• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.135-162
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• 2010

The Purpose of this study is to get basic material about voluntary association in local community and its utilization. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, it was considered that trust of social capital plays a leading part in voluntary association to maintain or strengthen its role and activities. For this reason we attempt to find the process of trust building in voluntary association. The revised ground theory that is complementary weaknesses of ground theory is used in this study and in 11months, four times researches have investigated. As a result, it was analyzed that the structure of building trust can be categorized into three structure, building up relationship, dynamic interaction and structural stabilization in voluntary association. In the space that is structured spatially and temporal, role, activity, accomplishment, attitude, conflict and environment acted as basic attributes. These attributes can be found in every building process of trust and influence on continuance and growth of voluntary association. The fact that this study offers in-depth understanding of voluntary association and empirical directivity regarding the community welfare services is of great significant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.205-230
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• 2024

Recently, as user demand to receive various information through one integrated institution has increased, "Larchiveum," which integrates the functions and services of archives, libraries, and museums, has been established. Thus, web information services are provided in an integrated manner through the Larchiveum website. This study attempted to analyze the information services on the Larchiveum website in detail. To this end, the researchers developed a web information service evaluation index reflecting the characteristics of Larchiveum that are differentiated from information services offered by websites of general archives, libraries, and museums. Recognizing the importance of evaluation indicators, the researchers developed evaluation indicators, and an evaluation of the three institutions' websites was conducted. The assessment showed that the currently operating Larchiveum website provides ample basic business introduction and interface navigation, but the use of search results in the information search area was insufficient. Complementary points were presented in these areas, and measures that would be effective if additionally operated were also suggested. This research sought to provide practical assistance in configuring and providing web services for the newly established Larchiveum in hopes that the evaluation indicators used in this study will be applied, supplemented, and utilized well in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

This study examined the definition and major values, the designated procedures and types, and the designation trend in Korean scenic sites and national parks in the United States. Based on this, the analysis of the characteristics of the designation of the two natural heritages. The results are as follows; First, Scenic Sites has characteristics of complex heritage that includes academic, historical, and humanities values on the basis of landscape. As a natural heritage based on public nature, the U.S. National Park aims to contribute to the people's natural heritage and satisfy both ecological and historical values through the protection of the landscape. Second, the designation of a scenic sites are decided through deliberation by the Cultural Heritage Committee after the request of the owner, manager, or local government or by the authority of the head of the Cultural Heritage Administration. The designated survey is divided into basic resource surveys and resource surveys by type. Since the initial designation of the Sogeumgang Mountain in Cheonghakdong, Myeongju in 1970, the number of designated scenic sites was low until the 2000s, but the number of designated scenic sites has increased rapidly since 2006 due to the policy to promote the scenic site, and the proportion of natural and historical and cultural scenic sites has been balanced. The designation of the U.S. national park is decided by the Congress or the president, and the National Park Service makes a series of decisions on whether to conduct a special resource study of provisional resources through a preliminary inspection survey, whether to satisfy the criteria for designation of national parks based on the results of special resource research, and to prioritize them. The U.S. National Parks have been expanded not only by Congress but also by the president's empowerment to designate them as national monuments. With the integrated operation of the National Park Service, the number of designated cases increased as the national park included the heritage sites under the control of various ministries. In addition, a number of historical areas were designated by the enactment of the Historical Site Act, and recreational areas were designated to provide leisure space and classified and managed in a total of 18 units. Third, the comparison of the designation characteristics of the two heritage properties confirmed that the designation of natural heritage with complex value, the classification of types according to complementary designation system and resource characteristics, the establishment of the competent ministry and the balancing of the heritage according to the designation policy. The two heritages had the characteristics of complex natural heritages that met ecological, historical and academic values at the same time based on landscape and public nature. In addition, both countries have identified a system for deliberating the designation of heritage through a basic resource survey and an in-depth designation survey, and classified each type according to the characteristics of the resource. In addition, the policies for promoting scenic sites in Korea and the integrated operation of the National Park Service in the U.S. influenced the designated aspects of the two heritage sites, balancing natural heritage with historical and cultural heritage. Fourth, the resource types and conservation management methods of Scenic site and National Park were largely related. The natural areas of the U.S. National Park include types of natural monuments in Korea as major resources, and have characteristics similar to natural scenic sites. In addition, historical resources were similar to the criteria for designation of historical and cultural scenic sites in terms of landscape, and the aspects of war and celebrity-related relics were related to the types of historic sites. In terms of conservation management, the natural area of the U.S. national park has a way of keeping the original ecosystem intact, but the Korean natural heritage protection system is likely to be useful for focusing on the resource of viscosity. Meanwhile, historical resources include historical sites and historical and cultural scenic sites in the traditional era, but historical relics in the U.S. National Parks have set a time limit to modern times for war history and celebrity-related relics, and the active provision of entertainment programs based on existing resources was derived as a difference.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.143-174
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• 2019

