• 아동학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2005

Korean infants' use of gesture was examined with 45 10-to 17-month olds. The mothers of infants were asked to check each word in the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory-Korean (MCDI-K) vocabulary checklist if their infant had a gesture for a given word and to indicate what kind of early communicative behavior she showed in 5 different situations. The results show that infants in this study have 11 gestures, of which many are learned within the context of routines or games. Referential gestures were rarely reported. There was no positive correlation between the number of gestures and the number of expressive words. However, more qualitative measures on early communicative behaviors show that there was a positive correlation between "frequent use of gestures" and "try to communicate by verbal means".

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.217-234
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• 2006

This study examined variability of gestures and their correlation with vocabulary acquisition in the communication of infants. Subjects were 96 infants, 7 to 24 months of age, residing in Seoul and its vicinity. Instruments were the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (Iverson, et al., 1999) and the MacAuther Communicative Development Inventory-Korean (Bae and Lim, 2002). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation. Results identified monthly changes in types of communicative gesture used by infants: more deictic at younger and more representational at older ages. Deictic gestures were related to size of the receptive vocabulary and size of the whole vocabulary. Representational gestures were related to acquisition of expressive vocabulary, size of the receptive, and size of the whole vocabulary.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among infants' nonverbal communication, maternal verbal behaviors and the infants' acquisition of vocabulary. The subjects were 93 pairs of 10 to 18 months old infants and their mothers residing in the Seoul and GyeongGi-Do area. The results were as follows : (1) In terms of the infants' nonverbal communicative means, it appeared that the group of 16~18 month olds utilized more gesture and vocalization. As regards the infants' nonverbal communicative functions in terms of social behavior and joint attention, the group of 16~18 month olds was found to perform more of the behaviors from this category than the other groups. There was a significant difference in the maternal verbal behavior among the different age groups. (2) Among the infants' nonverbal communicative means, gesture and vocalization, there appeared to be a significant relationship between vocalization and the infants' acquisition of vocabulary. In addition, there was an important relationship between the high usage of infants' nonverbal communicative functions with behavior regulation and the high usage of joint attention and the successful acquisition of vocabulary among infants. (3) Social play, which is a maternal verbal behavior categorized as one of the strategies for getting infants' attention, was significantly related to the acquisition of infants' vocabulary. (4) When mothers used more imitating sounds and mimetic words, requests for information, descriptions, conventional social expressions, and imitation to enhance responsiveness, infants were found to have acquired a larger vocabulary.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.121-143
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 영아교사 애착 및 영아의 몸짓과 영아의 언어발달 간의 관계를 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 전북 J시 가정어린이집과 영아전담어린이집에 63곳에 재원 중인 18~24개월 영아와 그 담임교사 84명이다. 연구결과 첫째, 영아교사 애착은 영아의 언어발달과 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 영아교사 애착 유형별로는 긍정적정서, 접촉추구, 자기희생적온정, 근접추구, 결속, 기대감 모두 수용언어, 표현언어와 정적 상관관계가, 보호는 수용언어와 정적 상관관계가 냉담만 수용언어와 부적 상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 영아 몸짓의 하위요인 중 지시적몸짓은 수용언어와 부적 상관관계가, 관습적몸짓과 표상적몸짓은 표현언어와 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 영아교사의 애착과 영아 몸짓이 영아 언어발달에 미치는 영향력을 알아본 결과, 전체언어에 대해서는 영아교사 애착의 접촉추구가 가장 큰 영향력이 있었다. 영아 언어 유형별로는 수용언어는 영아교사 애착의 접촉추구가, 표현언어는 영아교사 애착의 결속이 가장 큰 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타나, 영아 언어발달에는 영아의 몸짓보다 영아교사의 애착이 더 큰 영향력이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 영아교사와 영아의 애착관계의 중요성을 통해 영아의 언어능력 증진을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.540-546
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• 2008

미래에는 로봇이 사람의 감정 상태를 이해하거나 적절하게 자신의 행동을 표현하는 기능은 중요해 질 것이다. 사람간의 교류에서 메세지의 93%가 행동 표현에 있으며, 바디 랭귀지는 감정의 양을 표현하므로 행동 표현은 중요한 감정 표현 수단이다. 최근의 로봇들은 얼굴, 제스처, LED, 소리 등의 복합적 방법을 이용하여 사람과 교류하고 있지만 포즈는 위치와 방위, 얼굴이나 제스처는 속도, 말이나 색 풍은 시간에 대한 정보가 필요하기 때문에 하나의 모델로 통합하거나 동기화 시키기 어렵다. 한편 작은 세기의 감정에서, 얼굴은 쉽게 표현이 가능하지만 제스처는 표현이 힘들다. 또한 기존의 감정 경계는 같은 형태와 크기를 가지거나, HHI 분야에 국한되어 연구되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 정서 공간에서 감정의 경계를 어떻게 정의할 것이며, 복합적 표현 방법을 시스템적으로 어떻게 동기화할 수 있을지를 제안한다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제16호
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• pp.41-69
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• 2013

