• 제목/요약/키워드: common salt

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인천 논현동 일대 염습지의 식물다양성과 보존방안 (Plant Diversity and Conservation of Salt Marsh in Nonhyun-Dong, Inchoen)

  • 정주영;이만우;조강현;최병희
    • 환경생물
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.337-345
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    • 2000
  • 해안생태공원 조성이 추진중인 인천광역시 논현동 일대 염습지의 식물상 및 식생을 1999년 6월부터 2000년 6월까지 조사하였다. 이 지역에는 소래포구의 조간대를 따라 발달한 자연염습지와 함께 조수가 차단된 폐염전이 있다. 이 지역에서 14종의 염생식물이 조사되었는데, 그중 해흥나물이 가장 많이 분포하고 있었으며, 그밖에 퉁퉁마디, 비쑥, 갯개미취 등도 많이 관찰되었다. 폐염전에서 관찰된 염생식물의 종류는 자연염습지에서 조사된 것과 매우 유사하였다. 그러나, 폐염전과 자연염습지 사이의 제방 지역은 염습지 보다 다양한 종이 자라고 있었는데, 귀화식물도 21종이 관찰되었다. 자연염습지의 식생은 해흥나물-비쑥군집과 해흥나물군집으로 구성되어져 있으며 지역에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 한편, 폐염전에서는 해흥나물-퉁퉁마디, 나문재-해흥나물, 갈대-애기부들, 갈대군집 등 다양한 군집이 조사되었다. 식생상관과 종다양도에 기초하여 조사지역을 식생양호지역, 인간활동에 따른 교란지역, 식물고사지역 등의 세 구역으로 나눌 수 있었으며, 해안생태공원 조성에 따른 각 구역의 보존대책을 제시하였다.

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젓갈 성숙과정(成熟過程)에 있어 Protease 및 Formonitrogen의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(1) (Changes in Protease and Formonitrogen of Salted Fish and Shellfish (1))

  • 서명자
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 1973
  • Salted fish and shellfish have been widely used in Korea from olden times as side-dishes, although the processes and methods of pickling have varied depending on localities. The common raw materials for these subsidiary food articles include anchovy, shrimp, yellow corvina, oysters, octopus, top-shell, shellfish, pollack roe and pollack intestines. It must be pointed out here, however, that the salted stuffs now marketed locally are highly unscientific and unsanitary in the way they are processed and sold, and this has prompted this writer to undertake a study on these native food articles. The following findings have been obtained from this study on the changes in Formonitrogen and Protease Activity, effected by the density of salt and the degree of storing temperature, of the pickles of cedfish gills, codfish intestines, pollack intestines, shellfish, oysters, cuttle fish and octopus. 1) Codfish Gills The Protease Activity of the pickled codfish gills was greater in the groups of lesser doses of salt and higher degrees of storing temperature. The same was true in the case of Formonifrogen, too. The Formonitrogen of the pickled codfish gills was larger in the groups of lesser salt and higher teimperature. 2) Codfish Intestines The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled codfiah intestines became greater, as time went by, in the groups of lesser salt than those of larger doses of salt, with the speed of its formation getting faster as the storing temperature rose from $5^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The Protease Activity was also greater in the groups of lesser salt and higher temperature. The group, stored at 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$, rotted in five days. 3) Pollack Intestines The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled pollack intestines was greater in the groups of lesser amount of salt and higher degrees of storing temperature. The Protease Activity of the pickled pollack intestines began decreasing from the 11th day after the pickling in the groups stored at colmparatively high degrees of temperature$(15^{\circ}C-30^{\circ}C)$, while that of the group stored at $5^{\circ}C$ kept rising. The effects of the amount of salt were little. The group stored at 15% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ started rotting on the 13th day while that stored at $30^{\circ}C$ decayed on the 7th day. The group stored at 20% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ rotted on the 9th day. 4) Oysters The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled oysters became greater as the storing temperature rose and the doses of salt were lowered. The Protease Activity was not affected at any measurable degree by the density of salt in the group stored at $5^{\circ}C$, but became greater as the storing temperature rose to $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The group stored at 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ rotted on the 5th day while that stored at 20% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ on the 13th day. 5) Shellfish The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled shellfish became greater, as time went by, it the groups of lower consistency of salt than the groups of higher density of salt, although the decay of the former groups was faster than the latter groups. The density of salt best fitted for the pickling appeared to be about 20% with the storing temperature to be $15^{\circ}C$, at which the pickled stuff became most tasty on the 7th day. The oysters stored in three groups at $5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ respectively showed the greatest Protease Activity alike at 0% of salt, but the activity declined as the density of salt increased. The Protease Activity of each group rose for the first 11 days after the pickling, but began declining from the 13th day onward, with the groups of higher temperature retaining higher Protease Activity than the groups of lower temperature. 6) Cuttlefish Both the amount of Formonitrogen and the degree of Protease Activity of the pickled cuttlefish were greater in the groups of lower density of salt and higher degree of storing temperature. The oysters pickled at 10% salt and $15^{\circ}C$ degenerated on the 13th day while that of 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ deteriorated on the 7th day. 7) Octopus Both the Formonitrogen and the Protease Activity of the pickled octopus were greater in the groups of lower density of salt, but as time went by, the Protease Activity in all groups dwindled after a climbing. In general, the Formonitrogen and the Protease Activity of the pickled oysters became greater as the storing temperature got higher. One group stored at 10% salt and $15^{\circ}C$ rotted in 13days while another group stored at $30^{\circ}C$ decayed in 7 days.

