• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1992

Body water compartments in vivo were determined in Holstein cattle with age ranging from 5 to 521 days to obtain an equation to estimate volumes of body water. Live weight ranged from 47 to 480 kg. Compartments were determined as antipyrine space for total body water (TBW), thiocyanate space for extracellular water (ECW) and Evans blue dye space for plasma water (PW). Body water compartments expressed as a percentage of live weight decreased as age in days increased and significantly correlated with age in days. Regression analyses revealed that prediction equations had low accuracy. Regression equations of body water compartments on live weight (WT, kg) were useful for the prediction of body fluid with a high accuracy. Live weight significantly regressed on age in days (Day), which was inferred to be utilized for estimation of standardized live weight in case animals were emaciated by certain causes such as severe diarrhea or dehydration. In conclusion, following equations were presented to estimate body water compartments of cattle in vivo : TBW in liters = $0.556({\pm}0.007)WT+10$, r = 0.993, $SE{\pm}0.7$ ECW in liters = $0.321({\pm}0.008)WT+10$, r = 0.978, $SE{\pm}0.8$ PW in liters = $0.0502({\pm}0.0012)WT+1.6$, r = 0.0983, $SE{\pm}0.1$ WT (kg) = $0.772({\pm}0.018)Day+24$, r = 0.982, $SE{\pm}2.3$.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2007

특정 구획으로 유입된 오염물질이 해당 구획 내부에 순간적으로 균일하게 분포한다는 구획모델에 대한 기본가정의 한계로 인해, 전통적인 단일구획모델로는 불포화대에서 오염물질의 이동현상을 적절하게 예측할 수 없다. 한편 물리적으로 동일한 불포화대를 여러 개의 구획으로 구분한 다중구획모델링 기법은 실제 불포화대에서의 오염물질 이동 지연효과를 적절하게 설명할 수 있으나, 지금까지 일반적인 해석해가 보고된 바 없으며 고려하는 구획의 개수가 증가할수록 모델링에 많은 시간이 소요되는 등의 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 이류가 지배적인 조건 하에서 불포화대의 오염물질 이동현상에 대한 다중구획모델을 수립하고 이를 해석적인 방법으로 계산할 수 있는 일반해를 유도한 후, 다중구획모델을 단일구획모델로 근사할 수 있는 수학적 제약조건을 도출하였다. 단순화된 근사방법론의 유효성은 가상적인 조건 하에서 간단한 수치해석적 방법을 통해 검증하였다. 물리적으로 동일한 특성을 갖는 불포화대를 단일 구획으로 가정할 경우, 불포화대로부터 포화대로 유입되는 오염물질의 전이율은 상수가 아닌 시간 종속적인 명목전이율로 표현할 수 있음을 증명하였다. 또한 명목전이율은 불포화대 구획간 전이율에 민감하며 오염층으로부터의 전이율에 대한 민감도는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서 개발된 단순화된 근사방법론은 많은 시간이 요구되는 다중구획 모델링을 통하지 않고 불포화대 오염물질 이동현상을 신속하고 합리적으로 예측하기 위한 목적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2011

This study aims to optimize an arrangement of ship compartments with knowledge-based systems. Though great attention has been shown to the optimization of hull forms in recent years, the study on arrangement design optimization has received relatively little attention. A ship is both an engineering system and a kind of assembly of many spaces. This means that, to design an arrangement of ship compartments, it is necessary to treat not only geometric data but also knowledge on topological relations between spaces and components of a ship. In this regard, we select a suitable knowledge representation scheme for describing ship compartments and their relations, and then develop a knowledge-based system using expert system shell. This new approach is applied to create design variations for optimization on an arrangement of a pressure hull of a submerged vehicle. Finally, we explicate how our approach improves the design process.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2018

Vertebrate organ development is accompanied by demarcation of tissue compartments, which grow coordinately with their neighbors. Hence, perturbing the coordinative growth of neighboring tissue compartments frequently results in organ malformation. The growth of tissue compartments is regulated by multiple intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway that limits the growth of various organs. In the optic neuroepithelial continuum, which is partitioned into the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ciliary margin (CM) during eye development, the Hippo signaling activity operates differentially, as it does in many tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies that have explored the relationship between the Hippo signaling pathway and growth of optic neuroepithelial compartments. We will focus particularly on the roles of a tumor suppressor, neurofibromin 2 (NF2), whose expression is not only dependent on compartment-specific transcription factors, but is also subject to regulation by a Hippo-Yap feedback signaling circuit.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2017

