• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2002

목적 : 방사선치료가 세포매개면역을 저하시킨다는 보고들이 있었으나 이를 방사선치료 부위 안의 혈류와 관련해서 고려되지는 않고 있다. 본 연구는 폐암의 방사선치료 후에 발생하는 백혈구 감소, 특히 림프구의 감소를 후향적으로 분석하고, 면역억제의 한 기전으로서 방사선치료 부위 안의 많은 혈액량과 동적인 혈류가 관련될 수 있는지를 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 34명의 폐암환자 들을 대상으로 하였으며, 방사선치료 단독군(RT군)이 10명, 방사선치료와 화학요법 병용군(RT/CT군) 16명, 화학요법 단독군(CT군)이 8명이었다. 말초혈액의 전체 백혈구수와 림프구수, 전체 백혈구수 중 림프구수의 비율(림프구 율)을 방사선치료 전중후에, 화학요법 전후에 측정하였는데 방사선치료 중에는 매 주마다 검사를 하였고, 화학요법과 방사선치료 후에는 좀 더 긴 간격으로 하였다. 환자의 특성과 병변의 특성은 세 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아다. 치료방법에 있어서도 RT군과 RT/CT군 사이에 총 방사선량, 분할조사선량, 치료면적, 치료용적은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 방사선치료를 시행한 군(RT군, RT/CT군)과 방사선치료를 시행하지 않은 군(CT군)의 평균 추적기간은 각각 6개월과 8개월이었다. 결과 : 치료 후 전체 백혈구수의 변화는 다른 치료군 간에 의미 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 방사선치료를 시행한 RT군과 RT/CT군은 방사선치료 후 훨씬 낮은 림프구수와 림프구 율을 보였다. 치료 전 림프구수와 최종 림프구수 사이의 감소는 방사선치료를 시행한 군과 시행하지 않은 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.044). 또한 림프구 율에 있어서도 치료 전과 최종 림프구 율 사이의 감소는 방사선치료를 시행한 군과 시행하지 않은 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.037). 결론 : 림프구 감소증은 화학요법만을 시행한 경우보다 방사선치료를 시행한 경우에 더 현저하였다. 그리고 이러한 림프구 감소증이 폐암의 흉부 방사선치료 후 면역감소의 한 원인이 될 수도 있겠다. 저 선량의 방사선조사 후 림프구의 아포토시스 유도를 보여준 이전의 몇몇 연구들을 함께 생각해 볼 때, 조심스럽게 제안하고 싶은 것은 혹시 본 연구에서 보이는 림프구 감소증이 방사선조사야 내의 많은 혈액량이나 역동적인 혈류와 약간의 관련성이 있을 수도 있다는 것이다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2015

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has facilitated an improvement in acupuncture treatment. In this study, we stimulated Shaochong (HT9), Dadun (LR1), Shaohai (HT3), and Yingu (KI10) acupoints with pulsed laser diodes 532 nm [green laser] and 658 nm [red laser] in rats with induced middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). The animals were divided into 6 groups: intact control; MCAO control without LLLT; LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (RR); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and HT3·KI10 (GG); LLLT with green laser at HT9·LR1 and red laser at HT3·KI10 (GR); and LLLT with red laser at HT9·LR1 and green laser at HT3·KI10 (RG). We evaluated the immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, and complete blood count changes. Compared to the MCAO control group, the RG group showed a significant decrease in Bax and cytochrome c levels in the hippocampus, and a significant increase in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.401-418
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• 1995

Aging process can be explained by many factors. In this study, we counted complete Blood Cells (CBC) such as WBC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes, RBC, HGB, and HCT of both SAM P6 and SAM P1 during the aging process. Plasma albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, urea concentrations were also measured at the same time. In addition to these, plasma concentrations of cortisol, total T3, and total T4 were analyzed by Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. There were no change in CBC counts of SAM R1 and SAM P6 during this study. Plasma concentratins of albumin and glucose decreased significantly in SAM R1. However, plasma alkaline phosphatases and creatinine concentration in SAM P6 decreased significantly at 16 week after birth comparing to the control. Total T4 levels were siginificantly increased although cortisol and total T3 concentrations were the same in SAM R1 groups. Especially, the after birth of creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, T4 of SAM P6 at 16 week were significantly different form those of SAM R1. At 12 week after birth, pilose antler extract was given 5g/kg/day p.o. for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days each in both SAM R1 and SAM P6. The RBC, HGB, and HCT levels started to increase significantly from 7 days after the dose at SAM P6 only. Total T4 conectrations were elevated gradually during the study although the antler extract administration did not prevent or inhibit the increase in total T4 concentration during the study. Therefore, the elevation of erythrocytes after administration of the extract needs to be studied in future.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1995