Our Constitution obliges the state to protect the health of the people, and the Medical Law, which embodied Constitution, sets out in detail the matters related to open the medical institution, and one of them is to prohibit the operation of multiple medical institutions. By the way, virtually multiple medical institutions could be opened and operated because the Supreme Court had interpreted that several medical institutions could be opened if medical activities were not performed directly at the additional medical institution which was opened under the another doctor's license. However, some health care providers opened the several medical institutions with another doctor's license for the purpose of the maximization of profit, and did illegal medical cares like the unfair luring of patients, over-treatment, and commission treatment. Also, realistic problems such as the infringed health rights have arisen. Accordingly, lawmakers had come to amend the Medical Law to readjust the system of opening for medical institution so that medical personnel could not open or operate more than one medical institution for any reason. For this reason, the Constitutional Court recently declared a constitutional decision through a long period of in-depth deliberation because the constitutional petition and the adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes had been filed on whether Article 33 paragraph 8 of the revised medical law is unconstitutional. The Constitutional Court acknowledged the "justice of purpose" in view of the importance of public medical institutions, of the prevention from seduction of for-profit patients and from over-treatment, and of the fact that health care should not be the object of commercial transactions. Given the risk that medical personnel might be subject to outside capital, the concern that the holder of the medical institution's opening certificate and the actual operator may be separated, the principle that the human body and life should not be just a means, and the current system's inability to identify over-treatment, it also acknowledged the 'minimum infringement'. Furthermore, The Constitutional Court judged it is constitutional in compliance with the principle of restricting fundamental rights, such as 'balance of legal interests'. In this regard, legislative complements are needed in order to effectively prevent the for-profit management and the over-treatment the Constitutional Court is concerned about. In this regard, consumer groups actively support the need for legislation, and health care providers groups also agree on the need for legislation. Therefore, the legislators should respect the recent Constitutional Court's decision and in the near future complete the complementary legislation to reflect the people's interests.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the self-directed learning contents of Earth science area in the basic course of the 7th grade. For this purpose, we applied the 'Cyber Home Study Content Quality Control Tool' presented in 'Elementary Secondary Education e-Learning Quality Management Guidelines (Ver.2.0)' of Korea Education & Research Information Service (2008). The results of contents analysis are as follow: First, it was presented that the study guide introduced the contents which should be studied for one class, properly. And it was not analyzed that the diagnosis assesment was not completed in the initiative study; Second, it was possible to study choosing the contents fitting the learner's level of learning in the main study, it was comprised of about 15 minutes. Third, it was performed without feedback for incorrect answers in the learning assessment, just the number of wrong questions. And the learning arrangement present the important contents learned in that class, summarizing and arranging again. The results of content evaluation are as follows: First, a big difference was not showed against the needs analysis, instructional design, interaction in each class. And the evaluation of the ethics was not included a word or sentence not suitable. The evaluation of copyright, it was analyzed that Work within the content display in compliance with international copyright Second, the evaluation of instructional design presented mainly the description of a simple picture based, the visible resources like flash card were poor. And in the evaluation of Supporting System, it was presented that the contents were installed so that it was freely available for learners. But it was analyzed that there was no memo-function learners were able to jot down something during the studying contents. And in the evaluation for evaluation, the clear valuation basis about the described content was not presented. So there were slightly differences for each class. Third, in the evaluation and analysis for learning content, it was presented that there were some big differences for each class because it was not composed of the latest information, not corrected and complementary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2017

