• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1233-1251
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• 2016

In this paper, it is aimed to determine the stochastic response of a suspension bridge subjected to spatially varying ground motions considering the geometric nonlinearity. Bosphorus Suspension Bridge built in Turkey and connects Europe to Asia in Istanbul is selected as a numerical example. The spatial variability of the ground motion is considered with the incoherence, wave-passage and site-response effects. The importance of site-response effect which arises from the difference in the local soil conditions at different support points of the structure is also investigated. At the end of the study, mean of the maximum and variance response values obtained from the spatially varying ground motions are compared with those of the specialised cases of the ground motion model. It is seen that each component of the spatially varying ground motion model has important effects on the dynamic behaviour of the bridge. The response values obtained from the general excitation case, which also includes the site-response effect causes larger response values than those of the homogeneous soil condition cases. The variance values calculated for the general excitation case are dominated by dynamic component at the deck and Asian side tower. The response values obtained for the site-response effect alone are larger than the response values obtained for the incoherence and wave-passage effects, separately. It can be concluded that suspension bridges are sensitive to the spatial variability of ground motion. Therefore, the incoherence, the wave-passage and especially the site-response effects should be considered in the stochastic analysis of this type of engineering structures.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 1986

가잠에 있어서 잡종세대의 우수한 계통을 생산할 수 있는 교배친의 선정과 교배친의 잡종세대의 유전 현상에 대한 기초 정보를 얻고자 7개 품종을 이면교잡하고 이를 F1세대에 대하여 유전자의 분포상태 및 우성 정도, 그리고 조합능력 등을 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Vr-Wr graph 및 분산성분에서 단견종은 우성효과가 큰 초우성으로, 단층종과 단층비율은 상가적 효과가 큰 불완전우성으로 각각 추정되었다. 2. 조합능력은 전형질에서 유의적으로 작용하였고 일반조합능력이 특정조합능력보다 크게 평가되었다. 3. 조합능력의 효과 중 GCA 효과는 잠 107이 전 형질에서 가장 높았고, SCA 효과는 잠 113$\times$ 중 14의 조합이, 잠 107$\times$중 14의 조합이 크게 평가되어 주로 중 14가 교배부체일 때에 조합능력이 컸었다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2024

Background: This study evaluated the effect of remimazolam and propofol on changes in autonomic nerve activity caused by surgical stimulation during orthognathic surgery, using power spectrum analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV), and their respective associations with cardiovascular fluctuations. Methods: A total of 34 patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy were randomized to the remimazolam (Group R, 17 cases) or propofol (Group P, 17 cases) groups. Observables included the low-frequency component of BPV (BPV LF; index of vasomotor sympathetic nerve activity), high-frequency component of HRV (HRV HF; index of parasympathetic nerve activity), balance index of the low- and high-frequency components of HRV (HRV LF/HF; index of sympathetic nerve activity), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Four observations were made: (1) baseline, (2) immediately before down-fracture, (3) down-fracture, and (4) 5 min after down-fracture. Data from each observation period were compared using a two-way analysis of variance with a mixed model. A Bonferroni multiple comparison test was performed in the absence of any interaction. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test was performed when a significant interaction was observed between time and group, with P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: Evaluation of autonomic nerve activity in comparison with baseline during down-fracture showed a significant increase in BPV LF (P < 0.001), an increasing trend in HRV LF/HF in Group P, and an increasing trend in HRV HF in Group R. There were no significant differences in HR or SBP between the two groups. Conclusion: During down-fracture of Le Fort I osteotomy, sympathetic nerve activity was predominant with propofol anesthesia, and parasympathetic nerve activity was predominant with remimazolam anesthesia.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.80-94
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate the importance of questions of obesity syndrome differentiation (OSD) questionnaire based on real-world survey and to explore the possibility of simplifying OSD types. Methods: The OSD frequency was identified, and variance threshold feature selection was performed to filter the questions. Filtered questions were clustered by K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. After principal component analysis (PCA), the distribution patterns of the subjects were identified and the differences in the syndrome distribution were compared. Results: The frequency of OSD in spleen deficiency, phlegm (PH), and blood stasis (BS) was lower than in food retention (FR), liver qi stagnation (LS), and yang deficiency. We excluded 13 questions with low variance, 7 of which were related to BS. Filtered questions were clustered into 3 groups by K-means clustering; Cluster 1 (17 questions) mainly related to PH, BS syndromes; Cluster 2 (11 questions) related to swelling, and indigestion; Cluster 3 (11 questions) related to overeating or emotional symptoms. After PCA, significant different patterns of subjects were observed in the FR, LS, and other obesity syndromes. The questions that mainly affect the FR distribution were digestive symptoms. And emotional symptoms mainly affect the distribution of LS subjects. And other obesity syndrome was partially affected by both digestive and emotional symptoms, and also affected by symptoms related to poor circulation. Conclusions: In-depth data mining analysis identified relatively low importance questions and the potential to simplify OSD types.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.602-616
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• 2023