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Brining Property and Antimutagenic Effects of Organic Chinese Cabbage Kimchi

  • Park, Woon-Young;Park, Kun-Young
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.287-291
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    • 1998
  • Brining property and antimutagenic effects of organically cultivaged Chinese cabbage kimchi (OC kimchi) and common Chinese cabbage imchi (CC kimchi) were studied. The salt absorption rate of leaves was faster than that of stems of the Chinese cabbages. Due to the large portion of leaf in organic Chinese cabbage, organic Chinese cabbage(OC) was much faster in terms of salt absorption rate than common Chinese cabbage(CC). The antimutagenic effects of methanol extracts of CC kimchi and OC kimchi were studied against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) using Ames test on Samonella typhimurium TA 100 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) using SOS chromotest. Methanol extract from 6 -day fermented OC kimchi at 15 $^{\circ}C$ showed 80% inhibition rate against the indirect mutage, aflatoxin B1 induced mutagenicit where as that from 6-day fermented CC kimchi at 15 $^{\circ}C$ showed 54% inhibition rate in the Ames test. Methanol extracts from 6-day fermented CC kimchi and OC kimchi showed 27 % and 58 % inhibition rate against direct mutagen , N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced mutagenicity, respectively in SOS chormotest, thus OC kimchi exhibited higher antimutagenic activity than kimchi.

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한반도 해안염습지와 사구 염생식물 분포 (Distribution of halophytes in coastal salt marsh and on sand dunes in Korea)

  • 심현보;조원범;최병희
    • 식물분류학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.264-276
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 한반도산 염생식물 분포를 밝히기 위해 해안 염습지와 사구 95지역을 조사하였다. 연구결과 남한의 해안과 섬지역 등에서 21과 44속 57종 4변종 1품종 등 62 염생식물이 기록되었다. 이 중 33분류군은 사구에 자라며, 나머지 29분류군은 염습지에 자라는 식물이다. 61지역이 조사된 서해안에는 58분류군이 분포하였으며, 이들 중 염습지에서는 나문재, 칠면초, 갈대, 갯잔디, 천일사초가, 사구에서는 수송나물, 갯완두, 갯길경, 갯메꽃이 많이 발견되었다. 한편 15지역이 조사된 남해안에는 서해안 보다 적은 45분류군이 분포하였다. 13지역이 조사된 동해안에는 44분류군이 분포하였으며, 흔히 발견된 식물은 수송나물, 갯완두, 갯메꽃으로 모두 사구식물이다. 해란초는 한반도에서는 동해안에서만 조사되었다. 6 지역이 조사된 제주도에는 30분류군이 분포하였다. 해녀콩은 국내에서는 제주도에서만 발견되었다. 한국산 염생식물 중 약 절반은 12종의 명아주과, 12종의 벼과, 7종의 국화과 등 3과에 속하였다.

