• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.177-185
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• 2018

The school space is a place for learning activities and community activities, and it is used as a shelter for various disasters. Recently, the frequency and magnitude of damages of school facilities due to various disasters are increasing, and similar accidents occur repeatedly every year, causing enormous damage to school classes. Furthermore, damage to school facilities will require considerable time and safety confirmation measures to restore disaster and normalize the class. In this regards, based on the questionnaire survey on the difficulties and improvement measures of the disaster recovery work of the school safety manager, we propose the application of in-kind compensation for damage to school facilities to ensure rapid disaster recovery, simplification of administrative procedures, and quality of restoration work.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1991

The early vegetational recovery and species diversity were investigaed in burned pine forest of Mt. Todoksn from 1986 to 1990. The changes of vegetation in the burned site occurred Miscanthus→Miscanthus-Lespedeza→Lespedeza community. The biological spectra based on SD(%) and SP(%) of the burned site were similar to the unburned site with H---e type. The degree of succession(DS) was gradually increased with succession in burned site. The species diversity index(H') and evenness index(e) were declining successional trend, nut dominance index(C) inclining successional trend in the burned site. The domiance-diversity curves of the burned site showed gradual decrease in diversity and evenness, and then slopes of them were progressively steep in early successional stage.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.117-149
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• 2021

Over seven years, BTS have organically embedded consistent mental health messaging and modelling of various mental health modalities, representing innovation within mental health discourse, within and outside the pop and K-pop culture and fandom. Their personal and artistic journeys have resulted in songs, imagery, and relationship dynamics within the group and within and between their fans ARMY, that organically model behaviours associated with mental health therapeutic modalities and normalize the discussion of mental health and well-being. This practice is vitally important in the effort to end stigma and encourage mental health well-being and recovery. BTS's authenticity establishes empathy with their audience ARMY and increases their ability to deliver these messages effectively. This includes fostering the creation of a peer support community within the group that extends to their fanbase ARMY, and from which fan-created mental health programs have emerged. BTS's innovation will be explored by examining content creation throughout their career, illustrating their consistent and organic messaging, culminating in overt and conscious mental health content in their latest album BE, which was released three weeks after the initial paper was presented, and provides proof of concept.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.576-587
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• 2012

As being actual physiognomical vegetation on Daegwang sand dune in Imjado, the widest area is occupied by Pinus thunbergii community planted as windbreak forest whereas those communities such as Robinia pseudoacacia community, Elymus mollis community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii - Elymus mollis community, Carex kobomugi community, Ischaemum antephoroides community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Phragmites communis community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii - Calamagrostis epigeios community occupy as band shape or patch. According to the result of the data collected and analyzed based on phytosociological method regarding 74 plots of survey area, the species composition of Daegwang sand dune vegetation is classified total 10 vegetation units comprises 7 communities and 5 groups. The 7 communities are classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Rosa rugosa var. rugosa community, Ischaemum antephoroides community, Carex kobomugi community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, and the sub-units of Pinus thunbergii communities are classified into 3 groups of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum group, Elymus mollis group, Pinus thunbergii topical group and the sub-units of Calamagrostis epigeios communities are classified into 2 groups of Phragmites communis group, Calamagrostis epigeios tipical group. The zonation of vegetation from coastal line indicated with the order of Elymus mollis - Carex kobomugi, Carex pumila, Lathyrus japonicus - Calystegia soldanella - Vitex rotundifolia, Lathyrus japonicus, Ischaemum antephoroides - Rosa rugosa var. rugosa. According to the analysis result of longitudinal section, it was found to be those types with wide width herbaceous vegetation of foredune, smooth slope of foredune, lots of dune ridges with no structure were less vulnerable to erosion of sand dune and advantageous to its recovery.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2013

Analysis of the fish community in the Lagoon Cheongcho, Korea, was investigated in 2008 and in 2012. A total 48 species, belonging to 26 falmilies, were sampled during the period. The dominant species was Tribolodon hakonensis (75.2%), and subdominant species were Acanthogobius flavimanus (5.4%), Pungitius kaibarae (3.1%). The results of the fish ecotypes according to origin of water body was compared by surveyed year, freshwater fish was reduced, whereas those of brackish water and seawater fishes were increased. Moreover, the result of similarity analysis based on species and individuals in five lagoons were divided into 2 major groups based on their similarity, and Lagoon Cheongcho was included group 'A' with Lagoon Gyeongpo, as having a montinous inflow of seawater. Hence, according to the characterization according to the analysis of fish community, Lagoon Cheongcho has lost the characteristics of a lagoon, and oceanization is considerably progressed. Therefore, we are considering the provision of a management strategy for hydrarch succession, as well as continuous research, in order to manage the recovery of essential characteristics of the lagoon ecosystem. Hence, according to the characterization according to the analysis of fish community, Lagoon Cheongcho has lost the characteristics of a lagoon, and oceanization is considerably progressed. Therefore, we are considering the provision of a management strategy for hydrarch succession, as well as continuous research, in order to manage the recovery of essential characteristics of the lagoon ecosystem.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2007

