• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2005

This study examine the annoyance of transportation noise exposure and found the survey method about which noise induces more disturbance or annoyance when more than two kinds of noise exist. This study describes the noise annoyance survey performed in the vicinity of Sin-wol interchange. This residential area was exposed to aircraft noise and traffic noise simultaneously and aircraft noise exposure of this area is about 81 WECPNL, traffic noise exposure is about 81.2 dB(A) nearby road. Noise sources are grouped into three part, traffic noise, aircraft noise and community noise. The questionnaire includes how often, how loud each noise is heard. Also this deals with comparative annoyance reaction from specific noise sources such as aircraft or traffic and its disturbance of daily activities. Facade noise mapping are executed by using a commercial noise mapping software.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

We investigated the structure of bacterial communities present in livestock manure-based composting processes and evaluated the bacterial succession during the composting processes. Compost samples were derived separately from swine manure, dairy manure and sewage sludge. The structure of the bacterial community was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) using universal eubacterial primers. The genus Bacillus and related genera were mainly detected following the thermophilic composting phase of swine and dairy manure composts, and the members of the phylum Bacteroidetes were mainly detected in the cattle manure waste-based and sewage sludge compost. We recovered and sequenced limited number of the bands; however, the PCR-DGGE analysis showed that predominant diversities during the composting processes were markedly changed. Although PCR-DGGE analysis revealed the presence of different phyla in the early stages of composting, the members of the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were observed to be one of the predominant phyla after the thermophilic phase.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.148-156
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• 1989

This investigation was performed in eutrophic lake within the framework of a series of studies to evaluate the significance of gram reaction for both bacterioplankton and attached bacteria in the dynamics of organic materials at various aquatic ecosystems. In Lake Kasumigaura as a representative of the highly eutrophic freshwater environments, the gram-stain characteristics of the bacterial community changed with the influx of pulses of phytoplankton, as those in the meso trophic environments. The predominency of the gram-negative forms in the bacterial community was about 57% for bacterioplankton and about 53% for attached bacteria. The statistical analysis of the difference of these two distributions showed that these communites were different. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria attached to particles were shown to effect the formation and degradation of particulate organic matter. Gram-negative bacteria plankton participate exclusively in the dynamics of dissolved organic matter.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the cognitive function in the elderly and to identify the influencing factors. Methods: The design of this study was descriptive research design. A total of 139 elderly people (aged 65 years and over) visiting the electroencephalogram (EEG) center in Seoul, Korea were evaluated. Data were assessed by self-administered questionnaires and CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS). Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 for Windows. Results: There were significant differences in the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), executive functions and reasoning according to education level. K-MMSE, visual memory and executive functions were different depending on the jobs. Age was highly correlated with cognitive function. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the factor significantly associated with reaction time and visual memory was depression. Depression and Trait-Anxiety had significant impacts on executive functions and K-MMSE. Conclusion: CNSVS enabled the accurate and objective measurement of cognitive function. Therefore, this study provides useful data to improve cognitive function of the community-dwelling elderly. The results suggested that there is need for comprehensive interventional programs that manage cognitive impairment.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

Purpose: Planning space of the house is important as a universal place to relieve stress of contemporary people. Void space is easy to perform mental and cultural programs in aspect of affording the healing behavior. The "Interface" accommodates healing behaviors through mutual interchange between void space and solid space as the edge of the solid space around void space. This study presents a efficient theory of healing space through combining space theory with the Kitwood's theory of psychiatry used for the art therapy. Methods: Spatial elements based on Kitwood's theory converges towards 2 behavioral elements; Meditation(-), Sense of Community(+). Balancing with reciprocal complement between behaviors of passive and stable "Meditation(-)" and active and released "Sense of Community(+)" was analysed. Results: "Faciliation" can be used in combination with "Flow(+)" as active factor. "Validation" is combined with "Prospect(+,-)", and divides into 2 factor ; "Recognition-Refreshment(-)", "Reaction-Social Exchange(+)". "Holding" is combined with "Refuge(-)" as passive factor. Implications: This study established concept of spatial healing elements in connection with theory of Psychiatry about Alzheimer that is extreme situation of stress. This study is expected to enhance the validity and efficiency in analysis of healing space.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2022

