하였으며, 총 435개의 자료를 가지고 기술통계분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 쾌락적 가치와 실용적 가치 모두 긍정적 감정과 고객만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 실용적 가치만이 부정적 감정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 측정변수 간의 관계를 분석한 결과 쾌락적 가치인 전통음악, 전통음식, 레스토랑 배치가 긍정적 감정에 영향을 미쳤으며, 인테리어 디자인은 고객만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 실용적 가치인 음식의 맛과 건강한 음식종류는 긍정적 감정과 고객만족에 영향을 미쳤으며, 음식의 맛만이 부정적 감정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이에 대한 실무적 시시점을 결론에 제시하였다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2016

선풍기, 오디오, 전기밥솥 등의 소형 산업가전제품들은 대부분 ABS, PP, PS 등의 재질로 이루어져 있다. 색깔이 있는 플라스틱은 근적외선(NIR) 분광기에 의해 분류가 가능하지만, 반면에 검은색 플라스틱은 빛을 흡수하는 특성으로 인해 분류하기가 어렵다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 LIBS(Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) 분광기를 통해 폐소형가전 플라스틱을 선별하는 RBFNNs(Radial Basis Function Neural Networks) 패턴 분류기를 소개한다. 전처리부분에는 차원축소 알고리즘 중 하나인 PCA(Principal Component Analysis)를 사용해 처리 속도를 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 효과적인 데이터의 특성을 추출한다. 조건부에는 FCM(Fuzzy C-Means) 클러스터링을 사용한다. 결론부에는 다항식의 형태 중 하나인 1차 선형식을 연결가중치로서 사용한다. PSO와 5-fold cross validation은 성능의 신뢰도를 향상시키고, 분류율을 높이는데 사용된다. 제안된 분류기의 성능은 최적화한 것과 최적화하지 않은 것 두 가지의 관점에서 보여준다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 전라남도 골프장 마케팅전략이 지각된 가치와 소비자 행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 전라남도 회원제·퍼블릭제 골프장 총 10곳의 고객을 모집단으로 하여 편의표본추출법을 이용하여 총 366명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 자료수집을 위해 설문조사를 실시하였고 자료처리는 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 단순 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 골프장 마케팅전략 구성요소 가운데 촉진요인을 제외한 제품, 가격, 장소요인은 지각된 가치에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 골프장 마케팅전략 구성요소 가운데 장소 요인을 제외한 제품, 가격, 촉진요인은 소비자 행동인 재방문의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 마케팅 전략 구성요소인 제품요인과 가격요인은 소비자 행동인 타인추천의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 촉진요인과 장소요인은 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 지각된 가치는 소비자 행동인 재방문의도와 타인추천의도 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2013

Objectives There are only a limited number of studies on instruments assessing fatigue in university students, although fatigue exerts negative influences on their health and academic performances and fatigue-related complaints are more frequently reported in young adults than middle-aged adults. The aim of this study was to validate the 9-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) among university students including both undergraduate and graduate students in South Korea. Methods A total of 176 university students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the FSS, the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 version 2 (MOS-SF36v2), and the Inclusion of Community in the Self Scale (ICS). The data were collected from February of 2012 to June of 2012. The reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to assess psychometric properties of the FSS. Results The mean FSS score was 3.20 (standard deviation = 1.43). The FSS demonstrated an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = 0.93) and item-total correlations ranged from 0.56 to 0.90. Correlations of the FSS with the BFI (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), BDI-II (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), BAI (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 physical component summary (r = -0.28, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 mental component summary (r = -0.55, p < 0.01), and ICS (Spearman's rho = -0.07, p = 0.33) showed acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Exploratory factor analysis defined one underlying factor (eigenvalue = 5.67) that explained 93.50% of the total variance. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate reliability and validity of the FSS in university students. The FSS exhibits good psychometric properties for evaluation of fatigue among university students in South Korea. Since the FSS is easy to administer, score, and interpret, it could be a useful tool in research and practice for assessing fatigue among university students.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1365-1378
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• 1999

This study is a methodological research study to develop an instrument to measure in patients with cancer and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. The research procedure was as follows : 1) The first step was to develop conceptual framework based on a comprehensive review of the literature and in-depth interviews with patients with cancer. This conceptual framework was organized in to three dimensions (the intrapersonal dimension, the significant-other and context related dimension, the transcendental dimension). Initially 59 items were adopted. 2) These items were analyzed through the index of content validity(CVI) and 53 items were selected which met more than 80% on the CVI. 3) The pretest was carried out with 87 patients with cancer. After the pretest results were analyzed by item analysis, 44 items were selected. A second test of content validity was conducted and 6 items were eliminated considering the 80% CVI. 4) To test for reliability and validity, data collection was done during the period from January 25, 1999, to February 26, 1999. The subjects for the test were 160 patients with cancer and 185 healthy persons. analysis, item analysis and multitrait-multimethod method to analyze validity. The findings are as follows : 1) The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .92 for the total 38 items and .79, .82, .85, for the three dimensions in that order. 2) The item analysis was based on the corrected item to total correlation coefficient( .30 or more) and information about the alpha estimate if this item was dropped from the scale. 3) As a result of the initial factor analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation, one item was deleted because of factor complexity (indiscriminate factor loadings). In the secondary factor analysis, 7 factors with eigenvalue of more than 1.0 were extracted and these factors explained 56 percents of the total variance. The seven factors were labeled as 'family relationship', 'emotional condition', 'physical discomfort', 'meaning and goal of life', 'contextual stimuli', 'change of body image', 'guilt feelings'. 4) The convergence effect between this instrument and the life satisfaction scale was identified and there was significant positive correlation(r= .52, p= .00). The discriminant validity between this instrument and the depression scale(CES-D) was tested and there was significant negative correlation(r= -.50, p= .00). The instrument for accessing the suffering of patients with cancer developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for assessment in caring for patients with cancer.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.483-496
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• 2018

