• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.381-389
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• 2016

In this study, we developed evaluation indicators of dam rehabilitation considering climate change in order to prepare for safety of aging dam facilities in accordance with changes in rainfall intensity. The validity and appropriateness of each indicator, and the evaluation criteria were selected for quantitative indicators for each detail through domestic and international case studies, literature review, and expert advice. The survey was carried out to estimate the importance of each indicator for dam rehabilitation. The subjective assessment of the respondents was rearranged using pairwise comparison from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The reliability of the survey results was evaluated through consistent verification. In addition, a comparative assessment was carried out which evaluated the reliability importance estimation result to refine the criteria to distinguish rating scales between expert and non-expert groups on dam-related fields.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.151-160
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• 2020

Various smart city projects have been actively promoted as important policies of governments in various countries. The key to the success of smart cities led by governments is to develop sustainable governance through the expansion and proliferation of outcomes. This study comparatively analyzed the smart city policies of the USA and Europe from viewpoints of outcome expansion and proposed policy directions for smart cities in Korea. The comparison items were case cities, the expansion of smart city technologies and services, the measurement of outcomes, the accumulation of knowledge and information, and standardization. This study found that the items of each index were linked for the purpose of assessment, expansion, and the creation of successful cases in the USA and Europe. Based on our analysis, four policy directions were proposed that included the early provision of follow-up measures for case cities, the development of a project performance assessment system, the provision of an integrated knowledge accumulation system, and an earnest promotion of industry activation policies.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2020

Objectives: Preoperative nervousness and anxiety are frequently encountered by individuals who undergo extractions of impacted wisdom teeth. The aim of the present study is to evaluate salivary alpha amylase (sAA) level in patients for assessment of stress during third molar surgery while listening to piano music and to determine its co-relation with pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). Materials and Methods: Seven patients (four males and three females) indicated for surgical extraction of bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars were included. Pre-surgical patient assessments were completed, and three samples of saliva were collected during surgery-one at baseline, one 30 minutes after commencement of surgery, and one after suturing. Assessment was performed on both sides separately with and without piano music, and the samples were assessed for sAA level and correlated with the patient's self-reported PCS. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained in patients who underwent surgical extraction while listening to piano music (P=0.046). The correlation of sAA level with PCS was not significant. Conclusion: Music demonstrated a beneficial effect on lowering the levels of stress and anxiety that a patient exhibits during any surgical procedure, and sAA can be a useful biomarker for similar assessments.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.176-184
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of home modification in the community care project on the fall risk environment and the health condition in elderly people aged 65 and over. HOME FAST and WHODAS-K 2.0 were used to evaluate, and it was conducted as a group pre-post experimental study. As a result of implementing the home modification service based on the assessment, the fall risk level showed a statistically significant decrease (p<.01), and in the case of health condition, mobility (p<.01) and social participation (p<.05) was confirmed that it was statistically significantly improved in the domain, showing a positive change in the overall health condition (p<.05). In the future, research using a comprehensive home assessment is needed for more subjects. and a process of selecting subjects prior, expansion of professional manpower infrastructure to providing a quality service is required.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.467-473
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of health assessment classes applied with flip learning on self-directed learning ability, critical thinking disposition, and academic self-efficacy of nursing students. This is a comparative study before and after a single group, targeting sophomore students taking a health assessment by applying flip learning at a nursing college in K city, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The final analysis consisted of 104 subjects, and the pre-post difference was analyzed by a paired sample test. As a result, self-directed learning ability (t=-3.23, p<.01), critical thinking disposition (t=6.381, p<.001), and academic self-efficacy (t=-4.62, p<.001) were all statistically significantly increased. Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that the flip-learning method is an effective program to enhance the self-directed learning ability, critical thinking ability, and academic self-efficacy of nursing students. In the long run, the application of the flipped learning learner will play a role in improving the educational environment and strengthening the abilities of students.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

Soil quality standards (SQS) are necessary to protect the human health and soil biota from the exposure to soil pollutants. The current SQS in Korea contain only sixteen substances, and it is scheduled to expand the number of substances. Chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) system is very effective to screen the priority chemicals for the future SQS in terms of their toxicity and exposure potential. In this study, several CRS systems were extensively compared to propose the assessment factors that required for the screening of soil pollutants The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), CRSKorea, and other systems. The additional assessment factors of CRS suitable for soil pollutants were suggested. We suggest soil adsorption factor as an appropriate factor of CRS system to consider chemical transport from soil to groundwater. Other factors such as soil emission rate and cases of accident of soil pollutants were included. These results were reflected to screen the priority chemicals in Korea, as a part of the project entitled ‘Setting the Priority of Soil Contaminants'.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 2006