Thaw consolidation behavior of frozen soft clay with calcium chloride

  • Wang, Songhe;Wang, Qinze;Xu, Jian;Ding, Jiulong;Qi, Jilin;Yang, Yugui;Liu, Fengyin
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.189-203
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    • 2019
  • Brine leakage is a common phenomenon during construction facilitated by artificial freezing technique, threatening the stability of frozen wall due to the continual thawing of already frozen domain. This paper takes the frequently encountered soft clay in Wujiang District as the study object, and remolded specimens were prepared by mixing calcium chloride solutions at five levels of concentration. Both the deformation and pore water pressure of frozen specimens during thawing were investigated by two-stage loading tests. Three sections were noted from the changes in the strain rate of specimens during thawing at the first-stage load, i.e., instantaneous, attenuated, and quasi-stable sections. During the second-stage loading, the deformation of post-thawed soils is closely correlated with the dissipation of pore water pressure. Two characteristic indexes were obtained including thaw-settlement coefficient and critical water content. The critical water content increases positively with salt content. The higher water content of soil leads to a larger thaw-settlement coefficient, especially at higher salt contents, based on which an empirical equation was proposed and verified. The normalized pore water pressure during thawing was found to dissipate slower at higher salt contents, with a longer duration to stabilize. Three physical indexes were experimentally determined such as freezing point, heat conductivity and water permeability. The freezing point decreases at higher salt contents, especially as more water is involved, like the changes in heat conductivity. The water permeability maintains within the same order at the considered range of salt contents, like the development of the coefficient of consolidation. The variation of the pore volume distribution also accounts for this.

Differential induction of allergy responses by low molecular weight wheat proteins from six wheat cultivars

  • Cho, Miju;Lee, Hyeri;Hwang, Min Hee;Cheong, Young-Keun;Kang, Chon-Sik;Lee, Nam Taek;Chung, Namhyun
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제60권1호
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    • pp.55-59
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    • 2017
  • Although wheat is a common staple food in the world, some people suffer from a variety of wheat allergies. For example, wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis is induced in the gastrointestinal tract by wheat proteins. Relatively high molecular weight proteins that are salt-insoluble induce many wheat allergies. In the present study, we investigated the induction of an allergy response using crude wheat proteins, which are relatively low molecular weight, salt-soluble proteins. The crude antigen used in this study was extracted using phosphate buffered saline. When the antigen extracts from various wheat cultivars were orally administered, differentiable degrees of allergy responses were observed as measured by serum IgE and histamine secretion compared to the control. Serum IgE levels increased following administration of three of the wheat extracts. This evidence suggests that a combination of salt-soluble wheat proteins could be antigens for the induction of various allergy responses.

Dosage Effects of Salt and pH Stresses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Monitored via Metabolites by Using Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy

  • Chae, Young Kee;Kim, Seol Hyun;Ellinger, James E.;Markley, John L.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권12호
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    • pp.3602-3608
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    • 2013
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a common species of yeast, is by far the most extensively studied model of a eukaryote because although it is one of the simplest eukaryotes, its basic cellular processes resemble those of higher organisms. In addition, yeast is a commercially valuable organism for ethanol production. Since the yeast data can be extrapolated to the important aspects of higher organisms, many researchers have studied yeast metabolism under various conditions. In this report, we analyzed and compared metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under salt and pH stresses of various strengths by using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A total of 31 metabolites were identified for most of the samples. The levels of many identified metabolites showed gradual or drastic increases or decreases depending on the severity of the stresses involved. The statistical analysis produced a holistic outline: pH stresses were clustered together, but salt stresses were spread out depending on the severity. This work could provide a link between the metabolite profiles and mRNA or protein profiles under representative and well studied stress conditions.