Purpose: This paper proposes a quality strategy based on the evolution of technology in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Methods: We examine the theory of past quality activities and the changes in quality paradigm, and analyze key words for the technologies and key issues of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Based on existing quality management, we find a quality strategy that should be pursued during the 4th Industrial Revolution. Results: Quality has been recognized as an essential component of corporate competitiveness. The paradigm of quality has also changed with the pass of time and industry development. From this viewpoint, the following eight quality strategies are proposed for the development of the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution period, such as Market-to-customer fusion quality, symbiotic quality, big data quality, technical accuracy and zero-defect quality, facility predictability quality, software quality, process flexibility quality, and information protection stability and security quality. Conclusion: Quality for customer satisfaction is still important nowadays. However, in the 4th Industrial Revolution era, where various business models and methods of manufacturing are expected, the big data utilization, software quality, and the reliability and security of information protection to support it are important.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.589-598
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• 2018

To maintain safety and reliability of reactors, redundant sensors are usually used to measure critical variables and estimate their averaged time-dependency. Nonhealthy sensors can badly influence the estimation result of the process variable. Since online condition monitoring was introduced, the online cross-calibration method has been widely used to detect any anomaly of sensor readings among the redundant group. The cross-calibration method has four main averaging techniques: simple averaging, band averaging, weighted averaging, and parity space averaging (PSA). PSA is used to weigh redundant signals based on their error bounds and their band consistency. Using the consistency weighting factor (C), PSA assigns more weight to consistent signals that have shared bands, based on how many bands they share, and gives inconsistent signals of very low weight. In this article, three approaches are introduced for improving the PSA technique: the first is to add another consistency factor, so called trend consistency (TC), to include a consideration of the preserving of any characteristic edge that reflects the behavior of equipment/component measured by the process parameter; the second approach proposes replacing the error bound/accuracy based weighting factor ($W^a$) with a weighting factor based on the Euclidean distance ($W^d$), and the third approach proposes applying $W^d$, TC, and C, all together. Cold neutron source data sets of four redundant hydrogen pressure transmitters from a research reactor were used to perform the validation and verification. Results showed that the second and third modified approaches lead to reasonable improvement of the PSA technique. All approaches implemented in this study were similar in that they have the capability to (1) identify and isolate a drifted sensor that should undergo calibration, (2) identify a faulty sensor/s due to long and continuous missing data range, and (3) identify a healthy sensor.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제2권10호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

정전 방지 장치가 없는 중소형 레이드 (RAID: redundant arrays of independent disks)는 갑작스런 정전 또는 오류로 인한 종료 이후에 수시간의 긴 재동기화 시간을 요구한다. 레이드에서는 데이터 블록과 패리티 블록이 일관성 있게 갱신되어야 하는데, 데이터를 기록하다가 정전이 되면 데이터 블록은 갱신되었는데 패리티 블록은 갱신되지 않거나 반대인 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 이렇게 부분적으로 갱신된 스트라이프를 반드시 올바른 패리티로 갱신해야 하나 어떤 스트라이프에 이런 문제가 발생하였는지 찾기가 매우 어려웠다. 기존에는 전 저장공간을 검색하고 오류 있는 스트라이프를 수정하는, 수 시간을 요구하는, 패리티 재동기화 방법이 사용되어 왔다. 본 논문은 중소형 레이드에서 낮은 오버헤드를 갖는 고속의 재동기화 기술을 제안한다. 제안하는 기술은 리눅스의 소프트웨어 레이드에서 구현되었다. 성능 실험 결과에 따르면, 제안하는 기법은 재동기화 과정을 200분에서 5초로 단축시키고, 일반 입출력에서 22%의 오버헤드를 2%로 낮추었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-68
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• 2013

The fluctuating wind induced vibration is one of the most important factors which has been taken into account in the design of long-span bridge due to the low stiffness and low natural frequency. Field measurement characteristics of sustained wind on structure site can provide accurate wind load parameters for wind field simulation and structural wind resistance design. As a suspension bridge with 1490 m main span, the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) has high sensitivity to fluctuating wind. The simultaneous and continuously wind environment field measurement both in mid-span and on tower top is executed from 2005 up to now by the structural health monitoring system installed on this bridge. Based on the recorded data, the wind characteristic parameters, including mean wind speed, wind direction, the turbulence intensity, the gust factors, the turbulence integral length, power spectrum and spatial correlation, are analyzed in detail and the coherence functions of those parameters are evaluated using statistical method in this paper. The results indicate that, the turbulence component of sustain wind is larger than extremely strong winds although its mean wind speed is smaller; the correlation between turbulence parameters is obvious; the power spectrum is special and not accord with the Simiu spectrum and von Karman spectrum. Results obtained in this study can be used to evaluate the long term reliability of the Runyang Suspension Bridge and provide reference values for wind resistant design of other structures in this region.