Sweet corns are enjoyed worldwide as processed products and fresh ears. Types of sweet corn are based on the gene(s) involved. The oldest sweet corn type has a gene called "sugary (su)". Sugary-based sweet corn was typically named "sweet corn". With its relatively short shelf life and the discovery of a complementary gene, "sugary enhanced (se)", the sweet corn (su only) was rapidly replaced with another type of sweet corns, sugary enhanced sweet corn, which has recessive homozygous su/su, se/se genotype. With the incorporation of se/se genotype into existing su/su genotype, sugary enhanced sweet corn has better shelf life and increased sweetness while maintaining its creamy texture due to high level of water soluble polysaccharide, phytoglycogen. Super sweet corn as the name implies has higher level of sweetness and better shelf life than sugary enhanced sweet corn due to "shrunken2 (sh2)" gene although there's no creamy texture of su-based sweet corns. Distinction between sh2/sh2 and su/su genotypes in seeds is phenotypically possible. The Involvement of se/se genotype under su/su genotype, however, is visually impossible. The genotype sh2/sh2 is also phenotypically epistatic to su/su genotype when both genotypes are present in an individual, meaning the seed shape for double recessive sh2/sh2 su/su genotype is much the same as sh2/sh2 +/+ genotype. Hence, identifying the double and triple recessive homozygous genotypes from su, se and sh2 genes involves a testcross to single recessive genotype, chemical analysis or DNA-based marker development. For these reasons, sweetcorn breeders were hastened to put them together into one cultivar. This, however, appears to be no longer the case. Sweet corn companies began to sell their sweet corn hybrids with different combinations of abovementioned three genes under a few different trademarks or genetic codes, i.g. Sweet $Breed^{TM}$, Sweet $Gene^{TM}$, Synergistic corn, Augmented Supersweet corn. A total of 49 commercial sweet corn F1 hybrids with B73 as a check were genotyped using DNA-based markers. The genotype of field corn inbred B73 was +/+ +/+ +/+ for su, se and sh2 as expected. All twelve sugary enhanced sweet corn hybrids had the genotype of su/su se/se +/+. Of sixteen synergistic hybrids, thirteen cultivars had su/su se/se sh2/+ genotype while the genotype of two hybrids and the remaining one hybrid was su/su se/+ sh2/+, and su/su +/+ sh2/+, respectively. The synergistic hybrids all were recessive homozygous for su gene and heterozygous for sh2 gene. Among the fifteen augmented supersweet hybrids, only one hybrid was triple recessive homozygous (su/su se/se sh2/sh2). All the other hybrids had su/su se/+ sh2/sh2 for one hybrid, su/su +/+ sh2/sh2 for three hybrids, su/+ se/se sh2/sh2 for three hybrids, su/+ se/+ sh2/sh2 for four hybrids, and su/+ +/+ sh2/sh2 for three hybrids, respectively. What was believed to be a classic super sweet corn hybrids also had various genotypic combination. There were only two hybrids that turned out to be single recessive sh2 homozygous (+/+ +/+ sh2/sh2) while all the other five hybrids could be classified as one of augmented supersweet genotypes. Implication of the results for extension service and sweet corn breeding will be discussed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2008

Background: This research aims to provide basic data for dental hygienists to implement the infection control after understanding the level of their implementation of infection control in case they have been trained of infection control or not. Method: The respondents in this research are the dental hygienists who worked in the Incheon or Gyeonggi areas between June 16 and July 5, 2008 and who attended complementary training conducted by the Seoul Branch of Korean Dental Hygienists Association in April 2008. A total of 191 questionnaires were distributed to them, and the frequency of the collected data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 12.0. Moreover, cross-tabulation analysis (${\chi}^2$) whose significance level was 0.05, was applied to the data in order to verify the statistical significance of the survey method. Result: There was significant difference in their practice to wear gloves and/or a mask, use a disposable apron and the time to change the apron depending upon the respondents' workplace. There was significant difference in the time to change their apron depending upon the respondents' time of service. 91.6% had been trained in the infection control: of them, 70.7% trained at their school. It was found that 68.6% of the respondents who had been trained in the infection control would wash their hands before treating a patient. 50.3% of the respondents who had been trained in the prevention of contamination would wear their gloves as needed for a basic treatment. Conclusion: Considering the above results of this research, it is concluded that it is necessary to provide practicing dental hygienists with many opportunities for systematic and practical training so that they may faithfully follow the guidelines for the prevention of contamination and to encourage hospitals to have a greater store of relevant facilities, equipment and supplies.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2005

To investigate the characteristics of edible flowers as a food material, we have examined the kinds, colors, sizes, fresh weights, pigments and shipping periods of edible flowers marketed on the cropping farms, selling agencies and Internet shopping malls from February through September, 2005. Thirty six kinds of edible flowers were marketed in Korea, and all but the chrysanthemum were introduced species. The characteristics of edible flowers were shown differently by the varieties following the same kinds of flowers. Those colors were yellow (twenty five kinds), red (twenty three), pink (twenty), white (eighteen), and orange (sixteen). Flower diameters were measured and showed that seven kinds of edible flowers were 1.0 to 2.0cm, fourteen 2.0 to 3.0cm, sixteen 3.0 to 4.0cm, eight 4.0 to 5.0cm, and nine over 5.0cm. Flower fresh weights were measured as follows: twenty one kinds of edible flowers were under 0.5g ($58.3\%$), eight were $0.6\∼1.0g(22.2\%$), and six were $1.1{\∼}1.5g(16.7\%$). The taste of edible flowers was often bitter (twenty one kinds), sweet and sour (seven), somewhat fragrant (six), fishy (three), and others (nine). The pigments of edible flowers were anthoxanthin (twenty seven kinds), flavonoid (twenty three), carotenoid (seventeen), and betanidin (four).

