• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.67-75
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• 2005

This study analyzed the relationships between expenditures on transportation and those on communications, using consumer expenditure data from the U.S. for the 19 years 1984-2002. We first identified 12 categories of goods for transportation and communications, and then applied the linear approximate Almost Ideal Demand System(LA/AIDS) method for estimating consumer demand functions based on aggregating the categories to five (public transportation, personal vehicle capital, personal vehicle operation, electronic communications media, and print communications media) due to the small sample size. Expenditure and price elasticities were also calculated at mean values of expenditure shares. The results indicate that transportation and communications categories have both substitutive(e.g. public transportation and electronic communications media) and complementary(e.g. private vehicle capital and electronic communications media) relationships. Additionally, expenditures in the transportation categories are generally more income-elastic than those in communications.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_1
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• pp.993-1001
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• 2017

Drought is a worldwide natural disaster with extensively adverse impacts on natural ecosystems, agricultural products, social communities and regional economy. Various global satellite observations, including SMAP soil moisture, GRACE terrestrial water storage, Terra and Aqua vegetation productivity, evapotranspiration, and satellite precipitation measures are currently used to characterize seasonal timing and inter-annual variations of regional water supply pattern, vegetation growth, drought events, and its associated influence ecosystems and human society. We suggest the satellite monitoring system development to quantify meteorological, eco-hydrological, and socio-ecological factors related to drought events, and characterize spatial and temporal drought patterns in Korea. The combination of these complementary remote sensing observations(visible to microwave bands) provide an effective means for evaluating regional variations in the timing, frequency, and duration of drought, and availability of water supply influencing vegetation and crop growth. This integrated drought monitoring could help national capacity to deal with natural disasters.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.184-187
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• 2000

Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) plays an important role in the regulation of various gastric functions, and the growth-inhibitory activities on tumor cells are studied in vitro and in vivo. Although the mechanisms have attracted many researchers in the past decade, the molecular mechanisms of cell cycle arrest, or induction of apoptosis by $PGE_2$, is unclear. We investigated the effects of $PGE_2$ on the growth of the human gastric carcinoma cell line SNU1 and genes that are regulated by $PGE_2$ and isolated them using differential display RT-PCR (DD RT-PCR). FACS analysis suggested that SNU1 cells were arrested at the G1 phase by $PGE_2$ treatment. This growth inhibitory effect was in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment of SNU1 cells with $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ $PGE_2$, followed by DD RT-PCR analysis, revealed differently expressed bands patterns from the control. Among the differently expressed clones, we found an unidentified cDNA clone (HGP-27) overexpressed in $PGE_2$-treated cells. The full-length cDNA of HGP-27 was isolated using RACE, which consisted of a 30-nt 5'-noncoding region, a 891-nt ORF encoding the 296 amino acid protein, and a 738-nt 3'-noncoding region including a poly(a) signal. This gene was localized on the short arm of chromosome number 11. Using the Motif Finder program, a myb-DNA binding repeat signature was detected on the ORF region. The COOH-terminal half was shown to have similarity with the $NH_3$-terminal domain of thioredoxin (Trx). This relation between HGP-27 and Trx implied a potential role for HGP-27 in modulating the DNA binding function of a transcription factor, myb.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2011

The premise of this study is that an ultimate objective in planning an exhibition space is visitors' experiences created by a result of their first-hand experiences and responses within an exhibition space, and this result can be recognized in the visitors' movement. Thus, the exhibition layout that can directly affects viewers' main line of flow and movement patterns was examined vis--vis a mutually complementary relation in a triangular composition with the structure of exhibition space and the exhibition contents. This study, with the subjects of standing exhibit halls of Gwacheon National Science Museum, Daejeon National Science Museum, and Tokyo National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, analyzed 'the correlation between the configuration of the exhibition area and the visitors' movement. The targeted subjects were analyzed from the perspectives of type of architectural space and organization of the exhibition method, and the purpose of this study was to find a spatial evidence to predict the spectator movement formed within the exhibition halls of science museums. The main indicators used are: Based on the investigation/analysis as described above, the following conclusion could be drawn. Diversity of exhibition environment and spectator movement: besides the two big categories of the types of architectural space and types of exhibition method, the construction of vertical circulation and size and shape of the exhibition space, distribution characteristics of exhibition medium, organization of symbolic space and such other diverse organizations and combinations of exhibition environment are implied to have the capability to alter the scope and degree of predicting spectator movement. As an example, the types of architectural space comprising the wide-area viewing circulation was found to be able to change the system of planar circulation according to the composition of vertical circulation. Along with this, it was implied that the format of architectural space influences the form of the exhibition space, and may also act as a factor directly influencing the diversity and arrangement of the exhibition methods. That is, the spatial elements comprising the exhibition environment acts inter-complexly, and exhibits characteristics of limiting or controlling spectator movement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the practical usefulness of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PACE) fingerprinting of whole cell proteins far the identification of lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi. SDS- PACE of whole cell proteins of the reference strains and lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi yielded differential banding patterns that were highly specific fingerprints, thus making it possible to identify. Identification of the isolates from Kimchi was achieved by comparing the SDS-PAGE fingerprints of isolates to those of reference strains. In addition, the reliability of SDS-PAGE was examined by comparing the results with those of the APL 50 CHL system assay and 16S rRNA gene sequence. SDS-PACE assay showed a different identity to reference strains, while the APL 50 CHL system and 16S rRNA gene sequence could not distinguish a few strains. Therefore, SDS-PAGE of the whole cell proteins is a specific and a reliable method that will be useful for the identification of lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi to the species level, and can be used as an alternative or complementary identification method.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2016

