• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 1985

니트로벤젠용액내에서의 i-브롬화프로필의 용해도를 10, 19, 25$^{\circ}C$에서 브롬화갈륨이 있을때와 없을때에 각각 측정하여 보았다. 브롬화갈륨이 존재할때에는 용액내에서 i-브롬화프로필과 브롬화갈륨의 1 : 1 complex, i-C$_3$H$_7Br{\cdot}GaBr_3$가 형성된다. 이 complex형성의 instability constant K는 다음식으로 계산된다. i-C$_3$H$_7Br{\cdot}GaBr_3$ ${\rightleftharpoons}$ i-C$_3$H$_7$Br + $\frac{1}{2}$$Ga_2Br_6$. 또한 이 complex의 해리에 대한 엔탈피, 자유에너지 및 엔트로피도 산출하였다. 따라서 브롬화갈륨과 각 브롬화알킬간의 complex형성의 안정도를 비교 검토한 결과 이들 브롬화알킬의 carboniumion의 안정도와 직접적인 관계가 있다고 본다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.563-567
• /
• 2006

The application of a synergistic solvent extraction by the formation of ternary complex with pyrocatechol violet (PV) and benzalkonium chloride (BC) was studied for determination of trace Zn(II) in water samples. The pH of sample solution and the amount of PV and BC added were optimized for the formation of the stable complex, a proper solvent was selected for the effective extraction, and the concentration of nitric acid was fixed for the back extraction of the complex from the solvent. After the ionic strength of 100 mL sample solution was adjusted to 0.1 M by adding NaCl and the pH was fixed at 9 with a carbonate buffer, 1.0 mL of 2% PV solution was added to form Zn(II)-PV complex then the Zn(II)-PV/BC ternary complex was made by adding 1.0 mL of 10% BC solution. The ternary complex was extracted into 10 mL of MIBK. And the ternary complex was back-extracted with 10 mL of 1.0 mol/L nitric acid to determine Zn(II) by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (flame-AAS). The interference of concomitant ions on the extraction of Zn(II) was investigated. This procedure was applied to the analysis of three real samples such as Dalbang-dam water, laboratory tap water and Jungnajin seawater. The recoveries of Zn(II) in spiked samples were 86.58-104.1%.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.230-235
• /
• 2013

Nephrin, a structural molecule, is also a signaling molecule after phosphorylation. Inhibition of nephrin phosphorylation is correlated with podocyte injury. The PINCH-1-ILK-${\alpha}$-parvin (PIP) complex plays a crucial role in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton formation. We hypothesized that nephrin phosphorylation influenced cytoskeleton and cell adhesion in podocytes by regulating the PIP complex. The nephrin phosphorylation, PIP complex formation, and F-actin in Wistar rats intraperitoneally injected with puromycin aminonucleoside were gradually decreased but increased with time, coinciding with the recovery from glomerular/podocyte injury and proteinuria. In cultured podocytes, PIP complex knockdown resulted in cytoskeleton reorganization and decreased cell adhesion and spreading. Nephrin and its phosphorylation were unaffected after PIP complex knockdown. Furthermore, inhibition of nephrin phosphorylation suppressed PIP complex expression, disorganized podocyte cytoskeleton, and decreased cell adhesion and spreading. These findings indicate that alterations in nephrin phosphorylation disorganize podocyte cytoskeleton and decrease cell adhesion through a PIP complex-dependent mechanism.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국주거학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2005

As environmental Problems are increasing, many attempts to solve problems and preserve environment are appearing around the world. Not only in construction, but also dwelling life, residents attend many activities to improve environmental problems. Ecological development example of Freiburg in Germany was focused in this study to show the direction of development of environmental friendly housing complex in Korea. The target of study is Vauban Housing Complex of Freiburg in Germany. The study methods are literature study and field trip. Contents of the study include 1) formation process of the complex 2) physical environment of the complex 3) environmental friendly factors of the complex 4) environmental friendly life style of the residents, etc. Result of this study is as follows. Vauban Housing Complex was remodeled from the existed army buildings by residents themselves through education and negotiations. Residents' life satisfaction and housing adaptation level were high on the whole. The principle of the complex formation was use of natural feature itself in maximum against developing in minimum. For instance, construction materials, energy saving, resources saving were planned and used carefully. The residents led community successfully according to environmental friendly life principles. In conclusion, the persistent study on environmental components is necessary that is suitable to Korean situation.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.302-314
• /
• 2000

