• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-82
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether panoramic radiographs were useful in predicting osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: 50 postmenoposal women between the age of 41.8 and 78.5 were classified as normal and osteoporosis groups according to the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae. Panoramic radiographs were taken. Age, body mass index, remaining mandibular teeth, mandibular cortical thickness and morphology, and fractal dimensions at periapical areas of mandibular first molars were evaluated to differentiate the two groups. Results: The age of osteoporotic group was statistically significantly higher than that of normal group (p<0.05), but not the body mass index or number of remaining mandibular teeth. The mean fractal dimension of osteoporotic group was $1.391{\pm}0.085$, and was significantly lower than that of the normal group, which was $1.523{\pm}0.725$ (p<0.01). Thick mandibular cortical thickness was common in normal group, whereas thin or very thin mandibular cortical thickness was common in osteoporotic group and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). C2 pattern was common in normal group followed by C1, whereas C2 was common in osteoporotic group followed by C3. The difference was statistically significant (p< 0.0 1). Conclusion: Age, mandibular cortical thickness and shape, fractal dimension on panoramic radiographs were useful in predicting osteoporosis.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.341-353
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• 2010

Authors investigated the species composition of fishes for about 13months in the boundary sea water between Busan and Tsushima. We caught 81 species, 1,603 individuals and 437.7kg in biomass. The first dominant species by seasons were common squid, angler, angler and Psenopsis anomala respectively. Angler was also the first dominant species in biomass for four seasons. Catch per unit effort (kg/hr) was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. But there was a little difference in accordance with station compared with season. There was big difference by season in the diversity index, the evenness index and the dominant index. But there was little difference between above indexes. The total length of common squid was the tallest in autumn and winter, that of blackthroat seaperch was the tallest in autumn and the lowest in winter. But angler's total length was almost same all through the year.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2003

Seosan A, B area is located on 36°42' of north parallel and 126°27' of east longitude. It consisted of broad artificial lakes and reclaimed agricultural lands; there is Ganwalho lake in A area and Bunamho lake in B area. Total birds surveyed four times in 2001 at the A area are 105,580 of 11 orders, 28 families, 89 species. Among them, resident species were 21 species including Pica pica. Twenty species including Cuculus canorus were summer migrants, and 30 species including Platalea leucorodia were winter migrants. Seventeen species including Limosa limosa were occasionally species. And Rostratula benghalensis was an unconfirmed species. Species diversity index (H') was 0.72; species equally common index (e/sup H'/) was 2.06. In January, maximum observed 102,121 individuals. However in July 52 species were observed most variously. There were total 81,152 birds observed with 11 orders, 22 families, and 71 species at the B area. Fifteen species including Falco tinnumculus were resident species. Summer migrants were 18 species including Ixobychus sinensis. Winter migrants were 25 species including Ciconia boyciana. Thirteen species including Tringa glareola were occasionally species. Species diversity index (H') was 0.281; species equally common index (e/sup H'/) was 1.325. In January, maximum observed 78,433 individuals. However in Silly 42 species were observed most variously.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 1991

This paper is concerned with the flow shop scheduling problems considering different weighted penalty costs for earliness and lateness, and a common due date. The objective of the paper is to develop an efficient heuristic scheduling algorithm for minimizing total penalty costs and for determining the optimal common due date. The positional weight index and, the product sum method are used. A numerical example is given for illustrating the proposed algorithm.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.439-442
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• 1998

In this paper, we firstly suggested C&D (Common mode and Differential mode) model for the representation of a stereophonic signal. Then a measure of stereophonic channel separability is defined as the ratio of differential mode energy to total energy in frequency domain. After that, a new channel separability enhancement scheme is proposed by the control of common mode rejection. Finally, some experimental results are presented in order to verify our scheme.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

