• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

Purpose : Life-threatening illnesses represent a crisis for individual patients and their families. Little has been made to understand the priorities or perspectives in developing a care plan. This results in poor outcomes, and patients and families return home without being satisfied with the care provided. This study aimed to address nurses' and families' care priorities on patient and family-centered care principles and compare those priorities. Methods : A quantitative comparative descriptive research was conducted. The data were part of a study that was carried out to elicit and compare nurses' and families' perceptions of complying with patient and family-centered care (PFCC) principles in intensive care units (ICU) in Ghana. The respondents were ICU nurses (n=123) and family members of hospitalized patients in the ICU (n=111). The tool for the study was a "modernized version of a hospital self-assessment inventory on PFCC," and data analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results : Nurses and families differed significantly in their priorities of care based on the principles of PFCC. The means and p-values were significantly different for the definition, pattern of care and access to information/education, and the overall total scores of the patient and family-centered care principles (PFCCP) Conclusion : To render care that aligns with the care priority of families and patients in the ICU, nurses must plan care in consultation with their families.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2022

Malaria elimination and control require prompt and accurate diagnosis for treatment plan. Since microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are not sensitive particularly for diagnosing low parasitemia, highly sensitive diagnostic tools are required for accurate treatment. Molecular diagnosis of malaria is commonly carried out by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 18S rRNA gene, while this technique involves long turnaround time and multiple steps leading to false positive results. To overcome these drawbacks, we compared highly sensitive cytochrome oxidase gene-based single-step multiplex reaction with 18S rRNA nested PCR. Cytochrome oxidase (cox) genes of P. falciparum (cox-III) and P. vivax (cox-I) were compared with 18S rRNA gene nested PCR and microscopy. Cox gene multiplex PCR was found to be highly specific and sensitive, enhancing the detection limit of mixed infections. Cox gene multiplex PCR showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%. This approach can be used as an alternative diagnostic method as it offers higher diagnostic performance and is amenable to high throughput scaling up for a larger sample size at low cost.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Purpose: This research is aimed to explore factors affecting on Kazakhstan's pharmaceutical distribution industry, selection of various factors and assessment of the level of their influence. Based on the literature review it was defined that there is a great variety of scientific works relating to pharmaceutical distribution industry competitiveness and management improvement. Research design, data and methodology: There is very little research, which to determine the issues of pharmaceutical industry distribution in developing countries, in particular EAEU countries. The algorithm was chosen for research provision: statistical and comparative analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. The data of 1993-2020 obtained from the World Bank, Bureau of National Statistics, National Bank of Kazakhstan, which is expressed by 19 factors as macroeconomic indicators. Results: The chosen variables were selected non-randomly, these economic indicators had the most reliable, unique, and utmost for the whole research period complete information. Conclusions: There could be made adequate conclusions of the research, there is a strong positive relationship for six factors: population, GDP per capita, average annual US dollar exchange rate, the minimum pension, average assigned monthly pension, minimum wage. Pension and wage are the most significant factors affecting on the pharmaceutical distribution industry in Kazakhstan.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.387-399
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• 2022

To study the seismic damage of masonry structures and understand the characteristics of the multi-intensity region, according to the Dujiang weir urbanization of China Wenchuan earthquake, the deterioration of 3991 masonry structures was summarized and statistically analysed. First, the seismic damage of multistory masonry structures in this area was investigated. The primary seismic damage of components was as follows: Damage of walls, openings, joints of longitudinal and transverse walls, windows (lower) walls, and tie columns. Many masonry structures with seismic designs were basically intact. Second, according to the main factors of construction, seismic intensity code levels survey, and influence on the seismic capacity, a vulnerability matrix calculation model was proposed to establish a vulnerability prediction matrix, and a comparative analysis was made based on the empirical seismic damage investigation matrix. The vulnerability prediction matrix was established using the proposed vulnerability matrix calculation model. The fitting relationship between the vulnerability prediction matrix and the actual seismic damage investigation matrix was compared and analysed. The relationship curves of the mean damage index for macrointensity and ground motion parameters were drawn through calculation and analysis, respectively. The numerical analysis was performed based on actual ground motion observation records, and fitting models of PGA, PGV, and MSDI were proposed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1288-1294
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• 2022

Hydrogen as an environmentally friendly energy carrier has received special attention to solving uncertainty about the presence of renewable energy and its dependence on time and weather conditions. This material can be prepared from different sources and in various ways. In previous studies, fossil fuels have been used in hydrogen production, but due to several limitations, especially the limitation of the access to this material in the not-too-distant future and the great problem of greenhouse gas emissions during hydrogen production methods. New methods based on renewable and green energy sources as energy drivers of hydrogen production have been considered. In these methods, water or biomass materials are used as the raw material for hydrogen production. In this article, after a brief review of different hydrogen production methods concerning the required raw material, these methods are examined and ranked from different aspects of economic, social, environmental, and energy and exergy analysis sustainability. In the following, the current position of hydrogen production is discussed. Finally, according to the introduced methods, their advantages, and disadvantages, solar electrolysis as a method of hydrogen production on a small scale and hydrogen production by thermochemical method on a large scale are introduced as the preferred methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1804-1812
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• 2022