Multiloculated hydrocephalus (MLH) is a condition in which patients have multiple, separate abnormal cerebrospinal fluid collections with no communication between them. Despite technical advancements in pediatric neurosurgery, neurological outcomes are poor in these patients and the approach to this pathology remains problematic especially given individual anatomic complexity and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics. A uniform surgical strategy has not yet been developed. Current treatment options for MLH are microsurgical fenestration of separate compartments by open craniotomy or endoscopy, shunt surgery in which multiple catheters are placed in the compartments, and combinations of these modalities. Craniotomy for fenestration allows better visualization of the compartments and membranes, and it can offer easy fenestration or excision of membranes and wide communication of cystic compartments. Hemostasis is more easily achieved. However, because of profound loss of CSF during surgery, open craniotomy is associated with an increased chance of subdural hygroma and/or hematoma collection and shunt malfunction. Endoscopy has advantages such as minimal invasiveness, avoidance of brain retraction, less blood loss, faster operation time, and shorter hospital stay. Disadvantages are also similar to those of open craniotomy. Intraoperative bleeding can usually be easily managed by irrigation or coagulation. However, handling of significant intraoperative bleeding is not as easy. Currently, endoscopic fenestration tends to be performed more often as initial treatment and open craniotomy may be useful in patients requiring repeated endoscopic procedures.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2005

A ship may suffer sinkage and heel due to flood in a compartment caused by damage on a deck. The motion and waveloads of the heeled ship floating in waves have been analyzed by making use of a three dimensional potential theory taking account of the hydrodynamic pressure in the flooded compartments. The shear forces and bending moments due to radiation-diffraction waves have been calculated by the direct integration of the 3-d hydrodynamic pressure on the outer and inner hulls of floating barges. The motion responses and the relative flow rate across the mean free surface of the water in the flooded compartments are also presented.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2003

Airborne noise is one of the considerable environmental factors for navy ship personnel who should accomplish their tasks in restricted ship spaces against adverse health effect of noise. However, it is difficult to find studies on actual condition of airborne noise for navy ships. In this study, we measured airborne noise levels at 379 compartments of 33 Korean navy ships. Using the measured data, we presented mean values and their standard deviations of measured noise levels with factors of ship type, compartment category, and operation mode. Additionally, we evaluated the mean value and cumulative probability of airborne noise levels of compartments with those of the US navy ships. These results can be rationally used in making the proper airborne noise criteria of the navy ship for the future.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.547-550
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• 2006

An analysis method is developed for the prediction of venting in multiple compartments which are connected in series or parallel through multiple ports. The existing method by the authors is modified to remove the limitation in number of ports and compartments, and the more general polytropic relation or solution of the additional energy equation replaces the previous isentropic relation allowing the prediction of pressure rise in addition to pressure drop. The accuracy of the method is verified by comparison with the results by NASA Flap code for the problem of pressure drop in a payload in the Space Shuttle cargo bay. It is expected that this method will be a useful tool in prediction of the pressure variation in a payload or payload capsule without mentioning the payload fairing itself.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.519-524
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to develop an automated program for noise prediction in shipboard compartments, for this purpose of calculating noise levels accurately and quickly. The program calculates sound power level at HVAC components based on the empirical method suggested by NEBB and utilizing the manufacturer's test data. The program developed uses the GUI functions to help in efficient modeling and calculation. To verify the reliability of developed program, the predicted data was compared with the measured data in shipboard compartments. As a result, the average difference between predicted and measured data is ${\pm}3dB$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2024

The rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), poses a significant threat to the global rice production. Understanding how this disease impacts the plant's microbial communities is crucial for gaining insights into host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we investigated the changes in communities of bacterial and fungal endophytes inhabiting different compartments in healthy and diseased plants. We found that both alpha and beta diversities of endophytic communities do not change significantly by the pathogen infection. Rather, the type of plant compartment appeared to be the main driver of endophytic community structures. Although the overall structure seemed to be consistent between healthy and diseased plants, our analysis of differentially abundant taxa revealed the specific bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units that exhibited enrichment in the root and leaf compartments of infected plants. These findings suggest that endophyte communities are robust to the changes at the early stage of pathogen infection, and that some of endophytes enriched in infected plants might have roles in the defense against the pathogen.