Purpose : To assess the efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) in the neutropenia by radiotherapy. Materials and Methods : Eleven patients with various solid tumor were treated with a daily subcutaneous dose of GM-CSF(3-7microgram/kg) for 5days during the radiotherapy. Before and during the course of the study all the patients were monitored by the recording of physical examination, the complete blood count with differential and reticulocyte count and liver function test. Eight patients received prior or concurrent chemotherapy. Results : In 10 patients, the neutrophilic nadir was significantly elevated and the lenght of time that Patients had a neutrophil count below $10^3/mm^3$ a threshold known to be critical to acquiring infective complications was shortened following GM-CSF injection. A significant rise (two fold or greater) of neutrophil count was seen in 10 of 11 patients. In most patients, discontinuation of GM-CSF resulted in a prompt return of granulocyte counts toward baseline. However the neutrophil count remained elevated over $10^3/mm^3$ during radiation therapy, and radiotherapy delays were avoided. Other peripheral blood components including monocytes and platelets also increased after GM-CSF treatment. No significant toxicity was encountered with subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment. Conclusion : GM-CSF was well tolerated by subcutaneous route and induced improvement in the neutropenia caused by radiotherapy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2008

It was previously found that PG102, a water-soluble extract derived from Actinidia arguta, was able to modulate Th1/Th2 pathways and suppress IgE production resulting in dramatic amelioration of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mouse and hairless rat models. In order to evaluate the subacute toxicity of PG102, female and male SD rats were daily fed with various doses of PG102 for 4 weeks. Six week old SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and orally administrated with 100-, 300-, and 1,000- mg/kg of PG102 as well as the vehicle only. At the end of the study, no significant differences in the body and organ weights were observed between control and treated rats of both genders. Hematological and blood chemical analysis showed little differences between the animal groups. Neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were found. PG102 produced little or no subacute toxicity and could be used as a safe nutraceutical for the treatment of individuals with allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3735-3737
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate if there is a relation between platelet: lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values and tumour histology and spread in bladder cancer cases. Materials and Methods: Bladder cancer patients undergoing TUR-M operation, with histopathologically verified diagnosis, followed-up and treated at the Private Medical Park Gaziantep Hospital between 2010 and 2015, have were included in the study. NLR and PLR values were calculated using complete blood count data obtained at the first presentation. Results: A total of 99 patients were included in the study, 7 (7.1%) women and 92 men (92.9%). When NLR was used as the indicator of systemic inflammatory response (SIR), it was determined that, 52 (52.5%) of the patients were SIR negative and 47 (47.5%) SIR positive. No significant relation could be detected between NLR and tumour grade and muscle invasion (p=0.948, p=0.480). When PLR was used as SIR indicator, it was determined that 71 (71.7%) of the patients were found as negative and 28 (28.3%) as positive. No significant relation could be detected between PLR and tumour grade and muscle invasion (p=0.651, p=0.494). Conclusions: In our study we did not detected a relation between tumour histological behavior and PLR and NLR in bladder cancer. However, NLR and PLR are easily calculated, accessible, inexpensive and simple-to-use laboratory data from whole blood counts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5933-5937
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• 2015

Background: We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of baseline neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts along with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in local and advanced gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 103 patients with gastric cancer were included. For all, patient characteristics and overall survival (OS) times were evaluated. Data from a complete blood count test including neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (Plt) count, hemoglobin level (Hb) were recorded, and the NLR and PLR were obtained for every patient prior to pathological diagnosis before any treatment was applied. Results: Of the patients, 53 had local disease, underwent surgery and were administered adjuvant chemoradiotherapy where indicated. The remaining 50 had advanced disease and only received chemotherapy. OS time was $71.6{\pm}6$ months in local gastric cancer patients group and $15{\pm}2$ months in the advanced gastric cancer group. Univariate analysis demonstrated that only high platelet count (p=0.013) was associated with better OS in the local gastric cancer patients. In contrast, both low NLR (p=0.029) and low PLR (p=0.012) were associated with better OS in advanced gastric cancer patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NLR and PLR had no effect on prognosis in patients with local gastric cancer who underwent surgery and received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In advanced gastric cancer patients, both NLR and PLR had significant effects on prognosis, so they may find application as easily measured prognostic factors for such patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2061-2067
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• 2014