The aim of this paper is to assess the reliability and accuracy of the PSI standard method, used in many previous works, for the quantification of ND uncertainties in the SPERT-III RIA transient, by quantifying the discrepancy between the actual inserted reactivity and the original static reactivity worth and their associated uncertainties. The assessment has shown that the inherent S3K neutron source renormalization scheme, introduced before starting the transient, alters the original static reactivity worth of the transient CR and reduces the associated uncertainty due to the ND perturbation. In order to overcome these limitations, two additional methods have been developed based on CR adjustment. The comparative study performed between the three methods has showed clearly the high sensitivity of the obtained results to the selected approach and pointed out the importance of using the right procedure in order to simulate correctly the effect of ND uncertainties on the overall parameters in a RIA transient. This study has proven that the approach that allows matching the original static reactivity worth and starting the transient from criticality is the most reliable method since it conservatively preserves the effect of the ND uncertainties on the inserted reactivity during a RIA transient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

Vertebral left atrial size can be used as a radiographic tool to evaluate left atrial size in dogs. Vertebral left atrial size has been studied in dogs; however, few studies have been conducted on breed-specific differences in healthy dogs. To study the median vertebral left atrial size differences by breed and to investigate the association between age, sex, body condition score, thoracic depth-to-width ratio, and vertebral left atrial size. A total of 220 dogs of the following breeds: Maltese (n = 73), Beagle (n = 30), Poodle (n = 41), Shih-tzu (n = 44), and Mongrel (n = 32) were reviewed retrospectively. Sex, body weight, age, and body condition score of each dog were collected. Thoracic radiography was conducted for dorsoventral and right/left lateral views in all dogs to measure the vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and thoracic depth-to-width ratio. No significant differences in the median vertebral left atrial size were found among the breeds. There were no effects of sex, age, body condition score, and thoracic depth-to-width ratio on vertebral left atrial size. There was a significant positive correlation between the vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size. Breed, age, sex, and chest conformation did not correlate with vertebral left atrial size.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.233-233
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• 2023

효율적인 수자원 관리에 필수적인 요소 중 하나는 유역 유출의 정확한 예측이다. 동일한 유역이라 할지라도 과거 기후조건에 대해 매개변수나 모형구조가 최적화된 수문모형은 현재나 미래 기후에 대해 최적이라 할수 없으며, 이에 따라 유역 유출 해석의 불확실성 또한 증가하고 있다. 수문자료동화는 모형의 입력 자료에 따른 불확실성을 줄이고 예측정확도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 방법으로, 수문모형의 상태량이나 매개변수를 업데이트하여 모형 초기 조건의 가능성 높은 추정치를 생성하는 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 댐 상류 유역에 대해 집중형 수문모형과 순차자료동화 기법의 연계 패키지인 airGRdatassim 모형을 적용하여, 앙상블 칼만 필터와 파티클 필터 기법의 수문자료동화 특성을 비교 분석하고, 자료동화와 관련된 하이퍼-매개변수의 불확실성이 수문모의 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 자료동화 적용 결과, 두 자료동화 기법 중 파티클 필터에 의한 모의성능이 높았으며 기상강제력 노이즈의 범위, 갱신 대상 상태량 설정, 앙상블 설정 등 수문자료동화의 설정과 관련된 하이퍼 매개변수의 불확실성은 두 기법별 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 일단위에서 시단위로 확장한 유량 예측 자료동화의 시험 모의결과 및 앙상블 수문동화기법의 도전과제에 대해서도 논의한다.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2001

This study was administered to analyze important needs for the health education among Chinese, Korean-Chinese adolescents in Gilin, China and Korean adolescents in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from 400 chinese and 200 Korean-Chinese boys and girls of 3 high schools in Gilin, China and 396 boys and girls of 3 high schools in Seoul, Korea. The results were as follow: 1. The prevalence of smoking and drinking in Korean students was quite high among three groups. More than one third of Korean students had behaviors of smoking and drinking. Forty two point five percent of Korean students were sick during the past 4 weeks, but only 10.8% of Korean-Chinese students and 11.5% of Chinese students were sick during the past 4 weeks. More than 70% of Chinese and Korean-Chinese students had health concern, but only 22.7% of Korean students were interested in health status and education. 2. Korean-Chinese and Chinese students had higher health education needs than the Korean students. They were not interested in sex education. On the other hand, Korean students were interested in mental health and health habits. 3. Korean-Chinese students had more health education needs than Chinese or Korean adolescents and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 4. For the Chinese and Korean-Chinese students, the higher prevalence of drinking behavior, the higher needs of health education, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 5. The Chinese students tended to need health education after their illness experience, but the Korean students, the higher the self- rating health status, the higher health education need scores were(p<0.05).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2023

Recently, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) announced the development of first-of-a-kind(FOAK) and most advanced futuristic vertical city and named as 'The LINE'. The project will have zero carbon dioxide emissions and will be powered by clean energy sources. Therefore, a study was designed to understand which clean energy sources might be a better choice. Because of its nearly carbon-free footprint, nuclear energy may be a good choice. Nowadays, the development of very small modular reactors (vSMRs) is gaining attention due to many salient features such as cost efficiency and zero carbon emissions. These reactors are one step down to actual small modular reactors (SMRs) in terms of power and size. SMRs typically have a power range of 20 MWe to 300 MWe, while vSMRs have a power range of 1-20 MWe. Therefore, a study was conducted to discuss different vSMRs in terms of design, technology types, safety features, capabilities, potential, and economics. After conducting the comparative test and analysis, the fuel cycle modeling of optimal and suitable reactor was calculated. Furthermore, the levelized unit cost of electricity for each reactor was compared to determine the most suitable vSMR, which is then compared other generation SMRs to evaluate the cost variations per MWe in terms of size and operation. The main objective of the research was to identify the most cost effective and simple vSMR that can be easily installed and deployed.