세 갈대 개체군의 절단 부위별 삽목 생장 특성 (Growth Characteristics of Cutting Culms Sectioned at Different Positions from Three Reed Populations)

  • 홍문기;김재근
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 2012
  • Culm cutting is very effective and convenient method for asexual propagation and even much less destructive than the other ways such as excavation of rhizomes. Despite that culm cutting is such a useful method, only few investigations for raising its efficiency have been carried out. We tried to examine the effect of different geographical populations and cutting sections on the shoot emergence, biomass production and its allocation in terms of cutting efficiency. Culms were sampled from three environmentally distinct wetlands : riparian marsh, salt marsh and montane fen and then they were cut separately into four sections from the bottom to the top part. Both factors of different population and section affected the shoot emergence together. Middle parts on the culm always showed more shoot emergence irrespective of different population. On the other hand, first section from salt marsh and fourth section from the montane fen did not exhibit any shoot emergence. Significant difference in increase of shoot emergence between different sections during investigation period was confirmed only from salt marsh population. Not only different population but also appropriate cutting section should be considered together for better efficiency in cutting of reed culms.

Response Surface Methodology를 이용한 숭어(Mugil cephalus) 반염건품의 개발 (Development of Salted Semi-dried Common Gray Mullet Mugil cephalus using Response Surface Methodology)

  • 박권현;허민수;김진수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제48권6호
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    • pp.839-848
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    • 2015
  • This study examined the optimal salting drying method and processing conditions (salt concentration, curing time, dry temperature, and drying time) for preparing salted semi-dried common gray mullet (SSD-CGM) Mugil cephalus based on the moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance using response surface methodology (RSM). The moisture content, salinity, and overall acceptance of SSD-CGM prepared with different salting methods revealed that dry salting was the optimal salting method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM. The optimal drying method for preparing high-quality SSD-CGM based on the drying velocity and sensory color was hot air-blast drying. The results of the RSM program indicated that the optimal independent variables ($X_1$, salt concentration; $X_2$, curing time; $X_3$, dry temperature; $X_4$, drying time) based on the dependent variables ($Y_1$, moisture content; $Y_2$, salinity; $Y_3$, overall acceptance) for high-quality SSD-CGM were 5.6% for $X_1$, 2.7 h for $X_2$, $47.0^{\circ}C$ for $X_3$, and 8.5 h for $X_4$ for uncoded values. The predicted values of $Y_1$, $Y_2$, and $Y_3$ for SSD-CGM prepared under optimal conditions were 54.4%, 4.2%, and 6.3, respectively, while the experimental values were $55.2{\pm}1.0%$, $4.1{\pm}0.3%$ and $6.7{\pm}0.8$. The actual and predicted values did not differ.

Synthesis, Characterization and Luminescent Properties of Eu-Containing Polyoxometalate

  • Kim, Hee-Sang;Hoa, Dinth Thi Minh;Lee, Burm-Jong;Park, Dong-Ho;Kwon, Young-Soo
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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    • pp.609-611
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    • 2004
  • Sodium salt of photoluminescent Eu-containing polyoxometalate (Eu-POM) was newly synthesized and its chemical structure and physical properties characterized. The Eu-POM was unstable outside the pH range 5.5-8.5, and a pH just over 7 gave the best yield. We have investigated the photoluminescent properties of Eu-POM with changing the reactants ratio of heteropolytungstate and $EuCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O}$. The Eu-POM was characterized by UV/Vis, FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, PL and XPS. Eu-POM emits orange light of 590nm when excited with the light of 280nm. Furthermore, we made dodecyltrimethylammonium (DDTA) salt of Eu-POM (Eu-POM/DDTA) by exchange of the counter cation. The Eu-POM/DDTA is soluble in common organic solvents, while Eu-POM is only soluble in water. And it emits reddish orange light of 625nm when excited with light of 250nm.

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