Background: It has been demonstrated that neutrophil:lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet:lymphocyte (PLR) ratios are associated with prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, basophil and eosinophil counts, LDH level, NLR and PLR are associated with prognosis in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed files of 50 patients who were managed with a diagnosis of MPM between 2005 and 2010. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments, response to treatment and prognostic factors were evaluated, along with relationships between pretreatment blood parameters and prognosis. Results: Overall, 38 men and 12 women were included to the study. Mean age was $61.5{\pm}9.4$ years (range: 39-83 years). There was advanced disease in 86% (n=43) and the histological type was epithelial mesothelioma in the majority (82%). Of the cases, 17 (34%) received radiotherapy, while 42 cases underwent first- and second-line chemotherapy, with cisplatin plus pemetrexed as the most commonly used regimen. In the assessment after therapy, it was found that there was complete response in 4 cases (8%), partial response in 10 cases (20%), stable disease in 17 cases (34%) and progression in 19 cases (38%). Median follow-up was 10 months (range: 10 day-30 months). Median overall survival was found to be 20.7 months while median progression-free survival as 10 months. In univariate and multivariate analyses, it was found that factors significantly affecting overall survival included stage (p=0.030), response to treatment (p=0.026) and monocyte count (p=0.004), while factors affecting disease-free survival included NLR (p=0.018), response to treatment (p=0.001), and PLR score (p=0.003). Conclusions: Overall and disease-free survival was found to be better in cases with a WBC count<8.000, platelet count<300,000, and low NLR and PLR scores in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.534-538
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• 2009

Medetomidine으로 마취된 개에 대한 dexamethasone의 항구토 효과를 평가하였다. 실험 당일, medetomidine($40\;{\mu}g$/kg, IM)을 주사하기에 앞서 dexamethasone을 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg의 용량으로 정맥주사하였다. 대조군에는 dexamethasone을 대신하여 식염수 0.1 ml/kg를 주사했다. Dexamethasone 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg의 용량에서 구토가 크게 감소되는 것이 관찰되었고, 시각적 마취 점수(visual sedation score)로 측정된 마취의 깊이 정도는 dexamethasone의 전처치에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한, CBC와 혈액화학분석 수치는 특징적인 변화를 보이지 않았고 실험 전과 하루 후의 수치가 정상범위내에 있었다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해 medetomidine투여로 유발되는 구토증상을 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg 용량의 dexamethasone이 임상적으로 영향을 끼치지 않으면서 안전하고 효과적으로 예방할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

Purpose: Early identification of neonatal sepsis is a global issue because of limitations in diagnostic procedures. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a single test for the early detection of neonatal sepsis. Methods: A prospective study enrolled newborns with documented sepsis (n=11), clinical sepsis (n=12) and control newborns (n=14). CRP, neutrophil CD64, complete blood counts and blood culture were taken at the time of the suspected sepsis for the documented or clinical group and at the time of venipuncture for laboratory tests in control newborns. Neutrophil CD64 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: CD64 was significantly elevated in the groups with documented or clinical sepsis, whereas CRP was not significantly increased compared with controls. For documented sepsis, CD64 and CRP had a sensitivity of 91% and 9%, a specificity of 83% and 83%, a positive predictive value of 83% and 33% and a negative predictive value of 91% and 50%, respectively, with a cutoff value of 3.0 mg/dL for CD64 and 1.0 mg/dL for CRP. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for CD64 index and CRP were 0.955 and 0.527 ($P$ <0.01), respectively. Conclusion: These preliminary data show that diagnostic accuracy of CD64 is superior to CRP when measured at the time of suspected sepsis, which implies that CD64 is a more reliable marker for the early identification of neonatal sepsis as a single determination compared with CRP.