Impacts of global warming have been identified in many areas including natural ecosystem. A good number of studies based on climate models forecasting future climate have been conducted in many countries worldwide. Due to its global coverage, GCM, which is a most frequently used climate model, has limits to apply to Korea with such a narrower and complicated terrain. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study impact assessment of climate changes with a climate model fully reflecting characteristics of Korean climate. In this respect, this study was designed to compare and analyze the GCM and RCM in order to determine a suitable climate model for Korea. In this study, spatial scope was Korea for 10 years from 1981 to 1990. As a research method, current climate was estimated on the basis of the data obtained from observation at the GHCN. Future climate was forecast using 4 GCMs furnished by the IPCC among SRES A2 Scenario as well as the RCM received from the NIES of Japan. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for the purpose of comparing data obtained from observation with GCM and RCM. As a result of this study, average annual temperature of Korea between 1981 and 1990 was found to be around $12.03^{\circ}C$, with average daily rainfall being 2.72mm. Under the GCM, average annual temperature was between 10.22 and $16.86^{\circ}C$, with average daily rainfall between 2.13 and 3.35mm. Average annual temperature in the RCM was identified $12.56^{\circ}C$, with average daily rainfall of 5.01mm. In the comparison of the data obtained from observation with GCM and RCM, RCMs of both temperature and rainfall were found to well reflect characteristics of Korea's climate. This study is important mainly in that as a preliminary study to examine impact of climate changes such as global warming it chose appropriate climate model for our country. These results of the study showed that future climate produced under similar conditions with actual ones may be applied for various areas in many ways.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.439-464
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• 2016

The technical regulation and conformity assessment procedure of our country on ICT equipments is currently required to have more innovation due to the request of main trade countries, the second phase conclusion of MRA, necessity of expansion of conformity assessment service market and demand of manufacturers. The world's leading advanced countries have already proceeded with innovation based on privatization plan. According to the comparative analysis of the level, it turned out that Japan obtained the highest level of privatization while South Korea ranked the lowest level. According to the research result of examination and certification ability of private institutions of our country, it turned out that our country is expected to have possibility of achieving higher level of privatization than that of the present. Moreover, according to the questionnaire survey conducted to the persons concerned regarding privatization direction, they gave positive response to all the indicated survey contents of privatization direction in terms of "delegation of certification services to private sectors (contracting-out)", "transformation of EMC into private voluntary standard" and "changeover of conformity assessment agent". However, from the view of acceptance and conflict model, it is estimated that starting from "delegation of certification services to private sectors (contracting-out)" seems to be the most advisable plan. Also, prior to privatization, it is required to improve relevant systems such as certification examiner system.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

Although it is uncertain that the cause of changed pattern of the natural disaster related to water (i.e. flood and drought) is due to excessive carbon dioxide yielded from economic activity or the increased number of sunspots, it is apparent that there have been unusual climate change that directly affects the water resource management. Due to such a frequent unusual weather activities, there have been increased natural disaster and the most direct and major reason is considered as climate change. As we see, the climate change necessarily causes social costs. Especially, the effects on the water resource due to flood and drought take the considerable part of such costs. Therefore, this study is basic work to develop a new economic analysis technique to be used in pursuing appropriate adaptation project in field of the amount of cost damage through analysis of the effects of the climate change on the water resource. The models appeared in many reports for cost assessment of climate change were various (e.g., PAGE, DICE, AIM, IMAGE, MERGE, and etc.) and this report summarizes general characteristics of each model. To assess the effects of climate change of the water management, we defined the field of the water management on climate change. The results help post-study in field of the climate change's social-economic effect assessment, can be employed for the prioritizing process of the national fund's investment.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_3
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• pp.1951-1963
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• 2021

Remote sensing data using earth observation satellites in agricultural environment monitoring has many advantages over other methods in terms of time, space, and efficiency. Since the sensor mounted on the satellite measures the energy that sunlight is reflected back to the ground, noise is generated in the process of being scattered, absorbed, and reflected by the Earth's atmosphere. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the energy reflected on the ground (radiance), atmospheric correction, which must remove noise caused by the effect of the atmosphere, should be preceded. In this study, atmospheric correction sensitivity analysis, inter-satellite cross-analysis, and comparative analysis with ground observation data were performed to evaluate the application of KOMPSAT-3 satellite's atmospheric correction for agricultural application. As a result, in all cases, the surface reflectance after atmospheric correction showed a higher mutual agreement than the TOA reflectance before atmospheric correction, and it is possible to produce the time series vegetation index of the same standard. However, additional research is needed for quantitative analysis of the sensitivity of atmospheric input parameters and the tilt angle.