The inauguration of the collective Reality and Utterance (Hy$\breve{o}$nsil kwa Par$\breve{o}$n) in 1979 and 1980 marked a watershed moment in Korean art. This is not only because the collective gave birth to the politically-engaged art movement that would come to be labeled "Minjung Art" by the middle of the 80s, but also because it enthusiastically embraced a wide range of images from the urban culture. With a special focus on the members' early work, my research explores an issue largely neglected in the dominant narrative of Minjung art as a form of activism against the authoritarian Korean government during the 80s. The issue is what was at stake in Reality and Utterance's exploration of contemporary urban visual culture. The aim of this essay is to recognize the engagement with the urban visual culture as central to the group's early project and to consider it at some distance from the anti-urban and anti-mass culture perspective which was endorsed by the Minjung narrative. Focusing on members' turn to urban visual culture, this essay instead argues that this turn was by no means merely a means to making art as social critique, but more importantly, it was an experiment with the shared image world, as opposed to the rarefied visual vocabularies of abstract modernism. Visual productions such as advertisements, billboards, posters, and kitsch paintings, which come from outside the narrow confines of fine art, were definitely ominous signs of the colonization of everyday life in the capitalist city, but at the same time they were anticipated to be a catalyst for redefining Korean art in a more communicative, accessible, and democratized way. In this regard, in the early 1980s-in particular 1980 and 1982-the members' gesture oscillated between critique and embrace, which allowed the group to occupy a unique domain in the realm of Korean art production.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.56-74
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• 1998

The language of the newborn, like that of adults, is one of gesture, posture, and expression(Lewis, 1980). Helping parents understand and respond to their newborn's cues will make caring for their baby more enjoyable and may well provide the foundation for a communicative bond that will last lifetime. Infant state provides a dynamic pattern reflecting the full behavioral repertoire of the healthy infant(Brazelton, 1973, 1984). States are organized in a predictable emporal sequence and provide a basic classification of conditions that occur over and over again(Wolff, 1987). They are recognized by characteristic behavioral patterns, physiological changes, and infants' level of responsiveness. Most inportantly, however, states provide caregivers a framework for observing and understanding infants' behavior. When parents know how to determine whether their infant is sleep, awake, or drowsy, and they know the implications, recognition of states has for both the infant's behavior and for their caregiving, then a lot of hings about taking care of a newborn become much easier and more rewarding. Most parents have the skills and desire to do what is best for their infant. The skills 7373parents bring to the interaction are: the ability to read their infant's cues: to stimulate the baby through touch, movement, talking, and looking at: and to respond in a contingent manner to the infant's signals. Among the crucial skills infants bring to the interaction are perceptual abilities: hearing and seeing, the capacity to look at another for a period of time, the ability to smile, be consoled, adapt their body to holding or movement, and be regular and predictable in responding. Research demonstrates that the absence of these skills by either partner adversely affects parent-infant interaction and later development. Observing early parent-infant interactions during the hospital stay is important in order to identify parent-infant pairs in need of continued monitoring(Barnard, et al., 1989).

• 비교문화연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.465-495
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 프랑스어 문화 교육의 관점에서 '시간'의 문화적 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 해가 뜨고 지는 자연의 흐름과 시계의 초침이나 달력의 날짜가 '시간'인 듯 간주되지만 엄밀히 말해 일상생활 속에서 우리는 개인이 어떻게 시간을 경험하는지 설명하기는 매우 어렵다. 하물며 외국 문화에 속한 외국인의 일상 의사소통 상황별 시간의 경험을 이해한다는 것은 한국에서 외국어를 배우는 학습자에게는 매우 어려운 목표이다. 문화 인류학자 에드워드 홀에 따르면 각 문화 공동체는 서로 다른 시간 경험을 발전시켜 왔으며, 시간은 공간이나 제스처나 시선, 얼굴 표정과 같이 비언어적 의사소통의 메시지를 전달한다. 본 연구에서는 프랑스와 한국의 술자리 모임의 시간 경험에 대하여 문화 상대주의적인 관점에서 비교하고 살펴보면서, 술 모임의 양태들이 한국과 프랑스의 문화적 특성과 관련하여 어떠한 특성을 나타내는지 분석하였다. 술 모임이란 주제는 일상생활과 관련이 높은 주제이고 인간관계를 맺는 방식과 두 문화의 의사소통 방식을 압축하여 드러낸다는 점에서 선정되었다. 본 연구에서는 특히 집단과 개인의 관계, 여가 시간과 노동 시간을 분리하는 양태와 비언어적 의사소통의 양식 등이 프랑스와 한국 문화의 특성에 따라 술 모임에서 어떻게 다르게 드러나는지 분석하면서 한국 대학의 프랑스어 문화교육을 위한 새로운 방향을 모색하였다.