• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.347-360
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• 2018

It is ironic but not coincidental that the loss of Korean sovereignty to Japan roughly paralleled the formation of the idea of Korean ethnic identity. The coalescence of the content of this heretofore amorphous notion of a "pure" and transcendental (in the class sense) ethnic essence was, again ironically, the result both of ideologies taken from (or given by) Japan and resistance to Japanese encroachment. What resulted was the birth of a hybrid (sub) consciousness that was able to accommodate disparate, or even contradictory, realities simultaneously without any sense of contradiction (Christian and shaman for example). If, as Kim Chul has asserted, the colonial period was the most impactful in forming today's Korean society and "giving birth" to today's Korean, it becomes easy to imagine how this formation process included elements of Japanese and western culture. This meant that there was going to be an inevitable cognitive dissonance when these influences collided with the imperatives of ethnic nationalism which became the touchstone for a common Korean identity (North and South). This paper attempts to show how this split-consciousness was manifested in Yeom Sang seop's Manse jeon with the aim of identifying how it affects discourses related to nationalism and identity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) makes common nowadays computing environments involving programming not a single computer but several heterogeneous distributed computers together. Developing programs separately, one for each computer, increases programmer burden and testing all the programs become more complex. To address the challenge, this paper proposes an RPC-based unified programming language, UniPy, for development of MGC (eMbedded, Gateway, and Cloud) applications in IoT systems configured with popular computers such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Web-based DB server. UniPy offers programmers a view of classes as locations and a very simple form of remote procedure call mechanism. Our UniPy compiler automatically splits a UniPy program into small pieces of the program at different locations supporting the necessary RPC mechanism. An advantage of UniPy programs is to permit programmers to write local codes the same as for a single computer requiring no extra knowledge due to having unified programming models, which is very different from the existing research works such as Fabryq and Ravel. Also, the structure of UniPy programs allows programmers to test them by directly executing them before splitting, which is a feature that has never been emphasized yet.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2021

Sentiment refers to a person's thoughts, opinions, and feelings toward an object. Sentiment analysis is a process of collecting opinions on a specific target and classifying them according to their emotions, and applies to opinion mining that analyzes product reviews and reviews on the web. Companies and users can grasp the opinions of public opinion and come up with a way to do so. Recently, natural language processing models using the Transformer structure have appeared, and Google's BERT is a representative example. Afterwards, various models came out by remodeling the BERT. Among them, the Facebook AI team unveiled the XLM-R (XLM-RoBERTa), an upgraded XLM model. XLM-R solved the data limitation and the curse of multilinguality by training XLM with 2TB or more refined CC (CommonCrawl), not Wikipedia data. This model showed that the multilingual model has similar performance to the single language model when it is trained by adjusting the size of the model and the data required for training. Therefore, in this paper, we study the improvement of Korean sentiment analysis performed using a pre-trained XLM-R model that solved curse of multilinguality and improved performance.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.273-298
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• 2018

This paper, postulating that Lowell's Imagism is not some "Amygism" that wobbles with "emotional slither," "mushy technique" and "general floppiness" as Pound once mocked, but another kind of poetic discourse that deserves the fullest re-consideration, goes back to the very scene where Pound left for Vorticism, condescendingly allowing Lowell and her supporters to use the name "Imagism" for three years. There, it tries to illuminate how Lowell, making the most of the opportunity given to her, picked up what Pound had left behind, grafted it on the soil of America, and finally fulfilled her literary passion to awaken the common reading public to the taste for poetry reading. For the purpose, it looks into her critical reviews in Tendencies in Modern American Poetry, and stresses her creative critical efforts to re-address Pound's principles of "Imagisme." In particular, given the limit of space, it focuses only on the second principle of her Imagism and examines the modernity of her concepts of "a cadence," "suggestion," and "the real poem beyond." Then it reads "Patterns" in the context of Japanese poetry and Noh drama and analyzes the poetic patterns that Lowell made through a creative adaptation of Japanese aesthetics for Imagist poetics. In doing so, this paper aims to provide reasonable evidences to evaluate the modernity of Lowell's Imagist ars poetica and to consider her a truly serious Imagist poet worthy of a place in the history of American poetic modernism.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.975-992
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• 2009

Whereas many Dickinson scholars tend to focus on Emily Dickinson's anthropocentric dimension, her work also reveals an ecocentric aspect. On the one hand, influenced by New England Puritan typology and its offshoot Emersonian Transcendentalist idealism, Dickinson reveals her indebtedness to these two worldviews by emphasizing the invisible over the visible and the spiritual over the physical. At times, she reflects the common thread of the two outlooks-a hierarchical thinking, in which nature is inferior to human beings and does not have its own identity outside of human use. On the other hand, seeing through the downside of the hierarchical Emersonian idealism, Dickinson sometimes suggests an alternative stance on nature in a nonhierarchical way. She often appreciates nature for its own sake, becoming its neighbor and companion. This aligns Dickinson with modern ecocritics and ecofeminists who criticize a hierarchical anthropocentrism and promote an egalitarian ecocentrism in which natural and human beings are fellow citizens of the earth community. And yet, unlike most ecocritics who advocate a complete shift to an egalitarian paradigm, Dickinson embraces both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism in her poetry of "open portfolio." This openness stems from her belief in interrelatedness between God, nature, and human beings. Housing the two opposing perspectives in her poetry, she widely opens the possibility to choose the better way to relate to our sister and brother, nature.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2021