This study showed that the association between solidarity and conflict is mediated by the communication of grandmothers and an adult child at the dyadic level. The common fate model (CFM) was designed to model mediation effects at the level of dyads. Participants consisted of 297 grandmother dyads and their adult child who were rearing preschool-aged grandchildren in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. For analysis at the dyadic level, grandmothers and adults responded to the same questionnaire on the same variables. SPSS 23.0 performed descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The structural equation model (SEM) was estimated with AMOS 23.0. We tested the mediation model using the maximum likelihood method. Model fit index used the chi-square statistic, the incremental fit index (IFI), the comparative fit index (CFI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The statistical significance of the indirect effect was examined using a bootstrapping procedure. The results are as follows. First, in the CFM, the direct effect between solidarity and conflict was significant. Therefore, the higher the solidarity, the lower conflict of grandmothers and an adult child. Second, the association between solidarity and conflict is mediated by communication at the dyadic level. Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to strengthen the capacity of co-parenting between grandmothers and an adult child.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to use more Traction treatment clinically by comparing th Improvement of Low Back Pain and Sciatica between Common treatment Group and Common treatment with Traction treatment. Methods : This study was carried out on 40 patients with Low Back Pain and Sciatica who were hospitalized in Dongshin Univ. Oriental Hospital from January, 2003 to May, 2004. Group A of 20 patients were taken both common treatment and Traction treatment. And Group B of 20 patients were only taken common treatment. And at discharge day, we checked and compared VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and ODI(Oswestry disability index) out of these two groups. SPSS(Statistical Program for Social Science) for Window was used for a statistical analysis and the independent T-test was performed to gauge the improvement of VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and ODI(Oswestry disability index) out of these two groups, in which case, value of P below 0.05 is considered as useful. Results : The result of the VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and ODI(Oswestry disability index) of comparison analysis between two groups at discharge day, shows that the improvement of Low Back Pain and Sciatica in cmmon treatment with Traction treatment Group is more effective than that in Common treatment.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1055-1067
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• 2019

In view of the deficiencies of existing weighted similarity indexes, a hierarchical clustering method initialize-expand-merge (IEM) is proposed based on the similarity of common neighbors for community discovery in weighted networks. Firstly, the similarity of the node pair is defined based on the attributes of their common neighbors. Secondly, the most closely related nodes are fast clustered according to their similarity to form initial communities and expand the communities. Finally, communities are merged through maximizing the modularity so as to optimize division results. Experiments are carried out on many weighted networks, which have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. And results show that IEM is superior to weighted common neighbor (CN), weighted Adamic-Adar (AA) and weighted resources allocation (RA) when using the weighted modularity as evaluation index. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can achieve more reasonable community division for weighted networks compared with cluster-recluster-merge-algorithm (CRMA) algorithm.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2006

This study investigated the food habits of the elementary school children according to obesity index. The subjects included 1,307 elementary school children classified into four groups according to their individual obesity indices: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The distribution of subjects by BMI was 51.5% underweight, 32.9% normal weight, 7.3% overweight, and 8.3% obese. Of these children, 62.6% ate breakfast everyday, and common weight control methods were exercise and diet. Lack of appetite was the most common reason for skipping breakfast(75.3%). Most students(74.7%) had Korean traditional cooked rice and side dishes for breakfast, and 69.6% of students responded that their meal speed was $10{\sim}30$ minutes. In conclusion, the food habits influencing obesity were eating speed, snack intake after dinner, and the number of snacks, while the size of meals did not influence obesity.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.494-498
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• 2005

In order to design the aspherical lens, the revisions and the steps of the mathematical method are influenced with a lot of variables. The accuracy of the aspherical lens can be changed by these variables. Besides, to design the aspherical lens, many mathematical functions should be used. To use these mathematical functions is protected by patent administration. Therefore it is very difficult for most of developed countries to use them. This fact has been interrupting not only the development of the technique of a design of the aspherical lens but also the development of the equipments of optics. Because approximate values are used in most of common programs which create the aspherical lens : basically these common programs have variations. Therefore these aspherical lens are not accurate. In the paper, we calculated accurate values by using the refractive index of lens. Based on these data, wee created self-operating design programs. Consequently, our lens is more accurate than the aspherical lens which is created by the common programs influenced with approximate values. The used programs belonging to AutoCAD is Visual LISP.