옥천대 내의 옥천누층군과 조선누층군의 경계지역인 제천시 남부의 금성지역 내에는 선캠브리아 기반암인 당두산변성암복합체와 조선누층군인 도리층, 그리고 이들을 관입한 쥬라기 제천화강암이 분포한다. 당두산변성암복합체는 석영편암, 운모편암, 규암 및 페그마타이트 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 도리층은 주로 엽리상 석회암으로 구성된다. 연구지역 내의 지층들에서는 고생대 이후에 최소한 세 번의 변형작용의 영향이 인지된다. 당두산변성암복합체는 연구지역 내에서 세 곳에 분포하는데, 두 곳은 단층과 관련되어 분포하고, 한 곳은 도리층 내에 내암군으로 분포하고 있다. 당두산변성암복합체의 상승과 관련하여 이 연구에서는 두 번째 변형작용의 산물인 월굴리 및 당두산드러스트와 세 번째 변형작용 이후의 정단층인 중보들, 고교, 중전리단층들에 의해 당두산변성암복합체가 상승하여 현재와 같은 분포 상태를 보이는 것으로 해석되었다. 연구지역 서쪽의 부산변성암복합체는 연성변형작용에 의해서 상승하여 옥천누층군 내에 노출된 것으로 보고되어 있으나, 당두산변성암복합체는 취성 내지 반취성 변형작용에 의해서 상승하였다. 기존에 보고된 옥천누층군과 조선누층군이 고생대 이후 받은 변형작용 순서에 의하면, 변형작용은 시간에 따라서 연성에서 취성으로 바뀐 것으로 보고되어 있다. 따라서 아직 그 지질시대는 규명되지 못 하였지만, 당두산변성암복합체의 상승은 부산변성암복합체의 상승보다 후에 일어난 것으로 생각된다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.101-127
• /
• 1984

The study of interaction between riboflavin derivatives and biologically active substances was reviewed. With combination of spectroscopic methods such as NMR, UV, Fluorescence and IR, informations about interaction mechanism including hydrogen bond formation, conformation of association complex, and association constant were obtained. 1. Riboflavin associated with adenine but not with other bases found in the nucleic acids. -CONHCO- group was included in the formation of hydrogen bond with adenine. 2. Riboflavin interacted with alcohol to make a 1 : 1 association complex through the 3N-imino and 2C-carbonyl group of the isoalloxazine ring and the hydroxyl group of the alcohols. 3. Riboflavin associated with salicylates to produce the cyclic hydrogen-bonded dimer. The strongest complex was formed with salicylic acid, a weaker one with aspirin, and an even weaker one with salicylamide. 4. Other bio-active substances, orotic acid and inhibitors such as phenol, trichloroacetic acid and indol also formed hydrogen bond with riboflavin. 5. Reduced riboflavin showed strong self-association to produce the cyclic hydrogen-bonded complex and it associated with adenine and with cytosine to form 1 : 3 complex.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.173-174
• /
• 2005

On behalf of the IRSF/SIRIUS group, I introduce some recent results from our deep near-infrared surveys (J, Hand Ks bands, limiting magnitude of Ks=17) toward star forming regions in the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG) and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the near-infrared camera SIRIUS. We discovered a rich population of low-mass young stellar objects associated with the W3 and NGC 7538 regions in the MWG based on the near-infrared colors arid magnitudes. The high sensitivity of our survey enables us to detect intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars, i.e. HAEBE stars, even in the LMC. We detected many HAEBE candidate stars in the N159/N160 complex star forming region in the LMC with the IRSF 1.4-m telescope. Spatial distributions of the young stellar objects indicate the sequential cluster formation in each star forming region in the complex and large scale (a few ${\times}$ 100 pc) sequential cluster formation over the entire complex.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.1107-1114
• /
• 1994

Although various theories have been presented on the mechanism of setting retardation of plaster in addition to organic admixtures. The purpose of this paper is that Hydration studies of plaster of paris in the presence of carboxylic acids under alkalinity are examined in the coordination chemistry. Setting of plaster of paris is retarded by the addition of carboxylic acids except oxalic acid. And setting of plaster of paris contained 5 wt% of Ca(OH)2 is also retarded by the addition of above-mentioned carboxylic acids. The degree of retarding effect under alkalinity is found to be a function of the number of the functional group and the length of carbon chain of carboxyl acids. These reasons are attributed to the soluble complex formation, that is calcium complex formation between calcium ion and carboxylic acids. The author's proposal was confirmed by the results of electrical conductivity measurement. The formation of calcium complex was surpported by IR spectra.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 1971

The adsorption method for the determination of the formation constants of the metal complexes with organic acids was developed by using membrane filters. The adsorption method involved the measurements of radioactivities of the adsorbed metal on membrane filters and the filtrate solution after the radioactive metal ion were filtered through membrane filters in the presence of organic ions of varying concentration. Comparing the adsorption method with the ion exchange method, it was seen that the adsorption method was simpler and faster than the ion exchange method. As an example of the metal complex with organic acid yttrium citrate complex was chosen, and the formation constant of the complex obtained by the adsorption method showed $K_f=2.0{\times}10^{-4}(l. mole^{-1})$ at a pH of 7. Also the present study revealed that the carrierfree state of yttrium in aqueous solution was present in the completely ionized state.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.629-632
• /
• 1991

The rate constants for the formation and dissociation of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with mandelate have been determined by the pressure-jump relaxation study. The forward and reverse rate constants for the mandelate complex formation reactions were obtained to be $k_f=3.60{\times}10^4\;M^{-1}s^{-1}$ and $k_r=1.73{\times}10^2\;s^{-1}$ for the nickel(II), and $k_f=1.75{\times}10^5\;M^{-1}s{-1}$ and $2.33{\times}10^3\;s^{-1}$ for the cobalt(II) in aqueous solution of zero ionic strength ($(\mu{\to}0)\;at\;25^{\circ}C$. The results were interpreted by the use of the multistep complex formation mechanism. The rate constants evaluated for each individual steps in the multistep mechanism draw a conclusion that the rate of the reaction would be controlled by the chelate ring closure step in concert with the solvent exchange step in the nickel(II) complexation, while solely by the chelate ring closure step for the cobalt(II) complex.