Purpose: To investigate associations of perceived stress level, serum cortisol level, and telomere length of community-dwelling adults in Korea. Methods: Data of a total of 135 community-dwelling adults aged over 40 years living in D metropolitan city from December 2020 to March 2021 were collected. Perceived stress level over the past month were measured using the Perceived Stress Score. Serum cortisol level was analyzed using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Telomere length was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The statistical package SPSS 23.0 was used to perform Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Results: There was no association between perceived stress and serum cortisol level (r = .07, p= .402). Serum cortisol level was not significantly associated with telomere length either (r = -.15, p= .081). However, the higher the perceived stress level, the shorter the telomere length (r= -.29, p= .001). Conclusion: These results suggest that perceived stress might induce physiological stress, which might partially affect gene biology. Further longitudinal research is needed to investigate the effect of perceived stress on telomere length. Intervention for relieving stress should be included in stabilizing the genetic environment of adults.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sling exercise on fall risk score, ankle dorsiflexion and balance in community-dwelling elderly women. Method: A 6-week prospective study was conducted to examine the effects of sling exercise. Participants were required to attend their assigned exercise classes three times a week for 6 weeks. Result: After the 6 week study period, PPA fall-risk scores were reduced by 0.90 for the exercise group, which was a significant change (p<.001). Dorsiflexion strength increased significantly (p<.01) by 1.56 kg after the sling exercise. There was a 2.0 cm-increase (p<.05) in FRT and 0.38 second-improvement (p<.01) in TUGT. A 7.88 second-increase in One-leg standing with Eyes Open and a 3.12 second-increase in One-leg standing with Eyes Closed were reported during the 6-week intervention period. Conclusion: The 6-week sling exercise reduced falls risk score significantly (p<=.001) in community-dwelling elderly women by improving fall risk related factors such as reaction time, balance and strength.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.352-365
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• 2010

Most of studies concerned with on-line Brand community show that it makes users to increase their brand loyalty and brand attachment. But it wouldn't be explained that on-line brand community could be the field of consumer's public complaining in service failure. So, this study tried to focus the dimensions of negative emotions and customer characteristics that may cause relationship dissolutions in on-line brand community. The findings of the present study following as, high relationship quality of on-line brand community user directly effects negative emotions, especially, disappointment and betrayal. second, disappointment and betrayal influences the desire of revenge. Third, customer's negative reactions (for example, negative replies about the brand or public complaining in community) are mediated by customer's desire of revenge. The analysis was held with brand community customers who has been experienced service recently by using SPSS14K and Smart PLS 2.0. The study verified the structural equation model hypothesizing the between emotional factors and negative reactions. In conclusion, this article provides implications into understanding of customer's negative emotions and user's characteristics that cause negative reactions in on-line brand community. thus, this may allow marketers to have managerial insights on handling of on-line brand community independently operated by consumers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1990

Attempts were made to define the characteristics of microbial community as an indicator of Kimchi fermentation. Determination of communities was carried out by simple Gram-stain, followed by direct microcopic counts. In room-temperature $(15^{\circ}C)$ fermentation, microbial succession was occurred in the order of communities of Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and Gram-negative bacteria. It was characteristic that Gram-positive bacterial community was developed during the production of lactic acid, yeasts community was developed to cause rancidity, and Gram-negative bacterial community was relevant to maceration (or softening) as well as rancidity. The fluctuation of apparent Gram-negative reaction group might be used as a criterion of death or aging of Gram-positive bacterial populations. In low-temperature fermentation $(5^{\circ}C)$, however, it was found that yeasts and Gram-negative bacterial communities did not developed but only Gram-positive bacterial community did. It follows from these results mentioned above that maturity of Kimchi depends on the development of Cram-positive bacterial community. Thus, the size and occurrence of microbial community are avaiable for an indicator of Kimchi fermentation, and also determination of community could be a useful method to predict the maturity.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-140
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• 2005

Recently, one of the issues that are significantly considered is to keep Changwon F3 car racing. In most existing studies, however, there is shortage of opinions for understanding the reactions of the host community. The question addressed in this paper is what are the underlying factors that affect which inhibitors are likely to be discussed by the host community for car racing. Survey collected from 299 participants in Changwon city were analyzed to test their reactions. Through the empirical study, several research findings emerged. The results indicate that (1) the event seeker, the drive seeker, and the hard internal seeker were significant discriminant factors to separate inhibitors from the host community, (2) the significant differences between the recognition of demographic characteristics and that of negative effects, (3) the significant level between cluster groups(overcontrolled, resilient, undercontrolled) and negative effects is found. The findings also provide implications for practice on several fronts, which is to understand the reaction of the host community to F3 car racing, and for the event planner to reduce complaints.