Effect of nitrogen-load condition on hydrogen ($H_2$) production and bacterial community in a continuous anaerobic hydrogen fermentation were investigated. The slight $H_2$ production on extremely low nitrogen-load condition (C/N ratio: 180) at the start-up period. The highest $H_2$ production was obtained when the C/N ratio was 36, the $H_2$ production yield ($mol-H_2/mol-glucose$) reached to 1.7, and it was indicated that Clostridium pasteurianum mainly contributed to the $H_2$ production. The $H_2$ production was decreased on both the lower (C/N: 72) and higher (C/N: 18) nitrogen-load conditions. The excess nitrogen-load was not always suitable for the hydrogen production. The fluctuation of $H_2$ production seemed to be caused by a change in the bacterial community according to the nitrogen-load condition, while a recovery of $H_2$ productivity was possible by a control of nitrogen-load condition through the bacterial community change. When the nitrogen-load condition was not suitable for hydrogen production, the lactic acid concentration was increased and also lactic acid bacteria were definitely detected, which suggested that the competition between hydrogen fermentator and lactic acid producer was occurred. These results demonstrated that the nitrogen-load condition affect on the $H_2$ productivity through the change of bacterial community in anaerobic hydrogen fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.5_2
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• pp.873-881
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• 2019

There are limitations to the manager's investigation of all damage sites and establishment of management plan in terms of manpower and cost. Community mapping can be used to overcome these problems with the information. However, it is difficult to make decisions when multiple information are registered in multiple areas of damage. Because community mapping information are registered only with pictures and simple contents, it is so difficult for the manager to clearly understand the site situation. This study suggests a methodology to support decision-making processes during disaster management through system integration between the community mapping and the drone mapping. By applying the proposed method, decision makers can make a timely judgment effectively on the damage situation. It is expected that the proposed method will save time, manpower, and cost in the recovery phase.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2012

This study reports a surfactant-enhanced in-situ remediation treatment at a test site which is located in a hilly terrain. The leakage oils from a storage tank situated on the top of the hill contaminated soils and groundwater in the lower elevation. Sixteen vertical injection wells (11 m deep) were installed at the top of the hill to introduce 0.1-0.5 vol.% of non-ionic Tween-80 surfactant. The contaminated area that required remediation treatment was about $1,650\;m^2$. Two cycles of injecting surfactant solution followed by water were repeated over approximately 7.5 months: first cycle with 0.5 month of surfactant injection followed by 3 months of water injection, and second cycle with 1 month of surfactant followed by 3 months of water injection. The seasonal fluctuation in groundwater table was also considered in the selection of periods for surfactant and water injection. The results showed that the initial Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 1,041 mg/kg (maximum 3,605 mg/kg) was reduced significantly down to 76.6 mg/kg in average. After 2nd surfactant injection process finished, average TPH concentration of soils was reduced to 7.5% compared to initial concentration. Also, average BTEX concentration of soils was reduced to 10.8%. This resultes show that the surfactant enhanced in-situ remediation processes can be applicable to LNAPL contaminated site in field scale.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.555-565
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop the contents of disaster nursing education in community health nursing at universities. Methods: To validate contents, the Delphi method was used. We categorized two domains(indirect disaster management and direct disaster management) and developed 48 draft items. This study applied two round surveys and 23 experts participated in this study. The content validity was calculated using content validity ratio and coefficient of variation. Results: Indirect disaster management domain was composed of three categories including 12 items: 1) Understanding of the disaster, 2) disaster management system, and 3) response by disaster stage and recovery. Direct disaster management domain was composed of nine categories including 30 items: 1) Ethical considerations, 2) communication in disasters, 3) nursing activity by disaster stage, 4) emergency nursing in disasters, 5) patient severity classification in disasters, 6) disaster nursing for vulnerable groups, 7) disaster nursing for victims, 8) psychosocial nursing and health in disasters, and 9) cases of disaster nursing in communities. Conclusion: This Delphi study identified the contents of disaster nursing education curriculum, and confirmed the validity for disaster education program in community health nursing. Based on the results, it will be helpful for training the disaster nursing and improving the competency on disaster nursing of the nursing students.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 1990

Different species with similar niches can coexist in the same community if disturbances prevent compeptitive exclusion of competitively inferior species. Disturbances which open up gaps are common in all kind of community. Even in virgin forests without any artificial disturbance, there exist a significant proportion of trees of early successional shade-in-tolerant species in addition to the dominant late successional shade-tolerant species. In forest ecosystems, most canopy tree species including shade-tolerant ones require one or more gaps in their life-time to reach the canopy. Because of these frequent disturbances, forests can be considered of dynamic mosaics of patches of different ages and with different species composition which are in certain stages of recovery from disturbances. Disturbances temporarily increase the availability of resources such as light, water and soil nutrient for other in dividuals through the death of one or more canopy trees.