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-106
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• 2022

Recently, the amount of video data collected from smartphones, CCTVs, black boxes, and high-definition cameras has increased rapidly. According to the increasing video data, the requirements for analysis and utilization are increasing. Due to the lack of skilled manpower to analyze videos in many industries, machine learning and artificial intelligence are actively used to assist manpower. In this situation, the demand for various computer vision technologies such as object detection and tracking, action detection, emotion detection, and Re-ID also increased rapidly. However, the object detection and tracking technology has many difficulties that degrade performance, such as re-appearance after the object's departure from the video recording location, and occlusion. Accordingly, action and emotion detection models based on object detection and tracking models also have difficulties in extracting data for each object. In addition, deep learning architectures consist of various models suffer from performance degradation due to bottlenects and lack of optimization. In this study, we propose an video analysis system consists of YOLOv5 based DeepSORT object tracking model, SlowFast based action recognition model, Torchreid based Re-ID model, and AWS Rekognition which is emotion recognition service. Proposed model uses single-linkage hierarchical clustering based Re-ID and some processing method which maximize hardware throughput. It has higher accuracy than the performance of the re-identification model using simple metrics, near real-time processing performance, and prevents tracking failure due to object departure and re-emergence, occlusion, etc. By continuously linking the action and facial emotion detection results of each object to the same object, it is possible to efficiently analyze videos. The re-identification model extracts a feature vector from the bounding box of object image detected by the object tracking model for each frame, and applies the single-linkage hierarchical clustering from the past frame using the extracted feature vectors to identify the same object that failed to track. Through the above process, it is possible to re-track the same object that has failed to tracking in the case of re-appearance or occlusion after leaving the video location. As a result, action and facial emotion detection results of the newly recognized object due to the tracking fails can be linked to those of the object that appeared in the past. On the other hand, as a way to improve processing performance, we introduce Bounding Box Queue by Object and Feature Queue method that can reduce RAM memory requirements while maximizing GPU memory throughput. Also we introduce the IoF(Intersection over Face) algorithm that allows facial emotion recognized through AWS Rekognition to be linked with object tracking information. The academic significance of this study is that the two-stage re-identification model can have real-time performance even in a high-cost environment that performs action and facial emotion detection according to processing techniques without reducing the accuracy by using simple metrics to achieve real-time performance. The practical implication of this study is that in various industrial fields that require action and facial emotion detection but have many difficulties due to the fails in object tracking can analyze videos effectively through proposed model. Proposed model which has high accuracy of retrace and processing performance can be used in various fields such as intelligent monitoring, observation services and behavioral or psychological analysis services where the integration of tracking information and extracted metadata creates greate industrial and business value. In the future, in order to measure the object tracking performance more precisely, there is a need to conduct an experiment using the MOT Challenge dataset, which is data used by many international conferences. We will investigate the problem that the IoF algorithm cannot solve to develop an additional complementary algorithm. In addition, we plan to conduct additional research to apply this model to various fields' dataset related to intelligent video analysis.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.78
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• pp.57-85
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• 2024

Purpose of the study: In order to utilize artificial intelligence-generated AI in educational ministry, this study analyzes the concept of artificial intelligence and generative AI and the educational theological aspects of educational ministry to find ways to efficiently utilize artificial intelligence ChatGPT in educational ministry. Contents and methods of the study: The contents of this study are. First, the contents of this study were analyzed by dividing the concepts of artificial intelligence and generative AI into the concept of artificial intelligence, types of artificial intelligence, and generative language model AI ChatGPT. Second, the educational theological analysis of educational ministry was divided into the concept of educational ministry, the goals of educational ministry, the content of educational ministry, and the direction of educational ministry in the era of artificial intelligence. Third, the plan to use artificial intelligence ChatGPT in educational ministry is to provide tools for writing sermon manuscripts, preparation tools for worship and prayer, and church education, focusing on the five functions of the early church community. It was analyzed by dividing it into tools for teaching, tools for teaching materials for believers, and tools for serving and volunteering. Conclusion and Recommendation: The conclusion of this study is that, first, when writing sermon manuscripts through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, high-quality sermon manuscripts can be written through the preacher's spirituality, faith, and insight. Second, through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, you can efficiently design and plan worship services and prepare services that serve the congregation objectively through various scenarios. Third, by using artificial intelligence ChatGPT in church education, it can be used while maintaining a complementary relationship with teachers through collaboration with human and artificial intelligence teachers. Fourth, through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, we provide a program that allows members of the church community to share spiritual fellowship, a plan to meet the needs of church members and strengthen interdependence, and an attitude of actively welcoming new people and respecting diversity. It provides useful materials that can play an important role in giving, loving, serving, and growing together in the love of Christ. Lastly, through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, we are seeking ways to provide various information about volunteer activities, learning support for children and youth in the community, mentoring-related programs, and playing a leading role in forming a village community in the local community.