Fifteen types of rice collected from Kurdistan region-Iraq were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) in terms of physical properties and cooking characteristics. The dimensions of evaluated grains correspond to 5.05-8.75 mm for length, 1.54-2.47 mm for width, and 1.37-1.95 for thickness. The equivalent diameter was in the range of 5.23-10.03 mm, and the area took 13.30-28.25 mm². The sphericity analysis values varied from 0.32 to 0.56, the aspect ratio from 0.17 to 0.39, and the volume of the grain was measured in the range from 4.48 to 17.74 mm³, hectoliter weight values were 730-820 kg/m³, and true density from 0.6 to 0.96 g/cm³. The broken grain ratio was 1.5-18.3%, thousand kernel weight corresponded to 15.88 to 22.42 g. The water uptake ratios for 30 min of soaking were increased at 60℃ compared to 30 and 45℃. The PCA was used to study the correlation of the most effective factors. Results of PCA showed that the first (PC1) and second (PC2) components retained 63.4% and 34.8% of the total variance, which PC1 was mostly related to hectoliter, broken ratio, and moisture content characteristics while PC2 was mostly concerned with hardness and true density. For cooking properties, the PC1 and PC2 retained 88.5% and 9.3% of the total variance, respectively. PC1 was mostly related to viscosity, spring value, and hardness after cooking, while PC2 was mostly concerned with spring value, hardness before cooking, and hardness after cooking.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.438-450
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify relationships between acculturation, social network, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Korean-Chinese immigrants. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 147 Korean-Chinese immigrants who were residing more than 1 year in Korea. Physical and mental dimensions of HRQOL were assessed by Short Form-12 Health Survey that consisted of a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS). Data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Results: The mean PCS score was $41.14{\pm}10.72$ and the mean MCS score was $49.09{\pm}11.31$ (possible range 10-70). Depression (${\beta}$=-6.43) and Social network frequency (${\beta}$=2.44) explained 28.4% of the variance in PCS while depression (${\beta}$=-11.54) and visiting clinic/hospital (${\beta}$=-4.00) explained 34.3% of the variance in MCS. Acculturation was not significantly associated with HRQOL. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the social network frequency influences HRQOL among Korean-Chinese Immigrants. The findings suggest that social network analysis should be considered in the process of developing health intervention strategies for Korean-Chinese immigrants.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 독거노인의 사회적 관계망, 외로움, 수면의 질이 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 지역사회에 거주하는 독거노인 111명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 자료수집을 하였다. SPSS Statistics 26.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regressions로 통계분석하였다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 교육 수준(β=.20, p=.020), 사회적 관계망(β=.31, p=.012) 및 수면의 질(β=-.23, p=.011)은 신체적 건강관련 삶의 질을 예측하는 요인으로 나타났고, 설명력은 25.7%이었다. 외로움(β=-.37, p=.004)은 정신적 건강관련 삶의 질을 예측하는 요인으로 나타났고, 설명력은 31.7%이었다. 독거노인의 건강관련 삶의 질 향상을 위해 사회적 고립을 해소하는 중재를 제공할 필요가 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 웨이브렛 영역의 BDIP(block difference of inverse probabilities)와 BVLC(block variance of local correlation coefficients) 특징, 그리고 WPCA(whitened principal component analysis) 분류기를 이용한 질감 분류 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 먼저 질의 영상에 웨이브렛 변환을 적용한다. 그런 다음 웨이브렛 영역의 각 부대역에 BDIP와 BVLC 연산자를 적용한다. 이어서 각 BDIP, BVLC 부대역에 대하여 전역 통계치를 계산하고 그 결과들을 벡터화하여 특징 벡터로 사용한다. 분류 단계에서는 얼굴 인식에 주로 사용되는 WPCA를 분류기로 하여 질의 특징 벡터와 가장 유사한 학습 특징 벡터를 찾는다. 실험 결과 제안된 방법은 3가지의 실험 질감 영상 DB에 대하여 낮은 특징 벡터 차원으로 매우 우수한 질감 분류 성능을 보여준다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1603-1623
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• 2020

Multiple Mobile Robots System (MMRS) has shown many attractive features in lots of real-world applications that motivate their rapid and wide diffusion. In MMRS, the Cooperative Localization (CL) is the basis and premise of its high-performance task. However, the statistical characteristics of the system noise should be already known in traditional CL algorithms, which is difficult to satisfy in actual MMRS because of the numerous of disturbances form the complex external environment. So the CL accuracy will be reduced. To solve this problem, an improved Adaptive Active Cooperative Localization (A²CL) algorithm based on information optimization strategy for MMRS is proposed in this manuscript. In this manuscript, an adaptive information fusion algorithm based on the variance component estimation under Extended Kalman filter (VCEKF) method for MMRS is introduced firstly to enhance the robustness and accuracy of information fusion by estimating the covariance matrix of the system noise or observation noise in real time. Besides, to decrease the effect of observation uncertainty on CL accuracy further, an observation optimization strategy based on information theory, the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy, is used here to maximize the information amount from observations. And semi-physical simulation experiments were carried out to verity the A²CL algorithm's performance finally. Results proved that the presented A²CL algorithm based on information optimization strategy for MMRS cannot only enhance the CL accuracy effectively but also have good robustness.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권12B호
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• pp.2369-2381
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 웨이브렛 변환을 이용하여 블록기반 변환 부호화 영상에서의 블록화 현상을 반복적으로 제거하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 블록화 현상이 수직, 수평 방향의 블록 경계를 따라 수직, 수평으로만 나타나는 점에 착안하여, 블록화 현상이 있는 영상 신호를 수직, 수평 방향의 분리적인 1차원 신호의 집합으로 간주하고 Gaussian 형태 함수의 1차 도함수를 모 웨이브렛으로 하는 1차원 웨이브렛 영역에서의 평균 자승 오차를 최소화시키는 필터로써 첫 번째 스케일 웨이브렛 영역의 블록 경계 위치에서의 분산이 다른 위치에 비하여 유달리 크게 나타나도록 하는 블록화 현상에 의한 신호 성분을 제거하는 과정과 양자화에 관한 블록 집합으로 투영하는 과정을 반복적으로 수행하여 블록화 현상이 제거된 영상을 얻는다. 실험결과, 제안된 방법은 0.56 - 1.07dB의 PSNR 성능 향상뿐만 아니라 에지 몽롱화가 없이 블록화 현상이 거의 제거된 주관적 화질 개선을 보였다.