This study analyses determinant factors of time allocation within married couple using 2014 Time-use survey. Findings show that husbands spend less time on child care and housework than wives do. When wives have high income and young kids, husbands' time spending on child care and housework increases. Wives' time allocation is associated with husbands' income- wives' working time is negatively associated, but wives' housework time is positively associated with husbands' income. However, both wives' and husbands' income is not related to child care time. When wives' income increases, while, husbands' time spent on housework and child care increases. There are complementary relations within time allocation, but substitute relationships between wives' and husbands' housework time. In other words, if a wife works long hours, husband spends more time on housework, but if a wife or a husband spends on housework, her husband or his wife does not spends on it. However, findings of married couple time allocation for weekend shows different patterns from weekday time use.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.98-107
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• 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as regulators of gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target genes. They perform important biological functions in the various species. Among many miRNAs, miR-21-3p is known to serve vital functions in development and apoptosis in olive flounder. Using genomic and bioinformatic tools, evolutionary conservation of miR-21-3p was examined in various species, and expression pattern was analyzed in olive flounder. Conserved sequences (5'-CAGUCG-3') in numerous species were detected through the stem-loop structure of miR-21-3p. Thus, we analyzed target genes of miR-21-3p. Among them, 3' UTR region of PPIL2 gene indicated the highest binding affinity with miR-21-3p based on the minimum free energy value. The PPIL2 gene showed high expression levels in testis tissue of the olive flounder, whereas miR-21-3p showed rather ubiquitous expression patterns except in testis tissue, indicating that miR-21-3p seems to control the PPIL2 gene expression in a complementary repression manner in various tissues of olive flounder. Taken together, this current study contributes to infer the target gene candidates for the miR-21-3p using bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, our data offers important information on the relationship between miR-21-3p and target gene for further functional study.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2002

The following paper deals with the interaction between an Austrian art trend from the late 19th century until World War I, the Vienna Separatist Movement, and the Vienna Workshop dress and its ornaments in part designed by the artists belonging to the former mentioned school. Gustav Klimt′s paintings along with his photographs and pictures and articles published in the "Wiener Mode" magazine were subject of analysis. The focus was on Klimt′s paintings with female themes whereby a comparative analysis was made between the development of the forms, hues and ornaments of clothing and the style of paintings at that time. The whole development was classified into three phases. The first period from 1897∼1905 marks the birth of the Vienna Separatists along with the clothing reform movement. The heyday of the Separatists represents the second phase from 1906∼1913 and the decline of the very school and the Vienna Workshop period lasts from 1913∼1918. Refromed dresses were started to be recognized as alternatives, from 1897 when the Separatists started to gain foot until 1o05, and Kimt and Van de Velde published designs that were comfortable and elegant. From 1906 to 1913 the expressionism and Reform Mode of the Vienna artists started to flourish. But during the War the Separatist Movement, which triggered the modernazation of Vienna declined and instead the decorative art of Vienna Workshops started to develop. The asymmetric design of the dress, exotic patterns, shades of complementary colors and reformed clothing were frequently used by Kimt and other Separatists. This is an instance where fashion design directly influenced art and different branches can reflect the same aesthetic standards within the same time frame.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

Potato plants carrying the Ry gene are extremely resistance to a number of potyviruses, but it is not known which variety expressed the resistance. In this investigation, combined classical and molecular techniques were used to identify virus resistance potatoes. Mechanical inoculation of 32 varieties of Korean potato cultivars, with potato virus Y (PVY), induced various symptoms, such as mosaic, yellowing, necrosis, mottle, vein clearing and vein bending. Different virus spreading patterns were observed, such as highly sensitive, moderate and resistant to $PVY^o$ inoculated leaves in different cultivars. From the results of double antibody sandwich-enzyme links immunosorbant assays (DAS-ELISA), coupled with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Winter valley and Golden valley were found to be highly susceptible and resistant cultivars to $PVY^o$ respectively. TEM was used as a complementary method to conform the localization of the virus in leaf tissues. TEM detect virus particles in Golden valley, where, ELISA and RT-PCR were unable to detect the CP gene. However, the interior part of the tissues was severely deformed in $PVY^o$ infected Winter valley, than Golden valley The Ry gene is involved in an induced response in $PVY^o$ infected Golden valley plants. The methods described in this study could be applied for the screening and development of antiviral potatoes.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.297-300
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• 2015

In medical ultrasonography, transit time and contrast enhancement patterns are considered as important parameters to analyze liver diseases. In many recent researches, time-intensity curves(TIC) have been used for calculating the transit time of the contrast agents. However, the intensity curve may include the variations which are caused by the micro-bubble effect of contrast agents. In this paper, we propose a complementary approach to diagnostic parameter extraction which utilizes a density information as well as the intensity data. The proposed technique improves the accuracy in extraction of the transit time and velocity of contrast agents for detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. Through the experiments using a set of clinical data, we show that the proposed methods can improve the reliability of the parametric image data.