This paper aims to explore the glocal storytelling strategy of hero's journey content. Many digital games use hero's journey as a framework. However, it is also true that game storytelling is so common that it is soon recognized as a hero's journey. Therefore, this paper paid attention to the new hero's journey application method of the webtoon . The story created an atypical and Korean character on a typical hero's journey plot. It implements an alternative glocal storytelling aiming at harmony between the region and the world by presenting a regional character on a global universal plot.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.176-181
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• 2022

일반 상식 추론 능력은 가장 사람다운 능력 중 하나로써, 인공지능 모델이 쉽게 모사하기 어려운 영역이다. 딥러닝 기반의 언어 모델은 여전히 일반 상식에 기반한 추론을 필요로 하는 분야에서 부족한 성능을 보인다. 특히, 한국어에서는 일반 상식 추론과 관련한 연구가 상당히 부족한 상황이다. 이러한 문제 완화를 위해 최근 생성 기반의 일반 상식 추론을 위한 한국어 데이터셋인 Korean CommonGen [1]이 발표되었다. 그러나, 해당 데이터셋의 평가 지표는 어휘 단계의 유사성과 중첩에 의존하는 한계를 지니며, 생성한 문장이 일반 상식에 부합한 문장인지 측정하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문은 한국어 일반 상식 추론 및 생성 능력에 대한 평가 지표를 개선하기 위해 문장 성분의 의미역과 자모의 형태 변화를 바탕으로 생성 결과를 평가하는 SRLev, 사람의 평가 결과를 학습한 BIH, 그리고 두 평가 지표의 장점을 결합한 SRLev-BIH를 제안한다.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.783-807
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• 2012

This study compares and contrasts Freud's "work of mourning" which mostly appears in his memorable essay "Mourning and Melancholia" and Derrida's theory of mourning which appears in various works such as MEMOIRES for Paul de Man, The Work of Mourning, and others. Freud maintains that the mourner begins to sever emotional ties to the lost object through a labor of memory and eventually completes the work of mourning. It is a "testing of reality" that motivates the mourner to begin to relinquish emotional attachment to the lost object. Derrida, however, challenges Freudian work of mourning by saying that true mourning lies in "respecting the Otherness of the Other." Derrida suggests that Freud's "normal work of mourning" is "unjust betrayal" of the lost object because it "kills" and "devours" the other and thereby makes it part of the self. So he proposes that work of mourning has "to fail in order to succeed": "success fails" and "failure succeeds." There is an enormous, even epistemological, chasm between Freud who states that mourning, "however painful it may be, comes to a spontaneous end" and Derrida who states that "mourning is interminable. Inconsolable. Irreconcilable." and "I mourn Therefore I am." The former is the voice of "testing of reality" and common sense whereas the latter is that of utopian ethical vision. Yet neither seems to get the upper hand and they are kind of forced to maintain an ongoing dialogue with each other, for true mourning seems to lie somewhere in between.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1027-1045
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• 2010

What does an Irish modernist have in common with a contemporary Canadian classicist? The present paper attempts an unlikely comparison to bring out previously unnoticed facets of meaning by analyzing James Joyce's Ulysses (1922) and Anne Carson's Autobiography of Red: A Novel in Verse (1998) together. While Joyce and Carson write at different times and in different places, I suggest that they are also remarkably similar. First, both of these authors can be said to have re-invented the genre of the novel in the two aforementioned works. Second, they both set themselves the task of re-writing a Greek text, in Joyce's case Homer's Odyssey, in Carson's case Stesichoros's Geryoneis, transferring it to their own present reality. The focus of the article is to read Ulysses and Autobiography of Red together in light of their engagement with colonialism. This concept is central to both novels, as literary critics have noted. However, rather than examining the concept in the traditional sense, I use it as a platform to examine the roles that sociolinguistic colonialism, and what I call literary colonialism, play in these two innovative and groundbreaking novels. Finally, I analyze the ways in which these authors position themselves against the tradition. Comparing works by Carson and Joyce allows me to arrive at conclusions that transcend their time and apply to humanity in general.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.203-218
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• 2007

The early eighteenth century witnessed the birth of homosexuality as an identity and the emergence of a homosexual subculture in Britain. The homosexual subculture revealed itself through identified walkways and parks, gestures by which men might signal their interests to each other, and meeting places called "molly houses" where homosexuals could gather in relative safety. As early as 1703 the homosexuals seem to have overrun London. Homosexuals in eighteenth-century Britain provides a figure on which a variety of social anxieties could be displaced. Homosexuality is partly sexual transgression; mostly, it represents a variety of class, national, political transgressions. The association of British homosexuality with the fashion for Italian tastes was commonplace, and the growth of homosexuality was regarded as the greatest threat to the glorious Britain by destroying all its masculine virtues. Homosexuality was widely believed to be particularly common among the aristocracy and to be symptomatic of the increasing depravity of that class. The radicals in eighteenth-century Britain did not hesitate to exploit the surge in homophobia. They identified aristocratic patronage as one of the aristocratic practices that encouraged homosexuality and thus stigmatized the sort of male bonding that helped sustain aristocratic hegemony.